CN108187183A - 一种内置式医用超声溶栓治疗仪 - Google Patents

一种内置式医用超声溶栓治疗仪 Download PDF

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CN108187183A
CN108187183A CN201711405495.6A CN201711405495A CN108187183A CN 108187183 A CN108187183 A CN 108187183A CN 201711405495 A CN201711405495 A CN 201711405495A CN 108187183 A CN108187183 A CN 108187183A
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刘细宝
汪跃群
郁涛
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715th Research Institute of CSIC
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Abstract

本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，一种内置式医用超声溶栓治疗仪，包括输液器、超声加载模块和超声留置波导管。超声加载模块中的超声换能器的前盖板和变幅杆均采用TC4钛合金材料制作而成，且中间打有直径Φ1mm的通孔。超声波留置波导管从有血栓的血管上游处顺着血流方向进入血管内。超声波留置波导管进入血管的部分两侧挖有若干小洞，从而在有栓子的血管里直接发射超声波，再配以溶栓剂消融血栓。经实验验证对血栓性疾病治疗具有无创性，操作简便、可重复使用。超声能量仅在内局部发挥作用，超声作用和药物均直达病灶，溶栓效果好，同时对周围组织损伤小，安全无副作用无不良反应等的巨大优点。

Description

一种内置式医用超声溶栓治疗仪
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，具体是一种内置式医用超声溶栓治疗仪。
背景技术
据可靠统计，我国约有3.3亿高血压患者，约占总人口的23.6％，比整个美国的人口还多，随着老龄化的加剧，比例还将进一步升高。在著名的雅尔塔会议上，罗斯福、斯大林和丘吉尔三大巨头重构了世界格局，然而，他们都分别死于心脑血管诱发的疾病。高血压就是血液在血管变窄遇到阻塞流动不畅时，对血管壁造成的侧压力高出正常值。高血压会选取心、脑、肾、眼等器官作为目标进行伤害，这就是“靶器官伤害”。简言之，凡是有动脉的地方都有可能被攻击。动脉粥样硬化斑块堆积到一定程度后，易受血流冲击，斑块破碎并与血管脱离，形成栓子，阻塞血管。如果发生在供应心脏血管的冠状动脉，就是冠心病；如果发生在脑部，就是脑血栓、脑中风。
此外，血液透析是肾功能衰竭患者主要的肾脏替代治疗方法之一，建立一条有效的血管通路是血液透析顺利进行的前提，有人将血管通路称之为***患者的生命线。良好的血管通路要求血流量达到200-300ml/min，而血栓常导致血流量不充分，进而引起透析不充分。因此，血栓是造成血管通路失败的主要原因。
为此，消除血栓降低血压恢复血管通畅显得尤为重要。目前人工机械方法有球囊导管术和外科栓子切除术，但容易引起大出血等并发症，且手术风险大成本高，易反复发作。因此，临床上多使用活血化瘀的药物口服或点滴，如红花、丹参、当归、三七、水蛭、阿司匹林，或者组织纤溶激活酶原、尿激酶原(Pro-UK)等。但要么是只能预防，要么见效慢、溶栓时间长(往往一周时间)。
于是市场上出现了新的超声溶栓术。主要利用超声波的机械振动、空化效应、微电流剪切力、微束流等能量，再配合溶栓剂的药理作用使血栓破裂溶解，栓塞血管再通。一种如高频低能的体外治疗性超声(ETUS)，例如“深圳市威尔德医疗电子有限公司”申请的专利号为“CN203898961U”的发明专利名称为“溶栓治疗探头”，就是将探头外置于阻塞血管处，探头发射的超声波穿过耦合剂和皮肤血管对栓子进行处理。功率较大时，患者皮肤会有明显灼热不适感；功率较小时溶栓效果不理想。还有一种如微泡声学造影剂促进体外超声消融血栓，例如“***广州总医院”申请的专利号为“CN205548629U”的发明专利名称为“一种超声微泡空化溶栓***”，就是一方面在体外发射超声波，另一方面在血管内注射超声波激励造影剂和溶栓剂。这是一种内外结合的方式，的确促进了血栓的消融，改进了效果，但患者仍然感到灼热不适，没有最大限度发挥超声波的性能优势。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足，而提供一种内置式医用超声溶栓治疗仪。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案来完成的：这种内置式医用超声溶栓治疗仪，主要包括输液器、超声加载模块、超声留置波导管。输液泵内盛装有生理盐水或溶栓剂，输液泵连接排气室，排气室连接滴速传感器，滴速传感器连接加热器，加热器连接超声换能器，超声换能器被超声波发生器驱动，超声换能器通过喉箍连接超声波留置波导管，超声波留置波导管在有血栓的血管上游处顺着血流方向进入血管内，超声波留置波导管进入血管的部分两侧挖有若干小洞。
所述输液器包括输液泵、排气室、滴速传感器和加热器，如图1所示。
所述超声加载模块包括功率可调的驱动电源和超声换能器。
所述超声换能器包括超声振子和变幅杆。超声振子的前盖板和变幅杆均选用TC4钛合金，超声振子的压电陶瓷元件选用P4中功率发射材料，因为TC4钛合金的声阻抗Z4＝2.71X107pa*s/m与压电陶瓷P4的声阻抗Z5＝3X107pa*s/m接近，具体见下表1材料属性。
表1材料属性
材料 海水Z1 聚氨酯Z2 血液Z3 TC4钛合金Z4 压电陶瓷Z5
声速(m/s) 1500 1520 1570 6100 4000
密度(kg/m3) 1026 1031 1054 4450 7500
声阻抗(pa*s/m) 1.54X106 1.57X106 1.65X106 2.71X107 3X107
所述超声换能器的方案一如图2所示，总长为58.5mm，裙边最大直径为Φ25mm，谐振频率为fs＝69.8kHz，性能测试曲线如图3所示，整个中间打直径Φ2mm的通孔。实验结果表明功率偏小，溶栓效果不理想。
作为优化的方案二如图4所示，总长为178.5mm，卡盘最大直径为Φ25mm，仅在变幅杆上打倒“L”型长95mm、直径Φ1.5mm的孔。实验结果表明功率提高了，但溶栓效果仍然不理想。
作为优化的方案三如图5所示，总长为204mm，卡盘最大直径仍为Φ25mm，整个换能器中间打直径Φ1mm的通孔，便于药剂流过并加载超声能量，同时综合考虑了加工水平。采用有限元分析软件Ansys对上述结构进行仿真。首先建立有限元仿真模型，如图6所示，换能器振动时等效应力云图如图7所示，仿真的谐振频率为fs＝54kHz。实际性能测试曲线如图8所示，谐振频率为fs＝56kHz，属于材料参数设置的正常误差。实验结果表明该方案换能器输出功率强劲，振幅大效果优良，故最终选择方案三作为本发明的最终方案。
所述超声留置波导管选用聚氨酯材料。输液即为生理盐水添加溶栓剂，具体属性随添加不同的溶栓剂而略有差异，故现以海水参照模拟，约为Z1＝1.54X106pa*s/m。而血液的声阻抗Z3＝1.65X106pa*s/m，聚氨酯的声阻抗Z2＝1.57X106pa*s/m，三者几乎一致，且Z2恰为Z1和Z3之间。假定平面波在两种不同均匀介质面上垂直入射，则声波从药水穿过聚氨酯波导管入射血液的两次透射损失和TL(dB)为：
表1数据代入式1，透射损失和TL很小，几乎可以忽略不计。所以超声留置波导管选用聚氨酯材料。
为便于向血液辐射声波和溶栓剂，增强超声溶栓效果，超声波导管的两侧各挖洞开口，如图9所示，同一侧相邻两洞口间距为
且一侧的洞口位置恰在另一侧两洞口位置的中间，即为
本发明的有益效果为：
1、输液泵具有半挤压功能和脉动补偿技术，使输液更均匀、误差小，可长时间保持管路弹性和流速精度。
2、加热器可将流过的液体加热至40-50℃且可调，具体调节可依据夏冬环境温度和患者个人感受而定。
3、本发明对血栓性疾病治疗具有无创性，操作简便、可重复使用，以及超声能量仅在内局部发挥作用、超声作用和药物均直达病灶，溶栓效果好，治疗时间短，对周围组织损伤小，安全可靠等的巨大优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明的超声溶栓治疗仪结构示意图。
图2为本发明的超声换能器方案一图。
图3为本发明的超声换能器方案一的阻抗测试曲线图。
图4为本发明的超声换能器方案二图。
图5为本发明的超声换能器方案三图。
图6为本发明的超声换能器方案三的仿真模型图。
图7为本发明的超声换能器方案三的等效应力云图。
图8为本发明的超声换能器方案三的阻抗测试曲线图。
图9为本发明的超声留置波导管挖洞间距图。
附图标记说明：输液泵1、生理盐水或溶栓剂2、排气室3、滴速传感器4、加热器5、超声换能器6、超声波发生器7、喉箍8、超声留置波导管9、血栓10、血管11、孔洞12、超声振子13、变幅杆14、前盖板15、通孔16。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明做详细的介绍：
如附图所示，这种内置式医用超声溶栓治疗仪，主要包括输液泵1，输液泵1内盛装有生理盐水或溶栓剂2。输液泵1连接排气室3，排气室3连接滴速传感器4，滴速传感器4连接加热器5，加热器5连接超声换能器6，超声换能器6被超声波发生器7驱动。超声换能器6通过喉箍8连接超声波留置波导管9。喉箍8可确保超声换能器6和超声波留置波导管9在振动时不易脱落。超声波留置波导管9在有血栓10的血管11上游处顺着血流方向进入血管11内。超声波留置波导管9进入血管11的部分两侧挖有若干小洞12。
在具体实施时，加热器5可将流过的液体加热至40-50℃且可调，具体调节可依据夏冬环境温度和患者个人感受而定。
如图5所示，超声换能器6包括超声振子13和变幅杆14，超声振子13包括而不仅限于前盖板15，前盖板15和变幅杆14均采用TC4钛合金材料制作而成。超声振子13和变幅杆14中间打有直径Φ1mm的通孔16。超声换能器6的总长为204mm，谐振频率为fs＝56kHz。
如图9所示，超声波留置波导管9选用聚氨酯材料制作而成。超声波留置波导管9的两侧挖有若干小洞12，同一侧相邻两洞口间距26.8mm。且一侧的洞口位置恰在另一侧两洞口位置的中间，即异侧相邻两洞口间距为13.4mm。
可以理解的是，对本领域技术人员来说，对本发明的技术方案及发明构思加以等同替换或改变都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种内置式医用超声溶栓治疗仪，其特征在于：主要包括输液泵(1)，输液泵(1)内盛装有生理盐水或溶栓剂(2)，输液泵(1)连接排气室(3)，排气室(3)连接滴速传感器(4)，滴速传感器(4)连接加热器(5)，加热器(5)连接超声换能器(6)，超声换能器(6)被超声波发生器(7)驱动，超声换能器(6)通过喉箍(8)连接超声波留置波导管(9)，超声波留置波导管(9)在有血栓(10)的血管(11)上游处顺着血流方向进入血管(11)内，超声波留置波导管(9)进入血管(11)的部分两侧挖有若干小洞(12)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内置式医用超声溶栓治疗仪，其特征在于：所述的加热器(5)可将流过的液体加热至40-50℃且可调。
3.根据权利要求1所述的内置式医用超声溶栓治疗仪，其特征在于：所述的超声换能器(6)包括超声振子(13)和变幅杆(14)，超声振子(13)包括而不仅限于前盖板(15)，前盖板(15)和变幅杆(14)均采用TC4钛合金材料制作而成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的内置式医用超声溶栓治疗仪，其特征在于：所述的超声振子(13)和变幅杆(14)中间打有通孔(16)，谐振频率为fs＝56kHz。
5.根据权利要求1所述的内置式医用超声溶栓治疗仪，其特征在于：所述的超声波留置波导管(9)选用聚氨酯材料制作而成，超声波留置波导管(9)的两侧挖有若干小洞(12)，且一侧的洞口位置恰在另一侧两洞口位置的中间。
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