CN108194604B - Gear box of tracked vehicle and tracked harvester - Google Patents
Gear box of tracked vehicle and tracked harvester Download PDFInfo
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- CN108194604B CN108194604B CN201810179334.8A CN201810179334A CN108194604B CN 108194604 B CN108194604 B CN 108194604B CN 201810179334 A CN201810179334 A CN 201810179334A CN 108194604 B CN108194604 B CN 108194604B
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 218
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 178
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009365 direct transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D69/00—Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers
- A01D69/06—Gearings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Non-Deflectable Wheels, Steering Of Trailers, Or Other Steering (AREA)
- Retarders (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a crawler vehicle gearbox and a crawler harvester, which relate to the technical field of agricultural machinery and comprise an input shaft, a first output shaft, a second output shaft, a first transmission mechanism, a straight driving mechanism, a differential mechanism, a second transmission mechanism, a steering driving mechanism, a third transmission mechanism, a turnover mechanism and a fourth transmission mechanism which are sequentially connected in a transmission way; the input shaft is respectively connected with the first transmission mechanism and the second transmission mechanism in a transmission way; the differential mechanism comprises a first differential component and a second differential component; the first differential assembly and the second differential assembly are respectively connected with the first output shaft and the second output shaft in a transmission way; the steering driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the second differential assembly through a fourth transmission mechanism, so that the differential mechanism drives the driving wheels of the tracks on two sides to rotate reversely. The invention realizes that the crawler belt on two sides can be driven simultaneously when the crawler vehicle turns, and can fully exert the maximum driving force of the crawler belt on two sides, and has large turning power and high vehicle trafficability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a tracked vehicle gearbox and a tracked harvester.
Background
At present, a gearbox of a domestic crawler-type grain harvester generally adopts single-power transmission, and a steering mode adopts single-side crawler power cutting or single-side braking to realize large-radius steering or single-side braking steering.
The gearbox adopts single power flow transmission, and the gearbox is generally provided with three-gear mechanical auxiliary speed change, so that stepless speed change of the whole vehicle in different sections is realized, steering clutches are arranged on two sides of a middle shaft of the gearbox, and power control and braking of driving chain wheels on two sides are realized through combination of control teeth and combination of the steering clutches. In the prior art, a single power flow is adopted to transmit power, one side of driving wheel is braked when the gearbox turns, and the other side of driving wheel drives the chain wheel, so that the driving force is small.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crawler gearbox and a crawler harvester, which not only can effectively avoid other parts in the harvester, but also can drive two side crawlers simultaneously when a crawler turns, can fully exert the maximum driving force of the two side crawlers, and has the advantages of high turning power and high vehicle trafficability; the steering circle control range and control precision of the tracked vehicle are improved; and in the steering process, the crawler belt has small shearing operation on soil, is not easy to produce silt, and has small damage on the ground.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a tracked vehicle gearbox comprising: the device comprises an input shaft, a first transmission mechanism, a second transmission mechanism, a straight driving mechanism, a steering driving mechanism, a speed changing mechanism, a differential mechanism, a first output shaft, a second output shaft, a third transmission mechanism, a fourth transmission mechanism and a turnover mechanism;
the straight driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the input shaft through the first transmission mechanism, and is in transmission connection with the differential mechanism through the speed change mechanism;
the differential mechanism comprises a first differential assembly and a second differential assembly; the first output shaft is in transmission connection with the first differential assembly, the second output shaft is in transmission connection with the second differential assembly, and the first output shaft and the second output shaft are respectively in transmission connection with driving wheels of the crawler belts on two sides and are used for driving the crawler belts on two sides of the crawler vehicle to move;
the steering driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the input shaft through the second transmission mechanism, and is in transmission connection with the third transmission mechanism and the fourth transmission mechanism respectively; and the third transmission mechanism is in transmission connection with the first differential assembly through the turnover mechanism, and the fourth transmission mechanism is in transmission connection with the second differential assembly, so that the differential mechanism drives the driving wheels of the tracks on two sides to rotate reversely.
Further, the straight traveling driving mechanism comprises a first hydraulic pump and a first hydraulic motor; the first hydraulic pump is in transmission connection with the transmission mechanism and is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the first hydraulic motor; the output shaft of the first hydraulic motor is in transmission connection with the speed change mechanism.
Further, the speed change mechanism comprises a speed change shaft, and a low-speed gear, a gear shifting fork and a high-speed gear which are sequentially arranged on the speed change shaft, wherein the gear shifting fork is used for adjusting the positions of the low-speed gear and the high-speed gear so that the low-speed gear or the high-speed gear is in transmission connection with an output shaft of the first hydraulic motor.
Further, the speed change mechanism further comprises a first brake shaft, the first brake shaft is in transmission connection with the low-speed gear and the high-speed gear through a gear pair, and the first brake shaft is in transmission connection with the differential mechanism; the first brake shaft is provided with a first brake for parking braking.
Further, the differential mechanism also comprises a sun gear shaft and a central gear arranged on the sun gear shaft; the first differential assembly and the second differential assembly are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central gear, and the differential mechanism is in transmission connection with the first brake shaft through the central gear.
Further, the first differential assembly and/or the second differential assembly comprises a plurality of planetary gears meshed with the sun gear shaft gear teeth, a gear ring meshed with the planetary gears and a planetary carrier, and the planetary gears are uniformly distributed on the planetary carrier; the gear ring is rotatably arranged on the planet carrier;
the first output shaft is in transmission connection with a planet carrier in the first differential assembly;
the second output shaft is in driving connection with a planet carrier in the second differential assembly.
Further, the steering drive mechanism includes a second hydraulic pump and a second hydraulic motor; the second hydraulic pump is in transmission connection with the transmission mechanism and is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the second hydraulic motor.
Further, the tracked vehicle gearbox further comprises a second brake shaft;
the second brake shaft is provided with a second brake for steering braking;
the second brake shaft is in transmission connection with the steering driving mechanism, and the second brake shaft is in transmission connection with the third transmission mechanism and the fourth transmission mechanism respectively.
Further, the tracked vehicle gearbox further comprises a fifth transmission mechanism; the second brake shaft is in transmission connection with the third transmission mechanism and the fourth transmission mechanism through the fifth transmission mechanism respectively.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a crawler harvester comprising an engine and drive wheels of both sides of the crawler, further comprising a crawler gearbox according to any one of the first aspects, the engine being in driving connection with an input shaft in the crawler gearbox; the driving wheels of the crawler belts on the two sides are respectively in transmission connection with a first output shaft and a second output shaft in the crawler vehicle gearbox.
The tracked vehicle gearbox and the tracked harvester provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
the first aspect of the invention provides a tracked vehicle gearbox comprising: the device comprises an input shaft, a first transmission mechanism, a second transmission mechanism, a straight driving mechanism, a steering driving mechanism, a speed changing mechanism, a differential mechanism, a first output shaft, a second output shaft, a third transmission mechanism, a fourth transmission mechanism and a turnover mechanism; the straight driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the input shaft through a first transmission mechanism, and is in transmission connection with the differential mechanism through a speed change mechanism; the differential mechanism comprises a first differential component and a second differential component; the first output shaft is in transmission connection with the first differential assembly, the second output shaft is in transmission connection with the second differential assembly, and the first output shaft and the second output shaft are respectively in transmission connection with driving wheels of the crawler belts on two sides and are used for driving the crawler belts on two sides of the crawler vehicle to move; the steering driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the input shaft through a second transmission mechanism, and is respectively in transmission connection with a third transmission mechanism and a fourth transmission mechanism; and the third transmission mechanism is in transmission connection with the first differential assembly through the turnover mechanism, and the fourth transmission mechanism is in transmission connection with the second differential assembly, so that the differential mechanism drives the driving wheels of the tracks on two sides to rotate reversely.
The crawler gearbox provided by the invention has a compact structure, is applied to a harvester, effectively adapts to the installation space in the harvester, and avoids the position limitation of other parts. The gearbox input shaft distributes power to a first transmission mechanism and a second transmission mechanism, wherein the first transmission mechanism independently drives the straight driving mechanism, and the second transmission mechanism independently drives the steering driving mechanism. The straight driving mechanism and the speed changing mechanism switch the input rotation speed of the gearbox into two gears of high speed and low speed. The speed change mechanism transmits power to the differential mechanism, the power is respectively transmitted to the first differential assembly and the second differential assembly, the first differential assembly transmits the power to the first output shaft, and the second differential assembly transmits the power to the second output shaft, so that the power of the straight driving mechanism after speed change drives the first output shaft and the second output shaft on the left side and the right side through the differential mechanism. The steering driving mechanism transmits power to a third transmission mechanism and a fourth transmission mechanism, the third transmission mechanism is in transmission connection with the first differential assembly through the turnover mechanism, and the fourth transmission mechanism is in direct transmission connection with the second differential assembly. The power of the steering driving mechanism is transmitted to the differential mechanism through the speed consistency and opposite directions of the turnover mechanism, the first differential assembly and the second differential assembly output in different steering modes, and the power is output to the first output shaft and the second output shaft at two sides, so that the left caterpillar tracks and the right caterpillar tracks are driven to move forward and backward at one side, and steering is realized. The crawler gearbox provided by the invention can not only effectively avoid other parts in the harvester, but also drive the crawler belts at two sides simultaneously when the crawler is turned, can fully exert the maximum driving force of the crawler belts at two sides, has large turning power and high vehicle trafficability; the steering circle control range and control precision of the tracked vehicle are improved; and in the steering process, the crawler belt has small shearing operation on soil, is not easy to produce silt, and has small damage on the ground.
The crawler harvester provided by the second aspect of the invention is provided with the crawler vehicle gearbox provided by the first aspect of the invention, so that all the advantages of the crawler vehicle gearbox provided by the first aspect of the invention are achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a crawler transmission provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram II of a tracked vehicle gearbox provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view at C in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along B-B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a simplified transmission diagram of a tracked vehicle gearbox provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the output rotational speeds ω of the planetary carriers on both sides of the differential mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention planetCarrier A graph relating steering HST displacement;
fig. 8 is a graph of tracked vehicle steering radius versus steering HST displacement provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 1-an input shaft; 2-a first transmission mechanism; 3-a second transmission mechanism; 4-a straight driving mechanism; 5-steering drive mechanism; 6-a first output shaft; 7-a second output shaft; 8-a third transmission mechanism; 9-a fourth transmission mechanism; 10-a turnover mechanism; 11-a variable speed shaft; 12-low speed gear; 13-high speed gear; 14-a shift fork; 15-gear shifting engagement sleeve; 16-a first brake shaft; 17-a first brake; 18-sun gear shaft; 19-a central gear; 20-a first differential assembly; 21-a second differential assembly; 22-a second brake shaft; 23-a second brake; 24-fifth transmission mechanism.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the invention, are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, a transmission case for a tracked vehicle and a crawler harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention provides a tracked vehicle gearbox comprising: an input shaft 1, a first transmission mechanism 2, a second transmission mechanism 3, a straight driving mechanism 4, a steering driving mechanism 5, a differential mechanism, a first output shaft 6, a second output shaft 7, a third transmission mechanism 8, a fourth transmission mechanism 9 and a turnover mechanism 10; the straight driving mechanism 4 is in transmission connection with the input shaft 1 through the first transmission mechanism 2, and the straight driving mechanism 4 is in transmission connection with the differential mechanism; the differential mechanism includes a first differential assembly 20 and a second differential assembly 21; the first output shaft 6 is in transmission connection with the first differential assembly 20, the second output shaft 7 is in transmission connection with the second differential assembly 21, and the first output shaft 6 and the second output shaft 7 are respectively in transmission connection with driving wheels of the crawler belts on two sides and are used for driving the crawler belts on two sides of the crawler vehicle to move; the steering driving mechanism 5 is in transmission connection with the input shaft 1 through the second transmission mechanism 3, and the steering driving mechanism 5 is in transmission connection with the third transmission mechanism 8 and the fourth transmission mechanism 9 respectively; and the third transmission mechanism 8 is in transmission connection with the first differential assembly 20 through the turnover mechanism 10, and the fourth transmission mechanism 9 is in transmission connection with the second differential assembly 21, so that the directions of driving wheels of the tracks on two sides driven by the differential mechanism are opposite.
The crawler gearbox provided by the embodiment of the invention has a compact structure, is applied to a harvester, effectively adapts to the installation space in the harvester, and avoids the position limitation of other parts. The gearbox input shaft 1 distributes power to a first transmission 2 and a second transmission 3, the first driving mechanism independently driving the straight drive 4 and the second transmission 3 independently driving the steering drive 5. The straight drive mechanism 4 and the speed change mechanism switch the input rotation speed of the gearbox into two gears of high speed and low speed. The speed change mechanism transmits power to the differential mechanism, the power is transmitted to the first differential assembly 20 and the second differential assembly 21 respectively, the first differential assembly 20 transmits power to the first output shaft 6, the second differential assembly 21 transmits power to the second output shaft 7, and therefore, the power of the straight driving mechanism 4 after speed change drives the first output shaft 6 and the second output shaft 7 on the left side and the right side through the differential mechanism. The steering driving mechanism 5 transmits power to the third transmission mechanism 8 and the fourth transmission mechanism 9, the third transmission mechanism 8 is in transmission connection with the first differential assembly 20 through the turnover mechanism 10, and the fourth transmission mechanism 9 is in direct transmission connection with the second differential assembly 21. The power of the steering driving mechanism 5 is transmitted to the differential mechanism through the turnover mechanism 10 in a consistent speed and opposite direction, the first differential assembly 20 and the second differential assembly 21 output in different steering directions, and the power is output to the first output shaft 6 and the second output shaft 7 on two sides, so that the left and right caterpillar tracks are driven to move forward and backward on one side, and steering is realized. The crawler gearbox provided by the embodiment of the invention not only can effectively avoid other parts in the harvester, but also can drive the crawler belts at two sides simultaneously when the crawler is turned, can fully exert the maximum driving force of the crawler belts at two sides, has large turning power and has high vehicle trafficability; the steering circle control range and control precision of the tracked vehicle are improved; and in the steering process, the crawler belt has small shearing operation on soil, is not easy to produce silt, and has small damage on the ground.
In an alternative of the present embodiment, further, the straight driving mechanism 4 includes a first hydraulic pump and a first hydraulic motor; the first hydraulic pump is in transmission connection with the transmission mechanism and is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the first hydraulic motor; the output shaft of the first hydraulic motor is in transmission connection with the speed change mechanism.
In at least one embodiment, the gearbox is driven by engine power through a pulley. The input shaft 1 of the gearbox distributes power to the first transmission mechanism 2 through a gear mechanism, the first transmission mechanism 2 independently drives a first hydraulic pump which moves straight, the first hydraulic pump can be a hydraulic stepless speed changer, the first hydraulic pump drives a first hydraulic motor, and stepless adjustment of the output rotating speed of the motor is realized by adjusting the displacement of the first hydraulic pump. The output shaft of the first hydraulic motor is meshed with the speed change mechanism through a gear.
In at least one embodiment, the straight drive mechanism 4 may also be an electric motor drive.
In an alternative of the present embodiment, the tracked vehicle gearbox further includes a speed change mechanism, the speed change mechanism includes a speed change shaft 11, and a low-speed gear 12, a shift fork 14 and a high-speed gear 13 sequentially disposed on the speed change shaft 11, and the shift fork 14 is used for adjusting positions of the low-speed gear 12 and the high-speed gear 13 so as to make the low-speed gear 12 or the high-speed gear 13 in driving connection with an output shaft of the first hydraulic motor.
In at least one embodiment, the first hydraulic motor output shaft drives the speed changing shaft 11 through a gear structure, the speed changing shaft 11 is provided with a low-speed gear 12 and a high-speed gear 13 for realizing gear shifting of the speed changing box, and the gear shifting fork 14 is used for controlling the gear shifting meshing sleeve 15 to switch the input rotation speed of the speed changing box into two gears of a low speed and a high speed.
In an alternative scheme of the embodiment, the speed change mechanism further comprises a first brake shaft 16, the first brake shaft 16 is in transmission connection with the low-speed gear 12 and the high-speed gear 13 through a gear pair, and the first brake shaft 16 is in transmission connection with the differential mechanism; the first brake shaft 16 is provided with a first brake 17 for parking braking. The power from the low-speed gear 12 and the high-speed gear 13 is transmitted to the first brake shaft 16 through a gear mechanism, and the first brake shaft 16 is provided with a first brake 17 for parking brake. In at least one embodiment, the first brake 17 is a multi-plate wet brake.
In an alternative scheme of the embodiment, the differential mechanism further comprises a sun gear shaft 18 and a central gear 19 arranged on the sun gear shaft 18; the first differential assembly 20 and the second differential assembly 21 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central gear 19, and the differential mechanism is in transmission connection with the first brake shaft 16 through the central gear 19. The power of the first brake shaft 16 is transmitted to the sun gear shaft 18 through the central gear 19, and the sun gear shaft 18 drives the first differential assembly 20 and the second differential assembly 21 which are arranged in bilateral symmetry.
In an alternative scheme of the embodiment, the first differential assembly 20 and/or the second differential assembly 21 further comprises a plurality of planetary gears meshed with the gear teeth of the sun gear shaft 18, a gear ring meshed with the planetary gears and a planetary carrier, wherein the plurality of planetary gears are uniformly distributed on the planetary carrier; the gear ring is rotatably arranged on the planet carrier; the first output shaft 6 is in driving connection with a planet carrier in the first differential assembly 20; the second output shaft 7 is in driving connection with a planet carrier in a second differential assembly 21.
In at least one embodiment, first differential assembly 20 and second differential assembly 21 are identical in construction. The left and right first differential assemblies 20 and the second differential assemblies 21 each include a plurality of planetary gears meshing with the teeth of the sun gear shaft 18, a ring gear meshing with the planetary gears, and a carrier that uniformly distributes the plurality of planetary gears on the same circumference. The ring gear is rotationally fixed to the carrier. The planet carrier is meshed with the left end driving gear and the right end driving gear through splines, and the end driving gear is meshed with the end driven gear. Therefore, the power of the first hydraulic motor after the speed change is transmitted to the end passive gears at the two sides by the first differential assembly 20 and the second differential assembly 21 at the left and right sides at the same rotation speed in the same direction, and the first output shaft 6 and the second output shaft 7 at the left and right sides are driven.
In an alternative of the present embodiment, further, the steering drive mechanism 5 includes a second hydraulic pump and a second hydraulic motor; the second hydraulic pump is in transmission connection with the transmission mechanism and is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the second hydraulic motor.
In at least one embodiment, the gearbox is driven by engine power through a pulley. The input shaft 1 of the gearbox distributes power to the second transmission mechanism 3 through a gear mechanism, the second transmission mechanism 3 independently drives a second hydraulic pump for steering, the second hydraulic pump can be a hydraulic stepless speed changer, the second hydraulic pump drives a second hydraulic motor, and stepless adjustment of the output rotating speed of the motor is realized by adjusting the displacement of the second hydraulic pump.
In at least one embodiment, the steering drive mechanism 5 may also be an electric motor drive.
In an alternative to this embodiment, the tracked vehicle gearbox further comprises a second brake shaft 22; the second brake shaft 22 is provided with a second brake 23 for steering braking; the second brake shaft 22 is connected to the steering drive 5 in a drive manner, and the second brake shaft 22 is connected to the third transmission 8 and the fourth transmission 9 in a drive manner. The second brake shaft 22 is connected to an output shaft of the second motor, power from the steering drive mechanism 5 is transmitted to the second brake shaft 22, and the second brake shaft 22 is provided with a second brake 23 for steering braking. In at least one embodiment, the second brake 23 is a multi-plate wet brake.
In an alternative to this embodiment, the tracked vehicle gearbox further comprises a fifth transmission 24; the second brake shaft 22 is connected in a driving manner to the third transmission 8 and the fourth transmission 9 via a fifth transmission 24.
In at least one embodiment, the fifth gear 24 is an intermediate gear and the flipping mechanism 10 is a flipping gear. The power of the output shaft of the second hydraulic motor is transmitted to the gear rings of the first differential assembly 20 and the second differential assembly 21 through the fifth transmission mechanism 24, the third transmission mechanism 8, the fourth transmission mechanism 9 and the turning mechanism 10 in the same speed and in opposite directions.
The first differential assembly 20 and the second differential assembly 21 have the same input speed of the sun gear, different input speeds of the gear ring, different output speeds of the left and right planetary carriers and output power to the driving wheels at the two sides through the tail end gear mechanism, so that speed difference is generated between the left and right caterpillar tracks, and the two caterpillar tracks at the two sides are steered with the set steering circle radius.
Central gear 19 rotational speed ω in differential mechanism sun Planetary carrier rotational speed ω planetCarrier And the rotation speed omega of the gear ring Ring The motion relationship of (2) can be represented by formula 1:
wherein k is a characteristic parameter of the planetary mechanism, and k= -Z Ring /Z Sun ；
Z Ring : tooth number of gear ring;
Z Sun : the number of teeth of the sun gear.
During steering, under the condition that the output rotation speed of the engine is unchanged, the vehicle control mechanism increases the displacement of a variable pump of a driving mechanism (steering HST, hydroStaticTransmission, hydrostatic transmission for short) which is a steering second hydraulic pump, and simultaneously reduces the displacement of a first hydraulic pumpThe output speed of the second hydraulic motor, namely the steering hydraulic motor, is increased by the displacement of a variable pump of a straight driving mechanism (straight HST), the output speed of the first hydraulic motor, namely the straight hydraulic motor, is reduced, and the planetary carriers at two sides of the differential mechanism output rotating speed omega planetCarrier Can be calculated from equation 1, as shown in fig. 7.
Output rotation speed omega of driving wheels on two sides Output Can be represented by omega planetCarrier Calculated by the gear ratio from the differential mechanism to the output shaft.
According to the power radius r of the driving wheel, the running speed V of the left and right caterpillar tracks L 、V R Can be calculated from formula 2:
V＝ω Output x r type 2
Since the left and right track center distances B are known values, the vehicle steering radius R can be calculated according to equation 3:
in the steering process, according to the running speeds V of the crawler belts on two sides L 、V R The vehicle steering radius R is changed as shown in fig. 8.
As can be seen from fig. 7 and 8, as the steering HST displacement gradually increases, the straight HST displacement gradually decreases, the steering radius of the vehicle gradually decreases, and finally, the in-situ steering with the steering radius of 0 is realized, and the steering radius is stepless regulated in the whole process.
In at least one embodiment, the second brake 23 connected with the second hydraulic motor adopts a spring pressing type multi-disc wet brake, when the vehicle is straight, the friction disc is pressed by the springs to brake the left gear ring and the right gear ring, so that the vehicle can reliably move straight when the left track working condition and the right track working condition are different, and when the vehicle is turned, the second hydraulic motor outputs torque, overcomes the spring pressing force of the second brake 23, separates the braking friction disc, and drives the left gear ring and the right gear ring in a consistent speed and opposite direction, so that the turning is realized.
The steering wheel manipulation in the above-described scheme may also take the form of a joystick.
The crawler gearbox provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention is applied to the crawler harvester, so that the driving force and the trafficability of a wet field of the crawler harvester in the steering process are improved, and the steering power is high; the control range and the control precision of the steering circle of the crawler harvester are improved, stepless adjustment of the radius of the steering circle of the harvester can be realized, the steering flexibility and the working efficiency of field operation are improved, the shearing operation of the crawler to soil in the steering process is small, sludge is not easy to generate, and the damage to the field is small; the safety problems of differential locking and parking braking of the crawler belts on two sides of the crawler harvester such as a rice harvester when the crawler harvester moves straight are solved; the gearbox has simple gear shifting structure, adopts a steering wheel to steer, is comfortable to steer and operate, has a large operating range and is accurate to control; the durability problem that the transmission gearbox turns to has been solved, the life of gearbox has been improved.
An embodiment of the second aspect of the invention provides a crawler harvester comprising an engine and drive wheels of both sides of the crawler, and further comprising a crawler gearbox of the embodiment of the first aspect, the engine being in driving connection with an input shaft 1 in the crawler gearbox; the driving wheels of the tracks on the two sides are respectively connected with a first output shaft 6 and a second output shaft 7 in the gearbox of the tracked vehicle in a transmission way.
The crawler harvester provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the invention is provided with the crawler vehicle gearbox provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, so that all the advantages of the crawler vehicle gearbox provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention are achieved.
While the crawler vehicle transmission and the crawler harvester according to the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments, and various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the claims. The present invention includes various modifications and alterations within the scope of the claims.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A track vehicle gearbox, said gearbox being driven by engine power through a pulley, comprising: the device comprises an input shaft (1), a first transmission mechanism (2), a second transmission mechanism (3), a straight driving mechanism (4), a steering driving mechanism (5), a differential mechanism, a first output shaft (6), a second output shaft (7), a third transmission mechanism (8), a fourth transmission mechanism (9) and a turnover mechanism (10);
the straight driving mechanism (4) is in transmission connection with the input shaft (1) through the first transmission mechanism (2), and the straight driving mechanism (4) is in transmission connection with the differential mechanism;
the differential mechanism comprises a first differential assembly (20) and a second differential assembly (21); the first output shaft (6) is in transmission connection with the first differential assembly (20), the second output shaft (7) is in transmission connection with the second differential assembly (21), and the first output shaft (6) and the second output shaft (7) are respectively in transmission connection with driving wheels of the crawler belts at two sides and are used for driving the crawler belts at two sides of the crawler vehicle to move;
the differential mechanism further comprises a sun gear shaft (18) and a central gear (19) arranged on the sun gear shaft (18); the first differential assembly (20) and the second differential assembly (21) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central gear (19), and the differential mechanism is in transmission connection with the first brake shaft (16) through the central gear (19);
the first differential assembly (20) and/or the second differential assembly (21) comprises a plurality of planetary gears meshed with the gear teeth of the sun gear shaft (18), a gear ring meshed with the planetary gears and a planetary carrier, and the planetary gears are uniformly distributed on the planetary carrier; the gear ring is rotatably arranged on the planet carrier; the first output shaft (6) is in transmission connection with a planet carrier in the first differential assembly (20); the second output shaft (7) is in transmission connection with a planet carrier in the second differential assembly (21);
the steering driving mechanism (5) is in transmission connection with the input shaft (1) through the second transmission mechanism (3), and the steering driving mechanism (5) is in transmission connection with the third transmission mechanism (8) and the fourth transmission mechanism (9) respectively; and the third transmission mechanism (8) is in transmission connection with the first differential assembly (20) through the turnover mechanism (10), and the fourth transmission mechanism (9) is in transmission connection with the second differential assembly (21), so that the driving wheels of the tracks at the two sides driven by the differential mechanism are reversely rotated.
2. The tracked vehicle gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that the straight drive mechanism (4) comprises a first hydraulic pump and a first hydraulic motor; the first hydraulic pump is in transmission connection with the transmission mechanism and is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the first hydraulic motor; an output shaft of the first hydraulic motor is in transmission connection with the speed change mechanism.
3. The tracked vehicle gearbox according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a gear change mechanism, through which the straight drive mechanism (4) is in driving connection with the differential mechanism;
the speed change mechanism comprises a speed change shaft (11), a low-speed gear (12), a gear shifting fork (14) and a high-speed gear (13) which are sequentially arranged on the speed change shaft (11), wherein the gear shifting fork (14) is used for adjusting the positions of the low-speed gear (12) and the high-speed gear (13) so that the low-speed gear (12) or the high-speed gear (13) is in transmission connection with an output shaft of the first hydraulic motor.
4. A tracked vehicle gearbox according to claim 3, characterised in that the speed change mechanism further comprises a first brake shaft (16), the first brake shaft (16) being in driving connection with the low-speed gear (12) and the high-speed gear (13) by means of a gear pair, and the first brake shaft (16) being in driving connection with the differential mechanism; a first brake (17) for parking braking is arranged on the first brake shaft (16).
5. A tracked vehicle gearbox according to claim 1, characterised in that the steering drive (5) comprises a second hydraulic pump and a second hydraulic motor; the second hydraulic pump is in transmission connection with the transmission mechanism and is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the second hydraulic motor.
6. The tracked vehicle gearbox of claim 5, further comprising a second brake shaft (22);
the second brake shaft (22) is provided with a second brake (23) for steering braking;
the second brake shaft (22) is in transmission connection with the steering driving mechanism (5), and the second brake shaft (22) is in transmission connection with the third transmission mechanism (8) and the fourth transmission mechanism (9) respectively.
7. The tracked vehicle gearbox of claim 6, further comprising a fifth transmission (24); the second brake shaft (22) is in transmission connection with the third transmission mechanism (8) and the fourth transmission mechanism (9) through the fifth transmission mechanism (24) respectively.
8. A crawler harvester comprising an engine and drive wheels of both crawler tracks, characterized in that it further comprises a crawler vehicle gearbox according to any one of claims 1 to 7, said engine being in driving connection with an input shaft (1) in said crawler vehicle gearbox; the driving wheels of the crawler belts on the two sides are respectively connected with a first output shaft (6) and a second output shaft (7) in the crawler vehicle gearbox in a transmission way.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810179334.8A CN108194604B (en) | 2018-03-05 | 2018-03-05 | Gear box of tracked vehicle and tracked harvester |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810179334.8A CN108194604B (en) | 2018-03-05 | 2018-03-05 | Gear box of tracked vehicle and tracked harvester |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108194604A CN108194604A (en) | 2018-06-22 |
| CN108194604B true CN108194604B (en) | 2024-02-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201810179334.8A Active CN108194604B (en) | 2018-03-05 | 2018-03-05 | Gear box of tracked vehicle and tracked harvester |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109058413B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2021-03-19 | 苏州萨伯工业设计有限公司 | Variable speed control method for tracked vehicle |
| CN109058411B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2021-03-26 | 湖南农业大学 | Positive and negative rotating tracked vehicle transmission |
| CN113915309B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-12 | 易如(山东)智能科技有限公司 | Mechanical automatic stepless gearbox capable of realizing left-right forward and reverse rotation |
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| JP2005308105A (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2005-11-04 | Aisin Ai Co Ltd | Lubrication device of differential mechanism, and transmission having the same |
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| CN108194604A (en) | 2018-06-22 |
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