CN108212574A - 在待涂布表面涂布涂料的涂布头和包括涂布头的涂布*** - Google Patents
在待涂布表面涂布涂料的涂布头和包括涂布头的涂布*** Download PDFInfo
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- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/03—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying
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- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
- B05B1/16—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets
- B05B1/169—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets having three or more selectively effective outlets
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- B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在待涂布表面涂布涂料的涂布头和包括涂布头的涂布***。该涂布头(6)用于在待涂布表面(S)上涂布涂料产品且包括至少两个用于涂料产品的喷嘴(60),每个该喷嘴均适于通过同时生成直径小于所述喷嘴(60)的喷出孔的直径(D)的多个液滴,以气溶胶流(61)的形式喷涂所述涂料产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在待涂布表面上涂布涂料产品的涂布头。本发明还涉及一种在待涂布表面上涂布涂料产品的涂布***,该***包括所述涂布头。
背景技术
在工业涂漆领域,已知有用于将油漆等涂料产品沉积于机械部件等的待涂布表面上的涂布***。
举例而言,已知可用转筒式喷雾器或气动喷枪以宽的气溶胶滴流的形式或气溶胶的形式喷涂油漆。这些技术可对面积较大的表面进行高速涂布,以适应汽车等工业的生产线的生产节奏。
然而,对于需要以高精度涂布油漆,尤其需要在待涂布表面的正确位置上涂布油漆的某些应用,上述已知技术不能令人完全满意。
具体而言,这些技术不能在油漆液滴的涂布部位进行很好的控制。涂料产品在待涂布表面目标区域的涂布伴随有溢出目标区域之外的“过喷”这一不希望发生的现象。据估计,这些技术的转换率(或称沉积收率,定义为沉积于目标区域的油漆量与喷出的油漆量的之比)不超过80%。这表示,多达20%的油漆被沉积于目标区域之外。
发明内容
更具体而言,本发明的目的在于通过在待涂布表面涂布涂料产品的涂布头而解决上述缺点,该涂布头可以以高于现有技术的涂布精度在大面积的表面上对涂料产品进行大量及高沉积产率的涂布。
为此目的,本发明涉及一种在待涂布表面涂布涂料产品的涂布头,该涂布头包括至少两个用于涂料产品的喷嘴,每个该喷嘴均适于通过同时生成直径小于所述喷嘴的喷出孔的直径的多个液滴,以气溶胶流的形式喷涂所述涂料产品。
通过本发明,可将均能产生涂料产品的气溶胶流的多个喷嘴进行组合,以使得该涂布头能够在所述待涂布表面上沉积足够宽的涂料产品的条状带。此外,与单个大的气溶胶流的方式相比,产生多个小的气溶胶流的方式可减少被无意间沉积至目标区域之外的表面上的涂料产品。与相互融合的所述气溶胶流一样,每个气溶胶流内的未受控制的液滴也与相邻气溶胶流内的液滴相融,从而大大提高涂布产率。
根据本发明的有利可选方面,上述涂布头可包括以下的一个或多个特征,这些特征既可作为单独特征,也可在技术上允许的情况下任意组合:
所述喷嘴以介于0.1cm和2cm之间的距离被两两隔开,从而使得所述气溶胶流在所述待涂布表面处相互接触;
所述喷嘴设置为使得由这些喷嘴产生的气溶胶流之间在所述待涂布表面处产生重叠,优选地,两个直接相邻的喷嘴所产生的气溶胶流的重叠率大于或等于5%,,或大致等于50%,或大致等于66%;
每个喷嘴的喷出孔的直径大于或等于100μm;
所述喷嘴设置为使得所产生的两两气溶胶流至少部分重叠,以在所述待涂布的表面处形成宽度大于20mm的复合气溶胶流;
所述涂布头包括独立于上述喷嘴的一个或多个额外喷嘴,该额外喷嘴适于生成涂料产品的逐滴流;
所述额外喷嘴设置于所述涂布头的至少一个侧向边缘上,和/或与上述喷嘴相邻;
所述额外喷嘴的喷出孔的直径小于上述喷嘴的喷出孔的直径;
所述额外喷嘴由独立于上述喷嘴的供应回路的辅助供应回路供应,从而实现对不同于上述喷嘴所喷涂的涂料产品的额外涂料产品的喷涂;
所述喷嘴以行和/或列形式彼此对齐;
所述涂布头包括用于对所喷涂的涂料产品进行引导的空气流施加装置,该装置包括适于向至少部分所述气溶胶流周围喷射引导气流的排气孔;
所述涂布头包括用于对由至少部分所述喷嘴所喷射的气溶胶流进行侧向限制的可移除或可伸缩的罩体;
所述涂布头包括至少一个适于在由所述喷嘴所喷射的气溶胶流上施加电场的电极,且所述待涂布表面连接至所述***的电接地端;
所述罩体由导电材料制成且适于被连接至电极化电路以用来对该罩体进行电极化,且所述涂料产品预先以相反的极性被电极化。
根据另一方面,本发明涉及一种在待涂布表面上涂布涂料产品的涂布***,该***包括多轴工业机器人,所述多轴工业机器人具有铰接臂以及固定于该铰接臂上的用于涂料产品的涂布头,该涂布头为上述本发明涂布头。
最后,本发明的有利可选方面,上述***可包括以下的一个或多个特征,这些特征既可作为单独特征,也可在技术上允许的情况下任意组合:
该***适用于所述涂布头和所述待涂布表面之间的距离小于200mm,优选地介于5mm和50mm之间,更优选地介于10mm和30mm之间。
所述涂布头通过磁性紧固装置以可拆卸的方式固定于所述铰接臂上。
附图说明
根据以下对上述涂布头和涂布***的一种实施方式的描述,本发明将更加易于理解,而且其优点将变得更加清楚,该描述仅以非限制性的例示方式给出,而且参考如下附图,附图中:
图1为在待涂布表面涂布涂料产品的涂布***的示意图,该涂布***包括根据本发明的涂布头;
图2为图1所示涂布头沿与该涂布头移动方向垂直的截面的简化示意图;
图3为所述涂布头下表面的示意图,用于展示所述涂料产品喷嘴的位置;
图4为图2所示涂布头的示意图,其中,所述喷嘴当中的一个处于关闭状态;
图5为本发明涂布头的另一实施方式的下表面示意图,用于展示喷嘴和额外喷嘴的设置方式;
图6为图5所示涂布头的截面示意图;
图7为本发明的包括引导罩体的涂布头的另一实施方式的侧面示意图;
图8为本发明的包括涂料产品的空气引导装置的涂布头的另一实施方式的截面示意图;
图9为本发明涂布头的另一实施方式的示意图,其中,所述***包括涂料产品的静电引导***。
具体实施方式
图1所示为涂料产品的涂布***1,该涂料产品例如为液体形式。***1包括设有电子控制单元20的多轴工业机器人2,铰接臂4以及固定于该铰接臂4一端的用于涂布涂料产品的涂布头6。
***1用于利用涂布头6在待涂布表面S上涂布涂料产品。在本例中,表面S为安装于支承体10上的机械部件8的外表面。支承装置10例如为传送带。
在本文中,部件8为金属车身部件等的汽车部件。所述涂料产品为待涂布于部件8上的底漆等的液体工业漆。
或者,所述涂料产品也可为其他产品。举例而言,其可以为清漆,粘合剂或油灰。类似地,***1可用于除汽车工业之外的其他应用,如航空工业或塑料部件涂敷应用。
具体而言,***1用于通过铰接臂4使涂布头6相对于表面S沿预定轨迹移动。例如,铰接臂4设有由控制单元20根据移动程序控制的电机(未图示)。
有利地,涂布头6由可被控制单元20控制的磁性紧固装置40以可移除的方式固定。例如,铰接臂4设有可由控制单元20控制的电磁铁。涂布头6设有用于与所述电磁铁配合的永磁体,所述电磁铁由铰接臂4支承。
因此,在所述涂料产品的涂布操作过程中,机器人2可选择性地自动更换涂布头6。举例而言,机器人2可根据部件8的形状,并因而根据表面S的尺寸,相继使用不同大小的涂布头,以更大或更小的宽度进行所述涂料产品的涂布。
为此目的,可选地,***1包括用于存储涂布头的涂布头仓12以及用于涂布头6的冲洗箱14。冲洗箱14可例如使用清洁溶液对涂布头进行清洁,以去除其使用后残留的涂布产品。
***1还包括涂料产品供应装置,该装置适于以合适的压力将所述涂料产品朝涂布头6输送。其中,该供应装置在图中以供应管41的方式示出,该供应管一方面连接于涂料产品存储槽,另一方面连接于涂布头6的供应口602。
根据一种变形实施方式,所述涂料产品可通过将分别提供于***1的第一组分和第二组分进行混合的方式获得。在此情形中,***1包括以流体相通方式连接于所述供应***的混合器42。在图1中,图示混合器42为连接于供应管41的上游。或者,该混合器42可纳入涂布头6中,如下所述,其可纳入涂布头6的供应回路600中。
涂布头6适于将来于自***1的所述供应装置的涂料产品喷涂于表面S上。如图2所示,涂布头6包括至少两个喷嘴60以用于喷涂所述涂料产品。每一喷嘴60均适于以气溶胶流61的形式喷涂所述涂料产品。
在本文中,气溶胶流是指一系列主要以流的形式喷出的且悬浮于空中的涂料产品的液滴。在本实施例中,形成气溶胶流61的液滴以某一速度基本沿一轴线或传播方向喷涂。例如,该传播轴线(在此为竖直方向)设置为与喷嘴60的出口表面相垂直。或者,该传播轴线设置为相对于该表面形成非零的角度。涂布头6的朝向使得所述传播轴线与待涂布表面S相垂直。
气溶胶流61的液滴当中的至少一部分由喷嘴60同时生成。因此,具体而言,气溶胶流61与以一滴一滴相继生成涂料产品液滴的逐滴式(如“连续喷墨”式或“按需滴出”式)喷嘴所产生的涂料产品流不同。
举例而言,涂布头6包括壳体及设于该壳体内的供应回路600。回路600包括用于与供应管41连接的供应入口602以及允许所述涂料产品从入口602朝喷嘴60流动的多条通道603。其中,喷嘴60设于涂布头6的下表面且伸出该壳体之外。
举例而言,喷嘴60包括喷出孔及喷涂部件。该喷涂部件为微型气动喷枪,或转筒,或摆动式摆针,或泰勒锥(Taylor Cone)等类型的电子喷雾器。
附图标记“D”表示每个喷嘴60的喷出孔的直径,“d”表示属于气溶胶流61的涂料产品的液滴的直径。
其中,喷嘴60的喷出孔的直径D大于或等于100μm且小于或等于600μm。
涂料产品的液滴的直径d严格小于喷嘴60的喷出孔的直径。例如,所述液滴的直径d大于或等于1μm且小于或等于80μm,优选介于30μm和50μm之间。
优选地,此处所述的气溶胶流61的液滴的直径是指当该液滴在气溶胶流中以球体形状移动时被测量的直径。
在本例中,各喷嘴60彼此相同,因此具有相同的直径D。
涂布头6适于设在离所述待涂布表面的距离为H的位置。距离H小于或等于200mm,优选介于5mm和50mm之间,尤其优选介于10mm和30mm之间。
举例而言,在涂布头6的移动过程中,例如通过预设控制程序和/或根据位置传感器(未图示)所提供的涂布头6的位置数据编程控制单元20,使得涂布头6保持于距表面S的距离为H之处。
附图标记“l”表示每个气溶胶流61的沉积表面的最大直径。其中,喷嘴60设置为使得气溶胶流61在表面S上的沉积表面小于或等于10cm2,优选小于或等于5cm2。
喷嘴60被设置为使得由每个喷嘴60所形成的相应的气溶胶流61被融合(即相邻成对融合),从而在表面S上形成连续的复合气溶胶流。各气溶胶流61理论上彼此接触。举例而言,喷嘴60的各个几何中心以0.1cm~2cm的距离被相互分开。
通过这种方式,涂布头6可在表面S上以连续且均匀的条状带B涂布涂料产品。
在图示实施例中,成对的气溶胶流61相互间以非零方式重叠。其中,附图标记l-R表示两个相邻气溶胶流61之间的重叠距离,其中,该重叠距离例如为相邻各气溶胶流61的沿平行于表面S且连接相应气溶胶流61的各沉积表面的几何中心的直线延伸的边缘之间的距离。重叠率例如定义为距离l-R和l之间的比值。举例而言,所述重叠率大于或等于5%。或者,该重叠率大致上等于50%,或大致上等于66%,或大致上等于75%。其中,“大致上等于”是指具有10%的偏差。
在一种已知方式中,由各气溶胶流61分别沉积的漆层所形成的条状带B具有宽度等于上述直径l的梯形截面。该宽度是指所述具有梯形截面的层的梯形相对两斜边之间的高度中点处的宽度。
举例而言,当涂布头6设置为使得由两气溶胶流61所生成的具有梯形截面的层在其斜边的高度中点处相交时,所述重叠率等于5%。如此,可以以少许的形状不规则性为代价,通过一次沉积操作获得具有所需厚度的条状带B。
举例而言,当涂布头6设置为使得两气溶胶流61之间的距离l-R等于每个该气溶胶流61的宽度l的一半时,所述重叠率为50%。
然而,也可将所述重叠距离l-R设为零,从而使得重叠率为零。
如此,可使得喷嘴60所生成的气溶胶流61共同形成宽度为L(大于各气溶胶流61的宽度)的所谓复合气溶胶流。如上所述,所述重叠具体取决于涂布头6的喷嘴60的设置方式和间距以及所选距离H。其中,沿垂直于涂布头6的移动方向的几何平面测量宽度L。在表面S处,宽度L大于或等于20mm,优选大于或等于50mm。
通过这种方式,涂布头6可在比单个气溶胶流61的沉积表面更大的表面上沉积涂料产品的同时,不具有单个喷嘴***等的已知***的缺点。
优选地,如图3所示,喷嘴60沿一个或多个列和/或一个或多个行排列于涂布头6的下表面。所述列和行优选为直线的列和行。其中,各行平行于涂布头6的移动方向,而各列垂直于各行。
其中,如图所示,喷嘴60排列为四条相互平行的直线列以及五条相互平行且垂直于所述各列的行。各列标记为“6L”,各行标记为“6R”。
喷嘴60在各行6R内的设置可实现比宽度L更大的条状带B。喷嘴60在各列内的设置可实现增加沉积的条状带B的厚度。
喷嘴60还可按其他空间位置设置。举例而言,喷嘴60可在涂布头6的下表面设置为相互错开的各行,或设置为具有起伏的非直线的列或行。类似地,喷嘴60的数目也可有所变化。
有利地,如果喷嘴的尺寸60大至无法使得同一行或列内的喷嘴60之间的距离近至足以使气溶胶流61按所需方式重叠,则可将这些喷嘴60分别沿同一行或列相互错开设置。
通过本发明,可将均能产生涂料产品的气溶胶流61的多个喷嘴60进行组合,以使得涂布头6能够以令人满意的精度在表面S上沉积足够宽的涂料产品的条状带。与在距表面S较远处产生单个大的气溶胶流(即在表面S上的作用宽度大于100mm)的方式相比,在离表面S较小距离处产生多个小的气溶胶流61的方式可使得各个液滴在表面S上的沉积更加易于控制。如此,可减少不希望的沉积现象或“过喷”现象,并提高涂布效率。在大表面上沉积涂料产品的能力使得涂布头6可用于不能为涂料产品分配过长时间的快节奏的工业方法中。
有利地,每个喷嘴60可在打开状态和关闭状态之间选择性及可逆性地切换。在打开状态下,喷嘴60可在(此处,通过供应回路600)提供有涂料产品时形成气溶胶流61。在关闭状态下,即使经供应回路600供有涂料产品,喷嘴60也不能形成气溶胶流61。
为此目的,举例而言,每个喷嘴60还包括可在所述关闭状态和打开状态之间切换的可控阀601。可选地,阀601也可作为供应回路600的部件。
每个阀601可根据由电子控制电路63所发出的控制信号63-S在所述打开状态和关闭状态之间进行切换。在本实施例中,电路63插置于涂布头6内部,并可经数据链路(未图示)由控制单元20控制。可选地,电路63也可以其他方式设置。举例而言,电路63可设置于涂布头6的外部,例如容纳于控制单元20内。
举例而言,上述控制是通过实施预存于电路63或控制单元20内的可执行指令完成。
电路63适于对涂布头6的喷嘴60的阀601分别进行独立控制。如此,当喷嘴60按行和/或列设进行置时,电路63可命令同一行或列内的喷嘴60同时进入打开或关闭状态。
更为有利地,电路63被编程为以预设周期频率命令至少部分喷嘴60周期性地打开和关闭。此外,该预设频率可计算为涂布头6相对于表面S移动的参数的函数。
具体而言,当涂布头6沿表面S上方的弯曲路径相对于表面S移动时,涂布头6的近端(即最靠近该轨迹的曲线中心的一端)的运动速度小于涂布头6远端(即相反,位于距所述曲线中心最远的一端)的运动速度。在该情况下,必须对涂布头6所喷涂的涂料产品的量进行调节,以保证涂料产品在条状带B的整个宽度上的沉积的均匀性。具体而言,涂布头6必须被控制为使近端所沉积的涂料产品量小于远端所沉积的涂料产品量,以具体避免所述近端一侧的条状带B的厚度变得大于所述远端一侧的条状带B的厚度。
相应地,位于涂布头6近端的喷嘴60以上述周期频率相继打开和关闭,而设于远端的喷嘴60一直保持打开,以使得近端的涂料产品的沉积量小于远端涂料产品的沉积量。其中,所述周期频率为上述轨迹曲线半径的函数。
举例而言,通过控制单元20将所述运动参数提供于电路63,以作为涂布头6的运动定位点程序的函数以及/或者作为由运动传感器所测数据的函数。例如,所述运动参数包括每个喷嘴60相对于表面S的运动速度。
在图4中,喷嘴60当中的一个,即喷嘴60.1示为关闭状态。因此,该喷嘴60.1不生成任何气溶胶流61。附图标记L'表示此情况下的涂布头6所形成的复合气溶胶流的宽度。宽度L'严格小于宽度L,从而使得涂布头6所沉积的产品条状带B'的宽度小于条状带B的宽度。
图5和图6所示为涂布头6的第二实施方式。本实施方式当中的与第一实施方式相似的涂布头的元件则采用相同的附图标记,并且可最大程度的将上述描述移至其上,因而以下不再对其进行详述。
具体而言,涂布头6'与涂布头6的不同之处在于,其还包括一个或多个独立于喷嘴60的辅喷嘴64,或称额外喷嘴。
每个额外喷嘴64用于生成涂料产品的逐滴式的整体流65。因此,喷嘴64无法形成与气溶胶流61类似的气溶胶流。举例而言,每个喷嘴64包括具有直径D'的喷出孔,以及具有压电元件或阻塞阀的逐滴式喷出***。
优选地,直径D'严格小于喷嘴60的直径D,从而使得涂料产品的流65的液滴具有尽可能小的直径,并同时使得该涂料产品流可含有固体颗粒。以逐滴方式生成的液滴的直径d'大于气溶胶流61的液滴直径d,而后者小于喷嘴60的直径D。举例而言,直径d'大致等于直径D'。例如,直径D'小于或等于0.8D。
流65使得涂料产品的条状带C沉积于表面S上。条状带C的宽度小于条状带B的宽度L。条状带C以连续的方式与条状带B相邻。
为此目的,与喷嘴60相邻的喷嘴64设于涂布头6'的至少一个边缘上,从而使得条状带C与条状带B相邻。
在本例中,喷嘴64以列的形式设于涂布头6的下表面的相对末端边缘上,而喷嘴60设于所述下表面的中央区域内的两侧,从而使得喷嘴64围绕喷嘴60。可选的,喷嘴64也可按不同的方式设置,例如其可设置于涂布头6的末端列上,或仅设置于涂布头6的一个边缘上。
在本实施例中,额外喷嘴64由独立于供应***600的供应回路640供应。通过这种方式,喷嘴64适于喷涂与喷嘴60所喷涂料产品不同的其他涂料产品。
此构造对于所述涂料产品为含有固体颗粒悬浮的液体的情形而言尤其有利。该情形例如为含有悬浮的金属颗粒或金属片的液体金属性涂料的情形。该情形也可以为含有用于产生特定视觉外观效果或用于提高所述涂料产品层的例如耐划伤性等的机械或物理性质的云母、玻璃或其他颗粒的油漆的情形。
当喷嘴64的直径D'小于喷嘴60的直径D时,由于存在金属片堵塞喷嘴64的风险,因此优选不直接向喷嘴64供应金属性油漆。在此情形中,向供应回路640供应不带金属片的相应油漆,而向供应回路600供应含金属片的金属性油漆。此外,为了在涂布后获得相同的色调,也可使用色调与严格相同的油漆所得的色调稍有不同但不含有金属片的油漆。
然而,也可向喷嘴60和喷嘴64供应同一涂料产品。此做法对于不含具有金属效果的颗粒的油漆而言尤其有利。在此情形下,可例如由供应管41对供应回路640和供应回路600进行同时供应。然而,其中,所述两个独立的供应回路优选对操作条件(所产生的流量和压力)有所区分,以使喷嘴60和喷嘴64能够同时工作。
通过上述方式,喷嘴64可提高表面S上所沉积的涂料产品的质量,尤其为使其具有更加清晰的边缘。此外,喷嘴64也可因其几何形状、位置或角度取向而与上述不同。
图7所示为本发明的第三实施方式。本实施方式当中的与第一实施方式类似的涂布头6”的元件则采用相同的附图标记,并且可最大程度的将上述描述移至其上,因而以下不再对其进行详述。
涂布头6"与涂布头6的不同之处在于,其进一步包括设于涂布头6"的边缘的可移除或可伸缩罩体610,以对其中的一个喷嘴60所喷射的气溶胶喷出物61'进行至少部分限制。其中,罩体610可通过与所述气溶胶喷出物传播方向平行的平移运动而实现伸缩。该运动例如由控制单元20所控制的电机(未图示)实现。
通过这种方式,可沉积比不带罩体的方案更加清晰且界限分明的油漆条状带B'。
有利地,罩体610由导电材料制成,且适于与电极化电路连接,以实现该罩体610的电极化。这可在由喷嘴60所喷射的气溶胶流液滴上施加导向电场,从而实现预先以相反极性对涂料产品进行电极化。通过这种方式,与以下参考图9的实施方式所描述的类似,该导向电场可提高油漆条状带B”的边缘清晰性。
此外,也可在涂布头6"的每个侧向边缘处设置相同的罩体610。
图8所示为本发明的第四实施方式。本实施方式当中的与第一实施方式类似的涂布头6”'的元件则采用相同的附图标记,并且可最大程度的将上述描述移至其上,因而以下不再对其进行详述。
涂布头6”'进一步包括用于引导所喷涂涂料产品的空气流的施加装置。该装置具体包括排气孔630,其在排气孔630处被连接至压缩空气供应回路632,该压缩空气例如由***1经连接至相应末端的管线供应。排气孔630适于在离开喷嘴60且沿所述传播方向传播的气溶胶流61的至少一部分的附近喷射引导气流631。通过这种方式,该引导气流形成所述涂料产品液滴无法穿越的屏障。如此,可对液滴在表面S的目标区域之外的沉积形成限制,从而使得所沉积的涂料产品条状带B也具有清晰的边缘。其中,排气孔630设置于涂布头6”'的下表面的侧向边缘上。
根据一种未示出的替代方案,排气孔630也可以不同方式设置,例如,其可设于每个喷嘴60处,已用来形成多个独立的气流。气流631可设置为相对于气溶胶流61的传播方向会聚或发散。
上述装置可有利地用于涂布头6,6'或6”。
图9所示为本发明的第五实施方式。本实施方式当中的与第一实施方式类似的涂布头6”'的元件则采用相同的附图标记,,并且可最大程度的将上述描述移至其上,因而以下不再对其进行详述。
具体而言,该***与***1的不同之处在于,其进一步包括适于在由喷嘴60所喷射的气溶胶流61上施加电场的电极620,从而使得气溶胶流61的液滴带有非零电荷。与此同时,表面S连接至电接地端621。通过这种方式,可在静电力的作用下将至少部分所述液滴吸引至待涂布表面S上。如此,可对液滴在表面S的目标区域之外的沉积形成限制,从而使得所沉积的涂料产品的条状带B也具有清晰的边缘。
如图所示,所述电场沿喷涂轴线形成于电极620和待涂布表面S之间。该电场E使得所述带电液滴在朝表面S移动的过程中获得加速。这使得液滴在地球引力和空气摩擦力的基础上进一步承受强度为F=qE的静电力,其中,q表示元电荷电量。该静电力与朝表面S会聚的场力线相切,从而使得某些在没有所述电场的情况下本应脱离表面S的目标区域的位于直线轨迹上的液滴被偏转至朝该目标区域移动并被吸引至该目标区域上。
此外,由于液滴在电场E的作用下被加速,因此可增加喷嘴60和表面S之间的距离,从而实现对难以企及的区域的处理,并因而提升沉积率及沉积的均匀性。
另一项优点在于,其可使得喷嘴60所喷射的液滴的尺寸更加精细,从而提高其沉积于表面S之后的最终外观效果。限制逐滴技术的一项参数在于喷嘴的喷出孔尺寸较小且与油墨以外的许多其他涂料产品(如车用漆)的特性不相容。在喷嘴60与表面S之间施加于所述液滴之上的轴向电场E有助于使得这些液滴更加精细。该雾化作用和电场的共同作用增大了油漆层表面对液滴的吸引力。高电压可实现等同于使用采用直径更大的喷嘴60的精细的雾化效果。最后,雾化能力的增大可在当涂布头6用于汽车喷漆线等的工业生产环境时提高生产节奏。
此外,采用静电引导还可提高所述互斥液滴的布置的一致性和均匀性,从而使得这些液滴以不同于逐滴技术的方式沉积得更加分散。这可减少大理石纹及直线条纹等不希望的视觉失真效果。
根据一种未示出的替代方案,涂布头6包括在所述涂料产品由喷嘴60喷出之前对其进行电极化的装置。与此同时,表面S电连接于电接地端621。通过这种方式,可在无需使用电极620的情况下,实现气溶胶流61的液滴的电极化。
在该电极化的作用下,所述液滴当中的至少一部分通过静电力作用被吸引至待涂布的表面S,从而对液滴在表面S的目标区域之外的沉积形成限制,以使得所沉积的涂料产品条状带B也具有清晰的边缘。
上述本发明实施方式及替代实施方式可相互组合,以产生新的实施方式。
Claims (17)
1.一种在待涂布表面(S)上涂布涂料产品的涂布头(6;6';6”;6”'),其特征在于,所述涂布头,包括至少两个用于所述涂料产品的喷嘴(60),每个所述喷嘴均适于通过同时生成直径小于所述喷嘴(60)的喷出孔的直径(D)的多个液滴,以气溶胶流(61)的形式喷涂所述涂料产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂布头,其特征在于,所述喷嘴(60)以介于0.1cm和2cm之间的距离被两两隔开,从而使得所述气溶胶流(61)在所述待涂布表面(S)处相互接触。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涂布头,其特征在于,所述喷嘴(60)设置为使得由这些喷嘴产生的气溶胶流(61)之间在所述待涂布表面(S)处产生重叠。
4.根据权利要求3所述的涂布头,其特征在于,由两个直接相邻的喷嘴所产生的气溶胶流的重叠率大于或等于5%,或大致等于50%,或大致等于66%。
5.根据权利要求1~4当中的任一项所述的涂布头,其特征在于,每个喷嘴(60)的所述喷出孔的直径(D)大于或等于100μm。
6.根据权利要求1~4当中的任一项所述的涂布头(6'),其特征在于,包括独立于所述喷嘴(60)的一个或多个额外喷嘴(64),所述额外喷嘴(64)适于生成涂料产品的逐滴流(65)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的涂布头(6'),其特征在于,所述额外喷嘴(64)设置于所述涂布头的至少一个侧向边缘上,和/或与喷嘴(60)相邻。
8.根据权利要求6所述的涂布头(6'),其特征在于,所述额外喷嘴(64)的喷出孔的直径(D')小于所述喷嘴(60)的所述喷出孔的直径(D)。
9.根据权利要求6所述的涂布头(6'),其特征在于,所述额外喷嘴(64)由独立于所述喷嘴(60)的供应回路(600)的供应回路(640)供应。
10.根据权利要求1~4当中的任一项所述的涂布头,其特征在于,所述喷嘴以(60)行(6L)和/或列(6R)的形式彼此对齐。
11.根据权利要求1~4当中的任一项所述的涂布头(6”'),其特征在于,包括用于对所喷涂的涂料产品进行引导的空气流施加装置,所述装置包括适于向至少部分所述气溶胶流(61)的周围喷射引导气流(631)的排气孔(630)。
12.根据权利要求1~4当中的任一项所述的涂布头(6”),其特征在于,所述涂布头(6)包括用于对由至少部分所述喷嘴(60)所喷射的所述气溶胶流进行侧向限制的可移除或可伸缩的罩体(610)。
13.根据权利要求1~4当中的任一项所述的涂布头(6),其特征在于,包括至少一个适于在由所述喷嘴(60)所喷射的所述气溶胶流(61)上施加电场的电极(620),且所述待涂布表面连接至***的电接地端(621)。
14.根据权利要求12所述的涂布头,其特征在于,所述罩体(610)由导电材料制成且适于被连接至电极化电路以用来对所述罩体进行电极化,且所述涂料产品预先以相反的极性被电极化。
15.一种在待涂布表面(S)上涂布涂料产品的涂布***(1),包括多轴工业机器人(2),所述多轴工业机器人(2)具有铰接臂(4)以及固定于所述铰接臂(4)上的用于涂料产品的涂布头(6),其特征在于,所述涂布头(6)为根据权利要求1~4当中任一项所述的涂布头。
16.根据权利要求15所述的涂布***,其特征在于,所述***(1)适用于所述涂布头(6)和所述待涂布表面(S)之间的距离(H)小于200mm,优选地介于5mm和50mm之间,更优选地介于10mm和30mm之间。
17.根据权利要求15所述的涂布***,其特征在于,所述涂布头(6)通过磁性紧固装置(40)以可拆卸的方式固定于所述铰接臂(4)上。
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- 2017-11-30 BR BR102017025826A patent/BR102017025826A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-12-02 US US15/829,900 patent/US10688516B2/en active Active
- 2017-12-07 JP JP2017234831A patent/JP7114246B2/ja active Active
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CN111822233A (zh) * | 2019-04-19 | 2020-10-27 | 艾格赛尔工业公司 | 一种涂料产品涂覆器、其使用方法和包括其的涂覆装置 |
US11731158B2 (en) | 2019-04-19 | 2023-08-22 | Exel Industries | Coating product applicator, application installation comprising such an applicator and application method using such an applicator |
CN112495602A (zh) * | 2019-09-13 | 2021-03-16 | 株式会社东芝 | 导电性流体用喷头 |
CN112825617A (zh) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-05-21 | 株式会社大气社 | 涂装方法、涂装装置和涂装程序 |
CN113194170A (zh) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-07-30 | 芜湖长信新型显示器件有限公司 | 一种超薄柔性盖板及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3060420B1 (fr) | 2024-01-05 |
KR102458213B1 (ko) | 2022-10-24 |
JP2018094552A (ja) | 2018-06-21 |
US20180169688A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
RU2752590C2 (ru) | 2021-07-29 |
EP3335801B1 (fr) | 2020-10-21 |
FR3060420A1 (fr) | 2018-06-22 |
US10688516B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 |
RU2017143797A (ru) | 2019-06-17 |
KR20180069742A (ko) | 2018-06-25 |
CN108212574B (zh) | 2021-07-23 |
BR102017025826A2 (pt) | 2018-10-30 |
JP7114246B2 (ja) | 2022-08-08 |
ES2834001T3 (es) | 2021-06-16 |
RU2017143797A3 (zh) | 2021-02-20 |
EP3335801A1 (fr) | 2018-06-20 |
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