CN108210038A - 髓内钉锁钉机构 - Google Patents
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- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
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Abstract
本发明属于医疗器械技术领域,具体涉及一种髓内钉锁钉机构,包括主钉、拉力螺钉和锁钉,主钉为内部设有空腔的长轴杆,拉力螺钉设于主钉近端的拉力孔内,锁钉设于主钉远端的锁孔内,所述拉力孔与锁孔内容置有避免硬接触的衬垫。本发明的髓内钉锁钉机构,使用时避免了硬接触,从而提高使用安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械技术领域,具体涉及一种髓内钉锁钉机构。
背景技术
当人体的骨骼发生骨折时,通常会使用髓内钉来连接断骨,髓内钉一般意指放在骨髓腔内的长钢钉。比如下肢的股骨和胫骨,在骨头的一端开个伤口放入髓内钉后,在髓内钉的近端及远端分别安装螺钉,可以防止骨头的旋转及缩短。现有的髓内钉在装配使用时,因髓内钉与螺钉均为金属,金属与金属之间为刚性接触,时间长了容易磨损形成金属屑,产生微动腐蚀,从而对人体周围组织造成不良反应。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种髓内钉锁钉机构,使用时避免了硬接触,从而提高使用安全性。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:包括主钉、拉力螺钉和锁钉,主钉为内部设有空腔的长轴杆,拉力螺钉设于主钉近端的拉力孔内,锁钉设于主钉远端的锁孔内,所述拉力孔与锁孔内容置有避免硬接触的衬垫。
优选的,所述衬垫的材质为聚乙烯、聚醚醚酮或可被人体吸收降解的聚乳酸。
优选的,所述衬垫的内壁及外壁均呈光滑状。
优选的,所述拉力孔与锁孔的内壁具有内螺纹,衬垫的外壁具有与拉力孔或锁孔上内螺纹相配合的外螺纹,衬垫的内壁具有与拉力螺钉或锁钉上外螺纹相配合的内螺纹。
优选的,所述衬垫的一端具有外凸的台阶,所述拉力孔和锁孔根据其指向方向均具有首端和末端,拉力孔和锁孔的首端处具有与台阶相适应的缺口,衬垫设于拉力孔或锁孔内时台阶卡置在拉力孔或锁孔的缺口处。
优选的,所述主钉的外壁上具有沿主钉的伸长方向伸展的减压面。
优选的,所述拉力孔为非圆形孔。
采用上述技术方案后,本发明具有以下积极效果:
(1)本发明中的髓内钉锁钉机构,通过在拉力孔和锁孔内设置衬垫,可拉力螺钉与主钉、锁钉与主钉接触面因运动摩擦而产生碎屑,防止微动腐蚀,可有效防止植入物的机械性能受影响及腐蚀产物对植入部位周围组织的不良影响;
(2)本发明中的衬垫材质为聚乙烯、聚醚醚酮或可被人体吸收降解的聚乳酸,所选用的材质均为现有已知材料,且上述材料生物相容性好,适用于人体材料中的使用,确保使用的安全性;
(3)本发明中的衬垫可以为光滑的环状,还可以在内外壁均设置螺纹,通过螺纹与拉力孔或锁孔上螺纹的配合,使衬垫牢固的安装在主钉孔内,防止脱落,同时,衬垫可以为一端具有外凸台阶的环状结构,通过将台阶卡置在拉力孔和锁孔的缺口处,可防止拉力螺钉和锁钉在锁紧过程中使衬垫产生轴向位移,增加了使用的可靠性;
(4)本发明中的减压面可以减少对人骨骼的压力,通过将拉力孔设置为非圆形孔,防止固定过程中主钉产生转动;
(5)在一个优选的方案中,可以将主钉设计成可伸缩式结构,根据人髓腔的大小调整主钉的长度,进而适应不同人体使用需求。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中髓内钉锁钉机构结构示意图;
图2为实施例1中衬垫结构图;
图3为实施例2中髓内钉锁钉机构结构示意图;
图4为实施例2中衬垫结构图;
图5为实施例3中髓内钉锁钉机构结构示意图;
图6为实施例3中主钉上插接部位分体后结构图;
图7为实施例3中主钉上插接部位配合后结构图。
其中:1、主钉,2、拉力螺钉,3、锁钉,4、衬垫,41、台阶,5、减压面,6、插槽,7、插板,8、凹槽,9、限位钉。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。
在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应作广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
实施例1
如图1-2所示,为本实施例的髓内钉锁钉机构,其包括主钉1、拉力螺钉2和锁钉3,主钉1为内部设有空腔的长轴杆,拉力螺钉2设于主钉1近端的拉力孔内,所述拉力孔为非圆形孔,锁钉3设于主钉1远端的锁孔内。主钉1的外壁上具有沿主钉1的伸长方向伸展的减压面5。
所述拉力孔与锁孔内容置有环状衬垫4,衬垫4的内壁及外壁均呈光滑状,衬垫4与拉力孔或锁孔抵持。衬垫4的材质为聚乙烯,还可以为聚醚醚酮或可被人体吸收降解的聚乳酸。
实施例2
如图3-4所示,为本实施例的髓内钉锁钉机构,其包括主钉1、拉力螺钉2和锁钉3,主钉1为内部设有空腔的长轴杆,拉力螺钉2设于主钉1近端的拉力孔内,所述拉力孔为非圆形孔,锁钉3设于主钉1远端的锁孔内。主钉1的外壁上具有沿主钉1的伸长方向伸展的减压面5。
所述拉力孔与锁孔内容置有环状衬垫4,衬垫4的一端具有外凸的台阶41,所述拉力孔和锁孔根据其指向方向分为首端和末端,拉力孔和锁孔的首端处具有与台阶41相适应的缺口,衬垫4设于拉力孔或锁孔内时台阶41卡置在拉力孔或锁孔的缺口处。衬垫4上处于拉力孔或锁孔内的部位为连接部,拉力孔或锁孔的内壁具有内螺纹,所述连接部的外壁具有与所述内螺纹相配合的外螺纹,所述连接部的内壁具有与拉力螺钉2或锁钉3上外螺纹相配合的内螺纹。通过台阶41及所述连接部的内壁、外壁上螺纹的设置,使衬垫4与拉力孔或锁孔紧密配合,防止拉力螺钉2或锁钉3在旋紧过程中对衬垫4产生轴向推力使衬垫4位移。
衬垫4的材质为可被人体吸收降解的聚乳酸,还可以为聚乙烯或聚醚醚酮。
实施例3
如图5-7所示,为本实施例的髓内钉锁钉机构,其包括主钉1、拉力螺钉2和锁钉3,主钉1为内部设有空腔的长轴杆,拉力螺钉2设于主钉1近端的拉力孔内,所述拉力孔为非圆形孔,锁钉3设于主钉1远端的锁孔内。主钉1的外壁上具有沿主钉1的伸长方向伸展的减压面5。
所述拉力孔与锁孔内容置有环状衬垫4,衬垫4的内壁及外壁均呈光滑状,衬垫4与拉力孔或锁孔抵持。衬垫4的材质为聚乙烯,还可以为聚醚醚酮或可被人体吸收降解的聚乳酸。
主钉1由两根钉插接而成。主钉1上的插接部位的一头具有插槽6,另一头具有插板7,所述插板7伸入插槽6内,所述插板7上具有沿插板7的伸长方向延伸的凹槽8,所述插槽6上具有限位钉9,插板7伸入插槽6内时所述限位钉9的端部伸入所述凹槽8内且限位钉9与插板7抵持。通过上述插接部位的设计,可以调整插板7伸入插槽6内的长度,使用限位钉9锁紧插槽6与插板7,进而达到微调主钉1长度的目的。
对本领域的技术人员来说,可根据以上描述的技术方案以及构思,做出其它各种相应的改变以及形变,而所有的这些改变以及形变都应该属于本发明要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种髓内钉锁钉机构,其特征在于:包括主钉(1)、拉力螺钉(2)和锁钉(3),主钉(1)为内部设有空腔的长轴杆,拉力螺钉(2)设于主钉(1)近端的拉力孔内,锁钉(3)设于主钉(1)远端的锁孔内,所述拉力孔与锁孔内容置有避免硬接触的衬垫(4)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的髓内钉锁钉机构,其特征在于:衬垫(4)的材质为聚乙烯、聚醚醚酮或可被人体吸收降解的聚乳酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的髓内钉锁钉机构,其特征在于:衬垫(4)的内壁及外壁均呈光滑状。
4.根据权利要求1所述的髓内钉锁钉机构,其特征在于:拉力孔与锁孔的内壁具有内螺纹,衬垫(4)的外壁具有与拉力孔或锁孔上内螺纹相配合的外螺纹,衬垫(4)的内壁具有与拉力螺钉(2)或锁钉(3)上外螺纹相配合的内螺纹。
5.根据权利要求1所述的髓内钉锁钉机构,其特征在于:衬垫(4)的一端具有外凸的台阶(41),所述拉力孔和锁孔根据其指向方向均具有首端和末端,拉力孔和锁孔的首端处具有与台阶(41)相适应的缺口,衬垫(4)设于拉力孔或锁孔内时台阶(41)卡置在拉力孔或锁孔的缺口处。
6.根据权利要求1所述的髓内钉锁钉机构,其特征在于:主钉(1)的外壁上具有沿主钉(1)的伸长方向伸展的减压面(5)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的髓内钉锁钉机构,其特征在于:所述拉力孔为非圆形孔。
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