CN108225177B - Standard ball fine-adjustment device for laser tracking measurement system - Google Patents
Standard ball fine-adjustment device for laser tracking measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108225177B CN108225177B CN201711488423.2A CN201711488423A CN108225177B CN 108225177 B CN108225177 B CN 108225177B CN 201711488423 A CN201711488423 A CN 201711488423A CN 108225177 B CN108225177 B CN 108225177B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a standard ball fine-tuning device for a laser tracking measurement system, which can accurately and stably fine-tune the spatial position of a standard ball in the laser tracking measurement system. The position relation of the standard ball serving as a core structure of the laser tracking measurement system and the vertical revolution axis and the horizontal revolution axis determines the measurement accuracy of the laser tracking measurement system. Therefore, after the laser tracking measurement system is assembled, the center of the standard ball needs to be adjusted to coincide with the intersection of the vertical pivot axis and the horizontal pivot axis. The standard ball fine-tuning device of the laser tracking measurement system can realize stable linear movement of the standard ball in three directions of a Cartesian coordinate system, and effectively improves the measurement precision of the laser tracking measurement system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser measurement, in particular to a standard ball fine-tuning device for a laser tracking measurement system.
Background
The laser tracking measurement system is a high-precision large-size measurement instrument in the field of industrial measurement. The device has the characteristics of large measurement space, high measurement efficiency, high measurement precision, simplicity in operation and the like, is similar to a portable three-coordinate measuring machine, and is widely applied to the fields of ship manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, aircraft manufacturing and the like. The laser tracking measurement system is a measurement system based on the multilateral method principle and is specially used for calibrating high-grade numerical control equipment such as a three-coordinate measuring machine, a numerical control machine tool and the like. Although the multilateration method has the advantage of high algorithm accuracy, the laser tracking measurement system itself is also required to have higher geometric accuracy. Among all geometric errors of the mechanical structure of the laser tracking measurement system, the spatial position error of the standard ball has the greatest influence on the measurement accuracy of the laser tracking measurement system. Therefore, the stable linear movement of the standard sphere in three directions of the cartesian coordinate system helps to improve the measurement accuracy of the laser tracking measurement system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize the coincidence of the center of a standard ball of a laser tracking measurement system and the intersection point of a vertical rotary axis and a horizontal rotary axis, and provides a standard ball fine adjustment device for the laser tracking measurement system.
In a laser tracking measurement system using a standard ball as a reflecting device, two-dimensional micro-motion of the standard ball on a horizontal plane is realized by a mode that four screws are opposite to each other in pairs in the vertical direction. The method is easy to cause the standard ball base to generate stress deformation, thereby changing the characteristic of linear change of displacement. Movement of the standard ball in the vertical direction is achieved by tightening the fine adjustment nut. The method can only realize upward fine adjustment of the vertical bottom surface of the standard ball, and the downward adjustment needs to firstly loosen the fine adjustment nut, manually press the standard ball transition device, and then upwards screw the fine adjustment nut. This method is not conducive to fine-tuning the spatial position of the standard sphere in the laser tracking measurement system accurately and stably.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is a standard ball fine adjustment device for a laser tracking measurement system, which is divided into two parts. The first part, the horizontal plane two-dimensional moving part, is composed of a two-dimensional moving sliding table 9, and realizes the two-dimensional micro-motion of the standard ball 1 on the horizontal plane by rotating the hand wheel. The second part, the vertical moving part, is composed of a stepped shaft 2, a fine adjustment nut 3, a common linear bearing 4, a compression spring 5, a gasket 6, a flange linear bearing 7, a connecting plate 8, a pin 10 and a pull spring 11. The micro-motion of the standard ball 1 in the vertical direction is realized by screwing or unscrewing the fine tuning nut 3.
The fine thread 12 of the fine tuning nut 3 is fixedly connected with the fine thread 13 of the stepped shaft 2, and the standard ball 1 is fixedly connected with the stepped shaft 2 in a threaded connection mode. The stepped shaft 2 is inserted into a general linear bearing 4 equipped with a spacer 6, and the protruding portion is inserted into a compression spring 5 equipped with the spacer 6. The protruding part is then inserted into a flanged linear bearing 7 provided with a spacer 6. One end of the tension spring 11 is inserted into the stepped shaft end face hole 14 of the stepped shaft 2, and the pin 10 is inserted into the pin hole 15. The other end of the tension spring 11 is inserted into the rectangular through hole 20 of the connecting plate 8, while the pin 10 is inserted into the U-shaped hole 19 of the connecting plate 8. To this end, the tension spring 11 elastically connects the stepped shaft 2 and the connecting plate 8 together. And finally, fixedly connecting the flange linear bearing 7 with the connecting plate 8 in a threaded connection mode, and fixedly connecting the connecting plate 8 with the two-dimensional movable sliding table 9.
The standard ball 1, the stepped shaft 2, the fine adjustment nut 3, the common linear bearing 4, the compression spring 5, the gasket 6, the flange linear bearing 7, the connecting plate 8, the pin 10 and the pull spring 11 are integrally and fixedly connected with the two-dimensional moving sliding table 9 through the flange end of the flange linear bearing 7, so that the micro-motion of the standard ball 1 on the horizontal plane is realized by rotating two hand wheels of the two-dimensional moving sliding table 9.
The elastic forces of the compression spring 5 and the pull spring 11 are balanced, and the standard ball 1 is kept stable in the vertical direction. When the fine adjustment nut 3 is rotated clockwise, the stepped shaft 2 moves upward relative to the fine adjustment nut 3. The pin 10 on the stepped shaft 2 tensions the tension spring 11, causing the tension spring 11 to elongate. The lower end face of the fine adjustment nut 3 transmits the movement to the gasket 6, the gasket 6 transmits the movement to the compression spring 5 through the common linear bearing 4, and the compression spring 5 is compressed to shorten the compression spring 5. The increased elastic force of the extended pull spring 11 and the shortened compression spring 5 is the same, and the stability of the standard ball 1 in the vertical direction is maintained again in the process of realizing the upward movement of the standard ball 1; when the fine adjustment nut 3 is rotated counterclockwise, the stepped shaft 2 moves downward relative to the fine adjustment nut 3. The pin 10 on the stepped shaft 2 releases the tension spring 11, causing the tension spring 11 to shorten. The compression spring 5 is extended as the pressure from the normal linear bearing 4 becomes small. The compression spring 5 transfers the motion to the ordinary linear bearing 4 when it extends, and the ordinary linear bearing 4 transfers the motion to the washer 6 below the fine adjustment nut 3. The reduced spring force of the shortened tension spring 11 and the reduced spring force of the extended compression spring 5 are the same, and the standard ball 1 is maintained stable in the vertical direction again in the process of realizing the downward movement of the standard ball 1.
As shown in fig. 6, during the process of screwing and unscrewing the fine adjustment nut 3, the stepped shaft 2 always maintains the mechanical balance of the compression spring pressure 21, the tension spring 22 and the stepped shaft gravity 23, as shown in formula (1).
F1＝F2+G (1)
F1 represents the compression spring pressure 21, F2 represents the tension spring force 22, and G represents the stepped shaft weight 23.
From hooke's law (2), when the spring is elastically deformed, the elastic force F of the spring is proportional to the extension or compression of the spring. Where F denotes a spring force, k denotes an elastic coefficient, and Δ x denotes an elastic deformation amount.
F＝k·Δx (2)
Therefore, the relationship between the change in the elastic force and the amount of elastic deformation of the compression spring 5 and the tension spring 11 is as in equation (3). Wherein, Δ F1Indicating the change in the spring force of the compression spring 5,ΔF2showing the change in the spring force of the tension spring 11.
F1+ΔF1＝F2+ΔF2+G (3)
As can be seen from the formulas (1) and (3), the changes in the elastic forces of the compression spring 5 and the tension spring 11 are equal, and the elastic deformation amounts of the compression spring 5 and the tension spring 11 are also equal, as shown in the formulas (4) and (5). Wherein k is1Denotes the spring constant, k, of the compression spring 52Denotes the elastic coefficient, Δ x, of the tension spring 111Indicates the amount of elastic deformation, Δ x, of the compression spring 52Indicating the amount of elastic deformation of the tension spring 11.
ΔF1＝ΔF2(4)
k1·Δx1＝k2·Δx2(5)
In order to finely adjust the standard ball 1 in the vertical direction, the amounts of deformation of the compression spring 5 and the tension spring 11 are kept consistent in order to enable the standard ball 1 to linearly move accurately and stably, and therefore the elastic coefficients of the compression spring 5 and the tension spring 11 must be the same.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a standard ball fine-tuning device.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the vertical movement of a standard ball fine adjustment device.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a fine adjustment nut.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a stepped shaft structure.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a connection plate.
Fig. 6 is a stepped shaft diagram.
The labels in the figure are: 1-standard ball, 2-stepped shaft, 3-fine adjustment nut, 4-common linear bearing, 5-compression spring, 6-gasket, 7-flange linear bearing, 8-connecting plate, 9-two-dimensional moving sliding table, 10-pin, 11-pull spring, 12-fine adjustment nut thread, 13-stepped shaft thread, 14-stepped shaft end face hole, 15-pin hole, 16-4 through holes, 17-4 threaded through holes, 18-square groove, 19-U-shaped hole, 20-rectangular through hole, 21-compression spring pressure (F1), 22-pull spring tension (F2) and 23-stepped shaft gravity (G).
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description. However, it should not be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments, and any technique realized based on the present invention is within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the fine thread 12 of the fine adjustment nut 3 is fixedly connected to the fine thread 13 of the stepped shaft 2, and the standard ball 1 is fixedly connected to the stepped shaft 2 by screwing. The stepped shaft 2 is inserted into a general linear bearing 4 equipped with a spacer 6, and the protruding portion is inserted into a compression spring 5 equipped with the spacer 6. The protruding part is then inserted into a flanged linear bearing 7 provided with a spacer 6. One end of the tension spring 11 is inserted into the stepped shaft end face hole 14 of the stepped shaft 2, and the pin 10 is inserted into the pin hole 15. The other end of the tension spring 11 is inserted into the rectangular through hole 20 of the connecting plate 8, while the pin 10 is inserted into the U-shaped hole 19 of the connecting plate 8. To this end, the tension spring 11 elastically connects the stepped shaft 2 and the connection plate 8 together, and the compression spring 5 elastically connects the normal linear bearing 4 and the flange linear bearing 7 together. And finally, fixedly connecting the flange linear bearing 7 with the connecting plate 8 in a threaded connection mode, and fixedly connecting the connecting plate 8 with the two-dimensional movable sliding table 9. The inner holes of the common linear bearing 4 and the flange linear bearing 7 are connected with the stepped shaft 2 in an excessive mode, so that the motion precision of the stepped shaft 2 is ensured.
The operation of moving a standard ball in two dimensions in a horizontal plane is as follows.
The standard ball 1, the stepped shaft 2, the fine adjustment nut 3, the common linear bearing 4, the compression spring 5, the gasket 6, the flange linear bearing 7, the connecting plate 8, the pin 10 and the pull spring 11 are integrally and fixedly connected with the two-dimensional moving sliding table 9 through the flange end of the flange linear bearing 7, so that the micro-motion of the standard ball 1 on the horizontal plane is realized by rotating two hand wheels of the two-dimensional moving sliding table 9. When rotating clockwise, the standard ball 1 moves away from the hand wheel. When rotating counterclockwise, the standard ball 1 moves toward the hand wheel.
The operation of vertically moving the standard ball is as follows.
The elastic forces of the compression spring 5 and the pull spring 11 are balanced, and the standard ball 1 is kept stable in the vertical direction. When the fine adjustment nut 3 is rotated clockwise, the stepped shaft 2 moves upward relative to the fine adjustment nut 3. The pin 10 on the stepped shaft 2 tensions the tension spring 11, causing the tension spring 11 to elongate. The lower end face of the fine adjustment nut 3 transmits the movement to the gasket 6, the gasket 6 transmits the movement to the compression spring 5 through the common linear bearing 4, and the compression spring 5 is compressed to shorten the compression spring 5. The increased elastic force of the extended pull spring 11 and the shortened compression spring 5 is the same, and the stability of the standard ball 1 in the vertical direction is maintained again in the process of realizing the upward movement of the standard ball 1; when the fine adjustment nut 3 is rotated counterclockwise, the stepped shaft 2 moves downward relative to the fine adjustment nut 3. The pin 10 on the stepped shaft 2 releases the tension spring 11, causing the tension spring 11 to shorten. The compression spring 5 is extended as the pressure from the normal linear bearing 4 becomes small. The compression spring 5 transfers the motion to the ordinary linear bearing 4 when it extends, and the ordinary linear bearing 4 transfers the motion to the washer 6 below the fine adjustment nut 3. The reduced spring force of the shortened tension spring 11 and the reduced spring force of the extended compression spring 5 are the same, and the standard ball 1 is maintained stable in the vertical direction again in the process of realizing the downward movement of the standard ball 1.
As shown in fig. 6, during the process of screwing and unscrewing the fine adjustment nut 3, the stepped shaft 2 always maintains the mechanical balance of the compression spring pressure 21, the tension spring 22 and the stepped shaft gravity 23, as shown in equation (6).
F1＝F2+G (6)
From hooke's law (7), it can be known that the elastic force F of a spring is proportional to the elongation or compression of the spring when the spring is elastically deformed. Where F denotes a spring force, k denotes an elastic coefficient, and Δ x denotes an elastic deformation amount.
F＝k·Δx (7)
Therefore, the relationship between the change in the elastic force and the amount of elastic deformation of the compression spring 5 and the tension spring 11 is as in equation (8). Wherein, Δ F1Showing the change in the spring force of the compression spring 5, deltaF2Showing the change in the spring force of the tension spring 11.
F1+ΔF1＝F2+ΔF2+G (8)
As can be seen from the equations (6) and (8), the changes in the elastic forces of the compression spring 5 and the tension spring 11 are equal, and the elastic deformation amounts of the compression spring 5 and the tension spring 11 are also equal, as shown in the equations (9) and (8)Equation (10). Wherein k is1Denotes the spring constant, k, of the compression spring 52Denotes the elastic coefficient, Δ x, of the tension spring 111Indicates the amount of elastic deformation, Δ x, of the compression spring 52Indicating the amount of elastic deformation of the tension spring 11.
ΔF1＝ΔF2(9)
k1·Δx1＝k2·Δx2(10)
In order to finely adjust the standard ball 1 in the vertical direction, the amounts of deformation of the compression spring 5 and the tension spring 11 are kept consistent in order to enable the standard ball 1 to linearly move accurately and stably, and therefore the elastic coefficients of the compression spring 5 and the tension spring 11 must be the same.
The standard ball fine-tuning device for the laser tracking measurement system can realize stable linear movement of a standard ball in three directions of a Cartesian coordinate system, and effectively improves the measurement precision of the laser tracking measurement system.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention, and many modifications are possible in the present embodiments, as those skilled in the art will recognize. The general principles defined herein may be embodied in other specific embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (3)
1. A standard ball fine-tuning device for a laser tracking measurement system is characterized in that: the device is divided into two parts; the horizontal plane two-dimensional moving part is composed of a two-dimensional moving sliding table (9), and the two-dimensional micro-motion of the standard ball (1) on the horizontal plane is realized by rotating a hand wheel; the second part is a vertical moving part which is composed of a stepped shaft (2), a fine adjustment nut (3), a common linear bearing (4), a compression spring (5), a gasket (6), a flange linear bearing (7), a connecting plate (8), a pin (10) and a pull spring (11); the micro-motion of the standard ball (1) in the vertical direction is realized by screwing or unscrewing the fine tuning nut (3);
a fine thread (12) of the fine tuning nut (3) is fixedly connected with a fine thread (13) of the stepped shaft (2), and the standard ball (1) is fixedly connected with the stepped shaft (2) in a threaded connection mode; the stepped shaft (2) is inserted into a common linear bearing (4) provided with a gasket (6), and the extending part is inserted into a compression spring (5) provided with the gasket (6); then inserting the extending part into a flange linear bearing (7) provided with a gasket (6); one end of a pull spring (11) is inserted into a stepped shaft end face hole (14) of the stepped shaft (2), and a pin (10) is inserted into a pin hole (15); inserting the other end of the pull spring (11) into a rectangular through hole (20) of the connecting plate (8), and simultaneously inserting the pin (10) into a U-shaped hole (19) of the connecting plate (8); so far, the step shaft (2) and the connecting plate (8) are elastically connected together by the pull spring (11); finally, the flange linear bearing (7) is fixedly connected with the connecting plate (8) in a threaded connection mode, and the connecting plate (8) is fixedly connected with the two-dimensional movable sliding table (9);
the standard ball (1), the stepped shaft (2), the fine adjustment nut (3), the common linear bearing (4), the compression spring (5), the gasket (6), the flange linear bearing (7), the connecting plate (8), the pin (10) and the pull spring (11) are integrally and fixedly connected with the two-dimensional moving sliding table (9) through the flange end of the flange linear bearing (7), and therefore the micro-motion of the standard ball (1) on the horizontal plane is achieved through two hand wheels for rotating the two-dimensional moving sliding table (9).
2. A standard ball fine-tuning device for a laser tracking measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: the elastic force of the compression spring (5) and the elastic force of the pull spring (11) are balanced, and the stability of the standard ball (1) in the vertical direction is kept; when the fine adjustment nut (3) is rotated clockwise, the stepped shaft (2) moves upwards relative to the fine adjustment nut (3); a pin (10) on the stepped shaft (2) tensions the pull spring (11) to extend the pull spring (11); the lower end surface of the fine adjustment nut (3) transmits the motion to the gasket (6), the gasket (6) transmits the motion to the compression spring (5) through the common linear bearing (4), and the compression spring (5) is compressed to shorten the compression spring (5); the increased elastic force of the extended pull spring (11) and the shortened compression spring (5) is the same, and the stability of the standard ball (1) in the vertical direction is maintained again in the process of realizing the upward movement of the standard ball (1); when the fine adjustment nut (3) is rotated anticlockwise, the stepped shaft (2) moves downwards relative to the fine adjustment nut (3); a pin (10) on the stepped shaft (2) loosens the pull spring (11) to shorten the pull spring (11); the pressure spring (5) is extended because the pressure from the common linear bearing (4) is reduced; when the compression spring (5) extends, the motion is transmitted to the common linear bearing (4), and the common linear bearing (4) transmits the motion to the gasket (6) below the fine adjustment nut (3); the reduced elastic force of the shortened pull spring (11) and the reduced elastic force of the lengthened compression spring (5) are the same, and the stability of the standard ball (1) in the vertical direction is maintained again in the process of realizing the downward movement of the standard ball (1).
3. A standard ball fine-tuning device for a laser tracking measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: in the process of screwing and unscrewing the fine adjustment nut (3), the stepped shaft (2) always keeps the mechanical balance of the pressure (21) of the compression spring, the tension (22) of the pull spring and the gravity (23) of the stepped shaft, as shown in a formula (1);
F1＝F2+G (1)
f1 represents a compression spring pressure (21), F2 represents a tension spring (22), and G represents a stepped shaft gravity (23);
according to Hooke's law (2), when the spring is elastically deformed, the elastic force F of the spring is in direct proportion to the extension or compression of the spring; wherein F represents spring force, k represents elastic coefficient, and Δ x represents elastic deformation;
F＝k·Δx (2)
therefore, the relationship between the elastic force change and the elastic deformation of the compression spring (5) and the tension spring (11) is shown as an equation (3); wherein, Δ F1Shows the change of the elastic force of the compression spring (5), delta F2Showing the change of the elastic force of the pull spring (11);
F1+ΔF1＝F2+ΔF2+G (3)
according to the formula (1) and the formula (3), the elastic force changes of the pressure spring (5) and the tension spring (11) are equal, and the elastic deformation changes of the pressure spring (5) and the tension spring (11) are also equal, such as the formula (4) and the formula (5); wherein k is1Showing compression springs (5)Coefficient of elasticity, k2Represents the elastic coefficient, Deltax, of the tension spring (11)1Indicates the change of the corresponding elastic deformation amount delta x in the elastic force change process of the pressure spring (5)2Showing the change of the corresponding elastic deformation amount in the elastic force change process of the pull spring (11);
ΔF1＝ΔF2(4)
k1·Δx1＝k2·Δx2(5)
when the standard ball (1) is finely adjusted in the vertical direction, in order to enable the standard ball (1) to linearly move accurately and stably, the deformation amounts of the compression spring (5) and the tension spring (11) are kept consistent, so that the elastic coefficients of the compression spring (5) and the tension spring (11) are required to be the same.
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| CN110597300B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2022-03-29 | 北京工业大学 | Counterweight calculation method for pitching module of laser tracking measurement system |
| CN110186373B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-11-20 | 北京工业大学 | Laser tracking measurement system with counterweight balance and standard ball as reflection device |
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| JP5250286B2 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2013-07-31 | 株式会社ミツトヨ | Tracking laser interferometer |
| CN201687451U (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2010-12-29 | 董力维 | Adjustable current flow blanking plug |
| CN203163655U (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-08-28 | 成都发动机（集团）有限公司 | Measuring apparatus of meshing clearance under bevel gear pair load of airplane center transmission casing |
| WO2014183198A1 (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2014-11-20 | Magna Closures Inc. | Closure panel counterbalance mechanism with friction device |
| CN204439336U (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-07-01 | 南京理工大学 | Linear rolling guide carrying is to manual charging mechanism |
| CN106052556B (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2018-07-13 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of three coordinate measuring machine spatial domain coordinates compensation method |
| CN205851234U (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2017-01-04 | 中山松德新材料装备有限公司 | A kind of roller space fine-adjusting mechanism of coating machine |
| CN106643505B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2019-10-08 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of verifying laser traces measuring system standard spherical reflector reduction shafting runout error method |
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