CN108203983A - A kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure and method - Google Patents
A kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108203983A CN108203983A CN201810175662.0A CN201810175662A CN108203983A CN 108203983 A CN108203983 A CN 108203983A CN 201810175662 A CN201810175662 A CN 201810175662A CN 108203983 A CN108203983 A CN 108203983A
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- Prior art keywords
- soil nailing
- soil
- hole
- layer
- side slope
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000013632 homeostatic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
- E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure and methods, and including soil nailing, drainpipe and stiffener, the soil nailing includes perpendicular soil nailing and oblique soil nailing;Perpendicular soil nailing is inserted vertically into soil layer, and it is 5m to erect soil nailing spacing;Turn hole in side slope, the vertical spacing in turn hole hole position is 1.5m, level interval 1.2m, the oblique soil nailing of installation in hole;Between soil nailing and soil nailing, 20 stiffeners of φ, depth 2m, protruded length 100mm are squeezed into;Side slope sets branch armour layer, and 400mm~800mm, φ >=35mm horizontal drain pipes are inserted at plate brad supporting face layer back, and plate brad supporting face layer 20mm~50mm is stretched out in drainpipe one end, and draining tube spacing is 2m.The application combination deep pit digging feature compared with the disturbance reduced to the soil body of limits, is installed, the technologies such as slip casting by soil nailing, improves the mechanical property of slope soil, improve the globality of slope soil and homeostasis ability, side slope is made more to stablize.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to excavations, and in particular to a kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure and method.
Background technology
In foundation pit construction, if foundation pit supporting method is improper, cause that resistance to shear of soil, intensity drastically reduces sends out excavation slope
Raw local failure or overall collapse, supporting construction inclination, collapse sliding, cause serious engineering accident consequence and massive losses.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure and method, with reference to
Deep pit digging feature, using method for supporting deep foundation pit, compared with the disturbance reduced to the soil body of limits, installed by soil nailing,
The technologies such as slip casting improve the mechanical property of slope soil, improve the globality of slope soil and homeostasis ability, make side slope more
Add stabilization.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:A kind of method for supporting deep foundation pit, it includes as follows
Step:
S1:The earthwork layer and section for needing plate brad supporting is excavated, every layer of cutting depth is 1m~2m, every section of excavation length
For 10m~18m, forbid slope soil of backbreaking or disturb, excavation slope should reserve 100mm and manually carry out side slope cleaning, make side
Slope is smooth, and meets the Slope Design gradient;
S2:The soil nailing hole position that will be drilled is marked and numbered in side slope, the vertical spacing in hole position is 1.5m, level
Spacing is 1.2m, and after the completion of label, using anchor bolt works drill hole of drilling machine, drilling diameter 100mm, depth is first row 8m, the
Two row 7m, third row, the 4th row are 6m, and it is 5m to erect soil nailing spacing;
S3:Soil nailing reinforcing bar is installed;
S4:After soil nailing installs, using slip casing by pressure, Grouting Pipe is inserted at bottom hole 300mm first, uses low pressure
0.4MPa slip castings are removed Grouting Pipe is slowly outer during slip casting, and Grouting Pipe grout outlet is always positioned at slurry surface hereinafter, convenient for discharge soil
The gentle bubble of air in nail hole is using high pressure 1.5MPa slip castings at soil nailing hole surface 1.5m, soil nailing hole is filled slurry and is tieed up
It holds 5 minutes, blocks in time later, slurry pressure in soil nailing hole is made slowly to spread;
S5:400mm~800mm, φ >=35mm horizontal drain pipes are inserted at plate brad supporting face layer back, drainpipe one end is stretched
Go out plate brad supporting face layer 20mm~50mm, draining tube spacing is 2m, convenient for the ponding after branch armour layer is discharged from the soil body;
S6:Between soil nailing and soil nailing, 20 stiffeners of φ, depth 2m, protruded length 100mm are squeezed into;
S7:In side slope surface assembling reinforcement net, bound using 8 reinforcing bar single-layer bidirectionals of φ, spacing 180mm, soil nailing reinforcing bar
With bar-mat reinforcement, stiffener firm welding;
S8:C20 pea gravel concretens are sprayed, gunite concrete thickness is 100mm, and coagulation is sprayed in top edge to extension 1m
It should be segmented progress when native, according to spraying from top to bottom in same section, carry out watering maintenance after injection is completed 2 hours, avoid splitting
Seam.
It is preferred that in S2, during drilling, alignment hole position is answered slowly to pierce, when piercing 3m or so and soil layer is stablized,
Acceleration pierces.
It is preferred that in S6, stiffener is into quincuncial arrangement.
A kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure, including soil nailing, drainpipe and stiffener, the soil nailing is including perpendicular soil nailing and tiltedly
Soil nailing;
Perpendicular soil nailing is inserted vertically into soil layer, and it is 5m to erect soil nailing spacing;
Turn hole in side slope, the vertical spacing in turn hole hole position is 1.5m, level interval 1.2m, the oblique soil nailing of installation in hole;
Between soil nailing and soil nailing, 20 stiffeners of φ, depth 2m, protruded length 100mm are squeezed into;
Side slope sets branch armour layer, and 400mm~800mm, φ >=35mm horizontal drainages are inserted at plate brad supporting face layer back
Plate brad supporting face layer 20mm~50mm is stretched out in pipe, drainpipe one end, and draining tube spacing is 2m.
It is preferred that the drilling diameter of turn hole is 100mm in side slope.
It is preferred that set four casting nail hole positions from top to bottom in side slope, depth is first row 8m, second row
7m, third row, the 4th row are 6m.
It is preferred that in side slope surface assembling reinforcement net, bound using 8 reinforcing bar single-layer bidirectionals of φ, spacing is
180mm, soil nailing reinforcing bar and bar-mat reinforcement, stiffener firm welding.
It is preferred that gutter is set near side slope bottom.
It is preferred that branch armour layer is made of C20 pea gravel concretens.
It is preferred that supporting surface thickness is 100mm, top edge is to extension 1m.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:With reference to deep pit digging feature, using method for supporting deep foundation pit, compared with subtracting for limits
The disturbance to the soil body is lacked, has been installed by soil nailing, the technologies such as slip casting, improved the mechanical property of slope soil, improve slope soil
Globality and homeostasis ability, make side slope more stablize.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention;
In figure, 1- drainpipes, 2- branch armour layers, 3.1- erects soil nailing, the oblique soil nailing of 3.2- first rows, and 3.3- second rows are tiltedly native
Nail, 3.4- thirds arrange oblique soil nailing, the 4th oblique soil nailings of row of 3.5-, 4- gutters, 5- stiffeners.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
It is as described below.
A kind of method for supporting deep foundation pit, it includes the following steps:
S1:The earthwork layer and section for needing plate brad supporting is excavated, every layer of cutting depth is 1m~2m, every section of excavation length
For 10m~18m, forbid slope soil of backbreaking or disturb, excavation slope should reserve 100mm and manually carry out side slope cleaning, make side
Slope is smooth, and meets the Slope Design gradient;
S2:The soil nailing hole position that will be drilled is marked and numbered in side slope, the vertical spacing in hole position is 1.5m, level
Spacing is 1.2m, and after the completion of label, using anchor bolt works drill hole of drilling machine, drilling diameter 100mm, depth is first row 8m, the
Two row 7m, third row, the 4th row are 6m, and it is 5m to erect 3.1 spacing of soil nailing;
S3:Soil nailing reinforcing bar is installed;
S4:After soil nailing installs, using slip casing by pressure, Grouting Pipe is inserted at bottom hole 300mm first, uses low pressure
0.4MPa slip castings are removed Grouting Pipe is slowly outer during slip casting, and Grouting Pipe grout outlet is always positioned at slurry surface hereinafter, convenient for discharge soil
The gentle bubble of air in nail hole is using high pressure 1.5MPa slip castings at soil nailing hole surface 1.5m, soil nailing hole is filled slurry and is tieed up
It holds 5 minutes, blocks in time later, slurry pressure in soil nailing hole is made slowly to spread;
S5:400mm~800mm, φ >=35mm horizontal drain pipes 1, drainpipe 1 one are inserted at plate brad supporting face 2 back of layer
Plate brad supporting face layer 220mm~50mm is stretched out at end, and 1 spacing of drainpipe is 2m, convenient for by the ponding after branch armour layer 2 from the soil body
Discharge;
S6:Between soil nailing and soil nailing, 20 stiffeners 5 of φ, depth 2m, protruded length 100mm are squeezed into;
S7:In side slope surface assembling reinforcement net, bound using 8 reinforcing bar single-layer bidirectionals of φ, spacing 180mm, soil nailing reinforcing bar
Firm welding is used with bar-mat reinforcement, stiffener 5;
S8:C20 pea gravel concretens are sprayed, gunite concrete thickness is 100mm, and coagulation is sprayed in top edge to extension 1m
It should be segmented progress when native, according to spraying from top to bottom in same section, carry out watering maintenance after injection is completed 2 hours, avoid splitting
Seam.
In a preferred embodiment, in S2, during drilling, alignment hole position is answered slowly to pierce, when piercing 3m or so and soil layer
When stablizing, accelerate to pierce.
In a preferred embodiment, in S6, stiffener 5 is into quincuncial arrangement.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure, including soil nailing, drainpipe 1 and stiffener 5, the soil nailing packet
Include perpendicular soil nailing 3.1 and oblique soil nailing;
Perpendicular soil nailing 3.1 is inserted vertically into soil layer, and it is 5m to erect 3.1 spacing of soil nailing;
Turn hole in side slope, the vertical spacing in turn hole hole position is 1.5m, level interval 1.2m, the oblique soil nailing reinforcing bar of installation in hole;
Between soil nailing and soil nailing, φ 20 (diameter 20mm) stiffener 5, depth 2m, protruded length 100mm are squeezed into;
Side slope setting branch armour layer 2 is inserted into 400mm~800mm, φ >=35mm horizontal rows at plate brad supporting face 2 back of layer
Plate brad supporting face layer 220mm~50mm is stretched out in water pipe 1,1 one end of drainpipe, and 1 spacing of drainpipe is 2m.
In a preferred embodiment, the drilling diameter of turn hole is 100mm in side slope.
In a preferred embodiment, four casting nail hole positions are set from top to bottom in side slope, depth is first row 8m, the
Two row 7m, third row, the 4th row are 6m, and soil nailing hole sets soil nailing in position, and the diameter of oblique soil nailing is 25mm;
Soil-nail parameter is consistent with corresponding hole site depth, i.e., oblique 3.2 length of soil nailing of first row is 8000mm, and second row is tiltedly native
3.3 length are followed closely as 7000mm, third arranges oblique 3.4 length of soil nailing as 6000mm, and oblique 3.5 length of soil nailing of the 4th row is 6000mm.
In a preferred embodiment, in side slope surface assembling reinforcement net, using φ 8 (diameter 8mm) reinforcing bar single-layer bidirectional
Binding, spacing 180mm, soil nailing reinforcing bar use firm welding with bar-mat reinforcement, stiffener 5.
In a preferred embodiment, gutter 4 is set near side slope bottom;Close to the position on 2 top of branch armour layer
It installs and is equipped with gutter 4.
In a preferred embodiment, branch armour layer 2 is made of C20 pea gravel concretens.
In a preferred embodiment, 2 thickness of branch armour layer is 100mm, and top edge is to extension 1m.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is noted that all
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles in the present invention etc. should be included in the guarantor of the present invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for supporting deep foundation pit, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
S1:The earthwork layer and section for needing plate brad supporting is excavated, every layer of cutting depth is 1m~2m, and every section of excavation length is
10m~18m, forbids slope soil of backbreaking or disturb, and excavation slope should reserve 100mm and manually carry out side slope cleaning;
S2:The soil nailing hole position that will be drilled is marked and numbered in side slope, the vertical spacing in hole position is 1.5m, level interval
For 1.2m, after the completion of label, using anchor bolt works drill hole of drilling machine, drilling diameter 100mm, depth is first row 8m, second row
7m, third row, the 4th row are 6m, and it is 5m to erect soil nailing spacing;
S3:Soil nailing reinforcing bar is installed;
S4:After soil nailing installs, using slip casing by pressure, Grouting Pipe is inserted at bottom hole 300mm first, with low pressure 0.4MPa
Slip casting is removed Grouting Pipe is slowly outer during slip casting, and Grouting Pipe grout outlet is always positioned at slurry surface hereinafter, convenient in discharge soil nailing hole
Air and bubble are using high pressure 1.5MPa slip castings at soil nailing hole surface 1.5m, and soil nailing hole is filled 5 points of slurry and maintenance
Clock blocks, slurry pressure in soil nailing hole is made slowly to spread in time later;
S5:400mm~800mm, φ >=35mm horizontal drain pipes are inserted at plate brad supporting face layer back, soil is stretched out in drainpipe one end
Branch armour layer 20mm~50mm is followed closely, draining tube spacing is 2m;
S6:Between soil nailing and soil nailing, 20 stiffeners of φ, depth 2m, protruded length 100mm are squeezed into;
S7:It in side slope surface assembling reinforcement net, is bound using 8 reinforcing bar single-layer bidirectionals of φ, spacing 180mm, soil nailing reinforcing bar and steel
Muscle net, stiffener firm welding;
S8:Spray C20 pea gravel concretens, gunite concrete thickness is 100mm, and top edge is to extension 1m, during gunite concrete
It should be segmented progress, according to spraying from top to bottom in same section, carry out watering maintenance after injection is completed 2 hours, avoid crack.
2. a kind of method for supporting deep foundation pit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In S2, during drilling, alignment hole position is answered
It slowly pierces, when piercing 3m or so and soil layer is stablized, accelerates to pierce.
3. a kind of method for supporting deep foundation pit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In S6, stiffener is into quincunx
Arrangement.
4. a kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure, it is characterised in that:It includes soil nailing, drainpipe and stiffener, the soil nailing packet
Include perpendicular soil nailing and oblique soil nailing;
Perpendicular soil nailing is inserted vertically into soil layer, and it is 5m to erect soil nailing spacing;
Turn hole in side slope, the vertical spacing in turn hole hole position is 1.5m, level interval 1.2m, the oblique soil nailing of installation in hole;
Between soil nailing and soil nailing, 20 stiffeners of φ, depth 2m, protruded length 100mm are squeezed into;
Side slope sets branch armour layer, and 400mm~800mm, φ >=35mm horizontal drain pipes, row are inserted at plate brad supporting face layer back
Plate brad supporting face layer 20mm~50mm is stretched out in water pipe one end, and draining tube spacing is 2m.
5. a kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:The drilling diameter of turn hole is in side slope
100mm。
6. a kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that:It is set from top to bottom in side slope
Four casting nail hole positions are put, depth is first row 8m, second row 7m, and third row, the 4th row are 6m.
7. a kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:In side slope surface assembling reinforcement net,
It is bound using 8 reinforcing bar single-layer bidirectionals of φ, spacing 180mm, soil nailing reinforcing bar and bar-mat reinforcement, stiffener firm welding.
8. a kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Draining is set near side slope bottom
Ditch.
9. a kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Branch armour layer is by C20 microlith coagulations
Soil is made.
10. a kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure according to claim 4 or 9, it is characterised in that:Supporting surface thickness is
100mm, top edge is to extension 1m.
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CN201810175662.0A CN108203983A (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2018-03-02 | A kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure and method |
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CN201810175662.0A CN108203983A (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2018-03-02 | A kind of deep foundation pit supporting structure and method |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108914954A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-11-30 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Slope support method of the pre support in conjunction with permanent support |
CN109295943A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-02-01 | 湖北宜化江家墩矿业有限公司 | A kind of barren rock cinder field Grouting Pipe and slip casting application method |
CN109914422A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-06-21 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of steel pipe and soil nailing combined type foundation pit supporting construction and construction method |
CN110004938A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-07-12 | 中冶成都勘察研究总院有限公司 | A kind of foundation pit side-wall structural strengthening suspension device |
CN110206043A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-06 | 新疆交通建设集团股份有限公司 | Soil nailing and construction method for supporting |
CN111287198A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-16 | 福建工程学院 | Supporting structure of soft soil foundation pit and construction method thereof |
CN111676980A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-18 | 重庆弘粟建筑科技有限公司 | Foundation pit supporting construction method |
CN113356250A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-07 | 北京建材地质工程有限公司 | Horizontal pressurization long well drainage method for large-diameter dewatering drainage non-dry stratum |
CN115045260A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-13 | 中建三局四川建筑装备有限公司 | Stirring backfilling method of solidified soil |
CN116201141A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-06-02 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | Method for preventing orifice soil from being disturbed during soil nail construction |
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Cited By (12)
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CN108914954A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-11-30 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Slope support method of the pre support in conjunction with permanent support |
CN108914954B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-04-14 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Slope supporting method combining pre-supporting and permanent supporting |
CN109295943A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-02-01 | 湖北宜化江家墩矿业有限公司 | A kind of barren rock cinder field Grouting Pipe and slip casting application method |
CN109295943B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2021-04-13 | 湖北宜化江家墩矿业有限公司 | Grouting pipe for waste slag yard and grouting using method |
CN109914422A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-06-21 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of steel pipe and soil nailing combined type foundation pit supporting construction and construction method |
CN110004938A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-07-12 | 中冶成都勘察研究总院有限公司 | A kind of foundation pit side-wall structural strengthening suspension device |
CN110206043A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-06 | 新疆交通建设集团股份有限公司 | Soil nailing and construction method for supporting |
CN111287198A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-16 | 福建工程学院 | Supporting structure of soft soil foundation pit and construction method thereof |
CN111676980A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-18 | 重庆弘粟建筑科技有限公司 | Foundation pit supporting construction method |
CN113356250A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-07 | 北京建材地质工程有限公司 | Horizontal pressurization long well drainage method for large-diameter dewatering drainage non-dry stratum |
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CN116201141A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-06-02 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | Method for preventing orifice soil from being disturbed during soil nail construction |
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Application publication date: 20180626 |