CN108213408B - Method for preparing porous metal part with complex structure by using 3D printing technology - Google Patents
Method for preparing porous metal part with complex structure by using 3D printing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN108213408B CN108213408B CN201810025031.0A CN201810025031A CN108213408B CN 108213408 B CN108213408 B CN 108213408B CN 201810025031 A CN201810025031 A CN 201810025031A CN 108213408 B CN108213408 B CN 108213408B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/105—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing inorganic lubricating or binding agents, e.g. metal salts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
- B22F3/1134—Inorganic fillers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a porous metal part with a complex structure by using a 3D printing technology, and belongs to the technical field of 3D printing material design. The invention mixes a certain amount of water-soluble binder into the raw material powder; then preparing a blank body through 3D printing; finally, the porous material is prepared by dissolving the water-soluble binder. The obtained product has controllable porosity and high through porosity; and under the condition of the same porosity, the performance of the obtained product is far superior to that of the existing product. The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, low production cost and excellent performance of the obtained product; is convenient for large-scale industrial application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a porous metal part with a complex structure by using a 3D printing technology, and belongs to the technical field of 3D printing material design.
Background
In recent years, with the demands of various fields on green materials such as environmental protection, cleanness, high efficiency, energy conservation and the like, new materials and new technologies are continuously generated, the development and the application of metal porous materials are increasingly concerned by people, and the application field of the metal porous materials is continuously expanded. The metal porous (foam metal) material is a novel engineering material which is developed rapidly in the late 20 th century 80 s internationally, consists of a rigid framework and internal holes and has excellent physical properties and good mechanical properties. The composite material has excellent physical properties such as small density, large rigidity, large specific surface area, good energy absorption and vibration reduction performance, good noise reduction effect and high electromagnetic shielding performance, so that the application field of the composite material is expanded to the fields of aviation, electronics, medical materials, biochemistry and the like. The metal porous material of the through hole also has the advantages of strong heat exchange and radiation capability, good permeability, high thermal conductivity and the like; while the physical properties of a closed-cell metallic porous material are opposite to those of a through-hole. With the development of modern industry, the metal porous material presents the scenes of strong functionality, wide application range, continuous emergence of new varieties and continuous expansion of use space, and is widely applied to the aspects of filtration and separation, heat exchange, catalysis carriers in the chemical industry, sound absorption, noise reduction and silencing, fluid flow control, electrode substrates, biological materials and the like as a functional material; the material can be widely applied to the automobile industry, the building decoration, the aerospace industry, the electromagnetic shielding and the like as a structural material. The titanium and titanium alloy porous material has good compatibility with human tissues and is harmless to human bodies, so that the titanium and titanium alloy porous material is widely applied to artificial bones, dental prostheses, artificial joints and the like, the elastic modulus of the porous artificial bones can be adjusted through the porosity, the porous artificial bones can be well compatible with human bones, and meanwhile, the titanium alloy porous material has a good vibration damping effect, and the titanium alloy is a preferred material for medical internal implantation products such as artificial joints, dental implants, artificial heart valves, interventional cardiovascular stents and the like at present. For example, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy widely used in biomedical field is easy to generate stress shielding phenomenon due to higher elastic modulus, thereby causing bone absorption around the implant and implant loosening to cause implant failure, so researchers at home and abroad are all engaged in studying how to properly adjust porosity to reduce elastic modulus of titanium alloy, and development of low-modulus high-strength titanium alloy has become a research hotspot in biomedical material field.
On the other hand, in the related fields of medical, aviation, energy, environmental protection, electronics, biochemistry, chemical industry and the like, the demand for personalized and customized porous products or parts is increasing. For example, bone defects of tumor patients, malformed patients, revision patients, etc. have different characteristics, and different patients must adopt personalized treatment means to tailor the porous implant. However, titanium alloys are very prone to oxygen and nitrogen absorption during melting and casting and hot working due to their low thermal conductivity and strong chemical affinity, resulting in a drastic decrease in performance. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a titanium alloy structural member of a complicated structure using the conventional machining method. The high die cost makes the cost for preparing titanium alloy personalized customized medical implants more expensive. The additive manufacturing technology (selective laser melting) which is rapidly developed in the last decade has become the best solution for determining personalized and customized titanium alloy medical products, and is widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad.
In addition, various preparation methods are proposed in order to obtain porous metal materials with different properties, but the conventional preparation techniques of the porous metal materials are mainly classified into a solid metal sintering method (such as a powder metallurgy method for preparing the sintered porous metal materials), a liquid metal solidification method (such as a casting method and a melt foaming method for preparing the foamed metal), a metal deposition method (such as a sputtering method and a reactive deposition method for preparing the foamed metal), and a 3D printing method. Wherein, other than 3D printing techniques, complex structures cannot be prepared by other techniques. Although the 3D printing technology can customize a finished product with a complex structure, the current 3D printing method generally directly prepares a porous metal material by controlling laser power and powder laying parameters or removes a pore-forming agent and/or a binder by sintering when adding the pore-forming agent and/or the binder and performing 3D printing to obtain the porous metal material. Although the 3D printing technology can customize a finished product with a complex structure, the technology of removing the pore-forming agent and/or the binder by sintering during 3D printing by adding the pore-forming agent and/or the binder to obtain the porous metal material has the following disadvantages:
1. the introduced amount of the pore-forming agent and/or the binder is too small, and is generally not more than 4 wt% of the raw material powder; this is detrimental to the preparation of a finished product with large porosity;
2. the introduced pore former and/or binder typically decompose upon 3D printing. During printing, the decomposition of the pore former and/or binder, while facilitating pore formation, also results in a substantial attenuation of the mechanical properties of the resulting product.
3. The through-hole rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention tries to mix a certain amount of water-soluble binder into the raw material powder; then preparing a blank body through 3D printing; finally, the porous material is prepared by dissolving the water-soluble binder. The obtained product has controllable porosity and high through porosity; and under the condition of the same porosity, the performance of the obtained product is far superior to that of the existing product.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a porous metal part with a complex structure by using a 3D printing technology; the method comprises the following steps:
step one
Uniformly mixing the component A and the water-soluble binder B according to the distribution of a design group to obtain a raw material; the melting point of the component A is A1, and the boiling point of the water-soluble binder is B1; in the raw materials, the mass percentage of the component A is 10-90%, and the balance is water-soluble binder B; the particle size of the component A is less than 200 microns, and the particle size of the water-soluble binder B is less than 600 microns; the component A is insoluble in the solution C and does not react with the solution C, and the water-soluble binder B is dissolved in the solution C or reacts with the solution C to generate a product dissolved in the solution C; the melting point A1 is less than the boiling point B1.
Step two
Processing raw materials by adopting a selective laser melting 3D printing technology or an electron beam melting 3D printing technology according to a set macro structure; obtaining a blank body; controlling the temperature of a contact point of a laser beam or an electron beam and the raw material to be T during printing; the T is greater than or equal to A1 and less than B1;
step three
And (5) placing the blank obtained in the step two in the solution C, dissolving out the water-soluble binder B, and drying to obtain the porous material.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a porous metal part with a complex structure by using a 3D printing technology; the component A is metal powder. The metal powder contains at least one element selected from magnesium, aluminum, titanium, iron, nickel, copper, manganese, calcium, strontium, barium, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, gold, silver, antimony, cadmium, bismuth, palladium, beryllium, lithium, indium, thallium, germanium, lanthanum, cerium, germanium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, ytterbium and yttrium. Preferably one of aluminum silicon alloy, titanium alloy and copper nickel tin alloy.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a porous metal part with a complex structure by using a 3D printing technology; the water-soluble binder B does not decompose during 3D printing.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a porous metal part with a complex structure by using a 3D printing technology; the water-soluble binder B is at least one selected from halide, silicate, carbonate, borate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, alkali metal salt, nitrite and potassium-sodium salt. The halide is preferably chloride. Further preferred are sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a porous metal part with a complex structure by using a 3D printing technology; the solution C is water or an organic solution containing water.
As a preferred scheme, the invention relates to a method for preparing a porous metal part with a complex structure by using a 3D printing technology; the particle size of the component A is 1-200 microns, and the particle size of the binder B is 0.001-600 microns, and more preferably 0.001-200 microns.
As a further preferable aspect, the present invention is a method for manufacturing a porous metal part having a complex structure using a 3D printing technique; uniformly mixing the component A and the binder B which are prepared according to the design proportion by ball milling; during ball milling, the ball milling speed is controlled to be 10-500 r/min, the ball milling time is 1-300 hours, and 10-24 hours is preferred. When powder of elemental metal is used as a raw material, alloy powder with uniform components and spare powder mixed uniformly can be obtained by mechanical alloying.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a porous metal part with a complex structure by using a 3D printing technology, wherein the condition parameters of laser melting 3D printing are as follows:
the diameter of the laser beam spot is 30-100 micrometers, preferably 40-100 micrometers, and further preferably 50-80 micrometers;
the laser energy range is 80-450W, preferably 200-450W, and more preferably 300-450W;
the scanning distance is 20-500 micrometers, preferably 50-300 micrometers, and further preferably 80-200 micrometers;
the laser scanning speed is 0.1-6 m/s, preferably 0.2-4 m/s, and more preferably 0.2-2 m/s;
the single-layer powder spreading thickness is 20-100 micrometers, preferably 20-80 micrometers, and further preferably 20-50 micrometers.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a porous metal part with a complex structure by using a 3D printing technology, wherein the condition parameters of electron beam melting 3D printing are as follows:
the powder preheating temperature is 500-750 ℃, preferably 550-700 ℃, and further preferably 600-660 ℃;
the diameter of the beam spot of the electron beam is 50-500 micrometers, preferably 50-200 micrometers, and further preferably 80-150 micrometers;
the scanning current is 1-10 mA, preferably 2-8 mA, more preferably 2-6 mA, and still more preferably 3-4 mA;
the scanning speed is 0.5-1.5 m/s, preferably 0.8-1 m/s;
the single-layer powder spreading thickness is 30-500 micrometers, preferably 50-400 micrometers, and further preferably 50-200 micrometers.
In the invention, when the laser energy range is selected, the temperature of the contact point of the laser beam and the raw material is T; the T is greater than or equal to melting point A1 and less than boiling point B1. In the present invention, it is impossible to equalize the thermal expansion coefficients of component A and component B, and in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the two is within a certain range; when the coefficients of thermal expansion of component A and component B are not equal, the formation of microcracks is favored; the formation of micro-cracks facilitates subsequent leaching. This ensures that the adhesive is completely leached; at the same time, it is ensured that the porosity of the product can be kept above a high value. In the invention, the size and the number of the generated fine cracks are far smaller than the number and the size of cracks generated in a finished product due to the decomposition of the pore-forming agent in the 3D printing process; this is one of the reasons why the mechanical properties of the product obtained according to the invention are superior to those of the same type of product with the same porosity.
In the drying treatment scheme, the drying temperature is 0-500 ℃, and the drying time is less than 100 hours, preferably 1-180 minutes.
The porous material raw material developed by the invention is directly formed by 3D printing, so that the porosity range of the material is wide, and the porosity of the product can reach 90 percent at most.
As a preferred embodiment; the invention relates to a method for preparing a porous metal part with a complex structure by using a 3D printing technology; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1
Uniformly mixing AlSi12 powder and sodium chloride powder according to the distribution of a design group to obtain a raw material; in the raw materials, the mass percentage of the AlSi12 powder is 10-90%, and the balance is sodium chloride; the particle size of the AlSi12 powder is 38-48 microns, and the particle size of the sodium chloride is 38-53 microns;
step 2
Processing raw materials by adopting a selective laser melting 3D printing technology according to a set macroscopic structure; obtaining a blank body; when in printing, a laser beam spot with the diameter of 30 microns, laser energy of 300W, a scanning speed of 0.4m/s, a scanning interval of 100 microns and the thickness of a single-layer powder laying layer of 30 microns are selected;
step 3
And (3) placing the blank obtained in the step (2) into an aqueous solution, dissolving out the binder, and drying to obtain the porous material.
When the raw materials contain 95% of AlSi12 powder by mass and the balance of sodium chloride; the strength of the obtained porous material is 345MPa, and the porosity is 5.7%. By this treatment, a product with high strength and moderate porosity is obtained.
As a preferred embodiment; the invention relates to a method for preparing a porous metal part with a complex structure by using a 3D printing technology; the method comprises the following steps:
step i
According to the mass ratio; copper powder: nickel powder: tin powder: zinc powder: sodium chloride powder 15.1: 3.1: 1.56: 0.24: 1;
preparing copper powder with the granularity of 25-60 microns, nickel powder with the granularity of 15-60 microns, tin powder with the granularity of 15-50 microns, zinc powder with the granularity of 20-50 microns and sodium chloride powder with the granularity of 38-53 microns; adding the prepared powder into a ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 12 hours at the rotating speed of 60rpm under the protective atmosphere to obtain powder with the oxygen content of 0.5 wt%;
step ii
Processing raw materials by adopting a selective laser melting 3D printing technology according to a set macroscopic structure; obtaining a blank body; when in printing, a laser beam spot with the diameter of 30 microns, laser energy of 340W, a scanning speed of 0.4m/s, a scanning interval of 100 microns and the thickness of a single-layer powder laying layer of 30 microns are selected;
step iii
And (3) at room temperature, placing the obtained blank into water, dissolving for 10 minutes, and then drying for 20 minutes at the temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain the porous material. The porous material is a copper-nickel-tin alloy member, the strength of the porous material is 700MPa, and the porosity of the porous material is 15.8%.
The application of the porous material prepared by the invention comprises the step of preparing the porous material raw material into medical, aviation, energy, environmental protection, electronics, biochemistry and chemical industry application porous materials such as medical implants and the like through 3D printing.
The invention is directly formed by 3D printing, avoids the use of a mould, and can also prepare medical, aviation, energy, environment-friendly, electronic, biochemical and chemical industry-applied porous materials with complex and precise structures, such as medical implants and the like. Because the porous material can be directly formed by 3D printing, the manufacturing cost of the porous material applied to medical, aviation, energy, environmental protection, electronics, biochemistry and chemical industries such as medical implants and the like is reduced to a great extent.
In a word, the invention obtains the medical, aviation, energy, environmental protection, electronics, biochemistry and chemical industry application porous materials such as medical implants with simple and convenient process, low cost and excellent performance by perfectly matching the raw material components with the preparation process under the synergistic action of all condition parameters.
According to the invention, the water-soluble binder is introduced in the burdening process, when laser 3D printing is carried out, the blank body is molded by controlling the temperature of a contact point of a laser beam and a raw material, and then the water-soluble binder B is leached out, so that the porosity is controllable and the through-hole rate is high; meanwhile, when the porosity is 4-6%, the strength of the product obtained by the method is far higher than that of the existing product.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1:
in example 1, the particle size of commercial AlSi12 powder was 38 to 48 microns, D50 was 42 microns, and the particle size of commercial sodium chloride powder was 38 to 53 microns, D50 was 45 microns.
The method comprises the steps of taking commercial AlSi12 powder and commercial sodium chloride powder as raw materials, weighing 19kg of commercial AlSi12 powder and 1kg of commercial sodium chloride powder, adding zirconia balls, and carrying out ball milling in a roller ball mill at the rotating speed of 60rpm for 12 hours to obtain powder with the oxygen content of 0.5 wt%. And then placing the ball-milled powder in a powder supply cylinder of selective laser melting equipment produced by the Hippocrate Hua, selecting a laser beam spot with the diameter of 30 microns, laser energy of 300W, a scanning speed of 0.4m/s, a scanning interval of 100 microns and the thickness of a single-layer powder laying layer of 30 microns, and carrying out laser melting on the aluminum-silicon alloy in the protective atmosphere of argon. After the laser processing is finished, the sample is placed in water at room temperature for dissolving for 10 minutes, then is dried at 120 ℃ for 20 minutes, and is subjected to sand blasting and necessary grinding, so that the required personalized aluminum-silicon alloy member is obtained. The strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy member is 345MPa, and the porosity is 5.7%.
Example 2:
in example 2, the particle size of the commercial copper powder is 25-60 microns, the particle size of D50 is 45 microns, the particle size of the commercial nickel powder is 15-60 microns, the particle size of D50 is 35 microns, the particle size of the commercial tin powder is 15-50 microns, the particle size of D50 is 40 microns, the particle size of the commercial zinc powder is 20-50 microns, the particle size of D50 is 35 microns, the particle size of the commercial sodium chloride powder is 38-53 microns, and the particle size of D50 is 45 microns.
The method comprises the steps of taking commercial copper powder, commercial nickel powder, commercial tin powder, commercial zinc powder and commercial sodium chloride powder as raw materials, weighing 15.1kg of copper powder, 3.1kg of nickel powder, 1.56kg of tin powder, 0.24kg of zinc powder and 1kg of commercial sodium chloride powder, adding zirconia balls, and carrying out ball milling in a roller ball mill at the rotating speed of 60rpm for 12 hours to obtain powder with the oxygen content of 0.5 wt%. And then placing the ball-milled powder in a powder supply cylinder of selective laser melting equipment produced by the Hippocrate Hua, selecting a laser beam spot with the diameter of 30 microns, laser energy of 340W, a scanning speed of 0.4m/s, a scanning interval of 100 microns and the thickness of a single-layer powder laying layer of 30 microns, and carrying out laser melting on the copper-nickel-tin alloy in the protective atmosphere of argon. After the laser processing is finished, the sample is cut from the substrate by using a linear cutting device, is dissolved in water at room temperature for 10 minutes, is dried at 120 ℃ for 20 minutes, and is subjected to sand blasting treatment and necessary grinding, so that the required personalized copper-nickel-tin alloy component is obtained. The strength of the copper-nickel-tin alloy member is 700MPa, and the porosity of the copper-nickel-tin alloy member is 15.8%.
Comparative example 1:
the particle size range of the commercial AlSi12 powder in example 1 was 38-48 microns, and D50 was 42 microns.
Commercial AlSi12 powder is used as a raw material, 20kg of commercial AlSi12 powder is weighed, zirconia balls are added, and the powder is ball-milled in a roller ball mill at the rotating speed of 60rpm for 12 hours to obtain the powder with the oxygen content of 0.5 wt%. And then placing the ball-milled powder in a powder supply cylinder of selective laser melting equipment produced by the Hippocrate Hua, selecting a laser beam spot with the diameter of 30 microns, laser energy of 300W, a scanning speed of 0.4m/s, a scanning interval of 100 microns and the thickness of a single-layer powder-laying layer of 30 microns, and carrying out laser deposition on the aluminum-silicon alloy in the protective atmosphere of argon. After the laser processing is finished, the sample is placed in water at room temperature for dissolving for 10 minutes, then is dried at 120 ℃ for 20 minutes, and is subjected to sand blasting and necessary grinding, so that the required personalized aluminum-silicon alloy member is obtained. The strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy member is 350MPa, and the porosity is 0.1%.
The porosity of the alloy formed by 3D printing is low due to no addition of sodium chloride powder.
Comparative example 2:
in example 1, the particle size of commercial AlSi12 powder was 38 to 48 microns, D50 was 42 microns, and the particle size of commercial sodium chloride powder was 38 to 53 microns, D50 was 45 microns.
The method comprises the steps of taking commercial AlSi12 powder and commercial sodium chloride powder as raw materials, weighing 19kg of commercial AlSi12 powder and 1kg of commercial sodium chloride powder, adding zirconia balls, and carrying out ball milling in a roller ball mill at the rotating speed of 60rpm for 12 hours to obtain powder with the oxygen content of 0.5 wt%. And then placing the ball-milled powder in a powder supply cylinder of selective laser melting equipment produced by the Hippocrate Hua, selecting a laser beam spot with the diameter of 30 microns, laser energy of 30W, a scanning speed of 0.4m/s, a scanning interval of 100 microns and the thickness of a single-layer powder-laying layer of 30 microns, and carrying out laser deposition on the aluminum-silicon alloy in the protective atmosphere of argon. After the laser processing is finished, the sample is placed in water at room temperature for dissolving for 10 minutes, then is dried at 120 ℃ for 20 minutes, and is subjected to sand blasting and necessary grinding, so that the required personalized aluminum-silicon alloy member is obtained. The strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy member is 80MPa, and the porosity is 8.7%.
The laser energy used is outside the scope of the present invention, resulting in poor performance of the 3D printed alloy.
Comparative example 3:
the other conditions were the same as in example 1 except that a laser energy of 500W was used; the experiment failed due to the temperature being too high, far above the boiling point of sodium chloride.
Comparative example 4:
other conditions were otherwise uniform and example 2 was consistent; except that sodium chloride is not added; the strength of the obtained product is 750MPa, and the porosity is 0.1%.
It can be seen from comparative example 1 and example 1, and from comparative example 4 and example 2 that the product of the present invention achieves a perfect match of porosity and mechanical strength.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, the particle size range of the commercial copper powder is 50-110 microns, the particle size range of the D50 is 80 microns, the particle size range of the commercial nickel powder is 15-80 microns, the particle size range of the D50 is 55 microns, the particle size range of the commercial tin powder is 15-90 microns, the particle size range of the D50 is 60 microns, the particle size range of the commercial zinc powder is 30-90 microns, and the particle size range of the D50 is 70 microns.
The method comprises the steps of taking commercial copper powder, commercial nickel powder, commercial tin powder, commercial zinc powder and commercial sodium chloride powder as raw materials, weighing 15.1kg of copper powder, 3.1kg of nickel powder, 1.56kg of tin powder, 0.24kg of zinc powder and 1kg of commercial sodium chloride powder, adding zirconia balls, and carrying out ball milling in a roller ball mill at the rotating speed of 70rpm for 10 hours to obtain powder with the oxygen content of 0.9 wt%. Then the ball-milled powder is placed in electron beam melting equipment produced by the Siemens. Preheating the powder to 660 deg.C, selecting 120 micrometer electron beam spot, 3mA scanning current, 1m/s scanning speed, and 120 micrometer monolayer powder layer thickness, and spreading at 10 deg.C-4Melting the alloy under vacuum condition of Pa. Finally, the sample is cut from the substrate by using a wire cutting device, and is subjected to sand blasting and necessary grinding, so that the required copper-nickel-tin alloy component is obtained.The strength of the copper-nickel-tin alloy member is 710MPa, and the porosity is 16.1%.
Example 4:
in this embodiment, the particle size range of the commercial copper powder is 50-110 microns, the particle size range of the D50 is 80 microns, the particle size range of the commercial nickel powder is 15-80 microns, the particle size range of the D50 is 55 microns, the particle size range of the commercial tin powder is 15-90 microns, the particle size range of the D50 is 60 microns, the particle size range of the commercial zinc powder is 30-90 microns, and the particle size range of the D50 is 70 microns.
The method comprises the steps of taking commercial copper powder, commercial nickel powder, commercial tin powder, commercial zinc powder and commercial sodium chloride powder as raw materials, weighing 15.1kg of copper powder, 3.1kg of nickel powder, 1.56kg of tin powder, 0.24kg of zinc powder and 4kg of commercial sodium chloride powder, adding zirconia balls, and carrying out ball milling in a roller ball mill at the rotating speed of 70rpm for 10 hours to obtain powder with the oxygen content of 0.9 wt%. Then the ball-milled powder is placed in electron beam melting equipment produced by the Siemens. Preheating the powder to 660 deg.C, selecting 120 micrometer electron beam spot, 3mA scanning current, 1m/s scanning speed, and 120 micrometer monolayer powder layer thickness, and spreading at 10 deg.C-4Melting the alloy under vacuum condition of Pa. Finally, the sample is cut from the substrate by using a wire cutting device, and is subjected to sand blasting and necessary grinding, so that the required copper-nickel-tin alloy component is obtained. The strength of the copper-nickel-tin alloy member is 515MPa, and the porosity is 43.6%.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a porous metal part with a complex structure by using a 3D printing technology; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one
Uniformly mixing the component A and the water-soluble binder B according to the design group distribution to obtain a raw material; the melting point of the component A is A1, and the boiling point of the water-soluble binder is B1; in the raw materials, the mass percentage of the component A is 10-90%, and the balance is water-soluble binder B; the particle size of the component A is less than 200 microns, and the particle size of the water-soluble binder B is less than 600 microns; the component A is insoluble in the solution C and does not react with the solution C, and the water-soluble binder B is dissolved in the solution C or reacts with the solution C to generate a product dissolved in the solution C; the melting point A1 is less than the boiling point B1;
the component A is metal powder;
the water-soluble binder B is not decomposed during 3D printing;
step two
Processing raw materials by adopting a selective laser melting 3D printing technology or an electron beam melting 3D printing technology according to a set macro structure; obtaining a blank body; controlling the temperature of a contact point of a laser beam or an electron beam and the raw material to be T during printing; the T is greater than or equal to A1 and less than B1;
the condition parameters of laser melting 3D printing are as follows:
the diameter of a laser beam spot is 30-100 microns;
the laser energy range is 80-450W;
the scanning distance is 20-500 microns;
the laser scanning speed is 0.1-6 m/s;
the single-layer powder spreading thickness is 20-100 microns;
the condition parameters of the electron beam melting 3D printing are as follows:
the powder preheating temperature is 500-750 ℃;
the diameter of the beam spot of the electron beam is 50-500 microns;
scanning current is 1-10 mA;
the scanning speed is 0.5-1.5 m/s;
the single-layer powder spreading thickness is 30-500 microns;
step three
And (5) placing the blank obtained in the step two in the solution C, dissolving out the water-soluble binder B, and drying to obtain the porous metal part with the complex structure.
2. A method of making a porous metal part with a complex structure using 3D printing techniques according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: the metal powder contains at least one element selected from magnesium, aluminum, titanium, iron, nickel, copper, manganese, calcium, strontium, barium, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, gold, silver, antimony, cadmium, bismuth, palladium, beryllium, lithium, indium, thallium, germanium, lanthanum, cerium, germanium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, ytterbium and yttrium.
3. A method of making a porous metal part with a complex structure using 3D printing techniques according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: the water-soluble binder B is at least one selected from halide, silicate, carbonate, borate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, alkali metal salt, nitrite and potassium-sodium salt.
4. A method of making a porous metal part with a complex structure using 3D printing techniques according to claim 3; the method is characterized in that: the halide is chloride.
5. A method of making a porous metal part with a complex structure using 3D printing techniques according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: the solution C is water or an organic solution containing water.
6. A method of making a porous metal part with a complex structure using 3D printing techniques according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: the granularity of the component A is 1-200 microns, and the granularity of the binder B is 0.001-600 microns.
7. A method of making a porous metal part with a complex structure using 3D printing techniques according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: uniformly mixing the component A and the water-soluble binder B which are distributed according to the design group by ball milling; during ball milling, the ball milling speed is controlled to be 10-500 r/min, and the ball milling time is controlled to be 1-300 hours.
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| CN114749659B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2023-05-16 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing secondary porous tantalum metal part by 3D printing |
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