CN108184502A - 一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被 - Google Patents

一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被 Download PDF

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CN108184502A
CN108184502A CN201711468166.6A CN201711468166A CN108184502A CN 108184502 A CN108184502 A CN 108184502A CN 201711468166 A CN201711468166 A CN 201711468166A CN 108184502 A CN108184502 A CN 108184502A
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insulation quilt
stretch
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吴展牙
殷连海
黄浩
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Huzhou Dali Intelligent Equipment Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Changzhou Dingri Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被，属于农业工程技术领域。本发明将保温被芯置于巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液中，再加入巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液体积0.1～0.2倍的尿素溶液，随后加入巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液体积0.06～0.08倍的硝酸钙溶液，静置浸泡，取出，得预处理保温被芯；将表面活性剂和有机硅烷搅拌混合，随后加入氨水搅拌混合，得混合液；随后将预处理保温被芯置于混合液中，静置浸泡，取出，洗涤，干燥，得改性保温被芯。从上到下按照保温被外层‑胶黏剂‑保温被芯‑胶黏剂‑保温被内层组坯，随后热压固化，即得抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被。本发明技术方案制备的抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被具有优异的力学性能及保温性能的特点。

Description

一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被
技术领域
本发明公开了一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被，属于农业工程技术领域。
背景技术
日光温室在反季节作物生产种植过程中得到了广泛的应用，特别在北方的冬春季节，提高日光温室的保温性能是提高温室收益的最直接手段。日光温室的前屋面是主要散热面，温室与外界空气接触的各部分中，前屋面传热系数最大，其所散失的热量约占热量总损失的70%～80%，因此提高前屋面覆盖保温被的保温性是保证日光温室保温效果的有效途径，保温覆盖材料的性能是影响温室使用性能和设施农产品生产的重要因素。
目前，日光温室前屋面覆盖材料主要有两种：草苫和保温被。草苫笨重、不防水、寿命短，对薄膜的磨损、污染严重，正逐渐淡出市场。保温被是新型的保温覆盖材料，市场上不断有新产品开发出来，邱仲华等开发一种由镀铝膜和微孔泡沫塑料组成的复合保温材料，此保温材料具有质轻、防水性好等特点。周新群、董仁杰等提出采用蜂窝塑膜和铝箔结构作为保温覆盖材料，并分析了蜂窝结构的组成材料、蜂窝高度、添加铝箔以及铝箔位置对蜂窝结构覆盖层传热系数的影响。李化龙等采用PVA反射膜与PE气垫膜制成复合保温被，试验表明其基础增温量比草帘高1℃。黄学群等将聚乙烯膜与毛毡或棉毡直接压合制成保温被，测试表明比草苫可提高棚内温度1.3～4.6℃。秋冬季昼夜温差大、风沙大、太阳紫外线辐射强，因此对保温被的性能要求较高，而关于日光温室热环境的基础研究非常薄弱、缺乏***性，传统保温覆盖材料笨重、保温性能差、不防水、使用寿命低、抵御自然灾害能力差，易发生冻害等问题。
因此，如何改善传统温室外覆盖保温被力学性能及保温性能较差的缺点，以获取更高综合性能的温室外覆盖保温被，是其推广与应用，满足工业生产需求亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是：针对传统温室外覆盖保温被力学性能及保温性能较差的缺点，提供了一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被，包括保温被外层，保温被芯，保温被内层和胶黏剂，
所述保温被芯为改性保温被芯，所述改性保温被芯的改性步骤为：
（1）将保温被芯置于巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液中，再加入巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液体积0.1～0.2倍的尿素溶液，随后加入巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液体积0.06～0.08倍的硝酸钙溶液，静置浸泡，取出，得预处理保温被芯；
（2）按重量份数计，取8～10份表面活性剂，20～30份有机硅烷，10～15份氨水，将表面活性剂和有机硅烷搅拌混合，随后加入氨水搅拌混合，得混合液；
（3）随后将预处理保温被芯置于混合液中，静置浸泡，取出，洗涤，干燥，得改性保温被芯；
所述的抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被的制备过程为：从上到下按照保温被外层-胶黏剂-保温被芯-胶黏剂-保温被内层组坯，随后热压固化，即得抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被。
所述保温被外层为复合聚乙烯编织布或牛津布中的任意一种。
所述保温被芯为喷胶棉或杂羊绒中的任意一种。
所述保温被内层为无纺布或牛皮纸中的任意一种。
所述胶黏剂为环氧树脂E-42，环氧树脂E-44或环氧树脂E-52中的任意一种。
步骤（1）所述巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液是由以下重量份数的原料配置而成：80～100份去离子水，4～6份巴氏芽孢杆菌，10～15份甘油，8～10份乙二醇。
步骤（2）所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠，十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱或十八烷基二甲基甜菜碱中的任意一种。
步骤（2）所述有机硅烷为甲基三甲氧基硅烷，四乙氧基硅烷，辛基三乙氧基硅烷或苯基三氯硅烷中的任意一种。
本发明的有益效果是：
（1）本发明技术方案，保温被芯经巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液浸泡，首先，巴氏芽孢杆菌渗透入保温被芯中，巴氏芽孢杆菌在新陈代谢过程中产生脲酶，脲酶可将体系中的尿素分解生成碳酸根离子和铵根离子，由于巴氏芽孢杆菌细胞壁表面带负电荷，体系中的钙离子会被巴氏芽孢杆菌细胞壁吸附，从而以细胞为晶核，在细菌周围会生成纳米碳酸钙，从而形成纳米碳酸钙支撑体填充在体系中，从而增强体系的力学性能，其次，在后期热压固化过程中，高温杀死纳米碳酸钙内部包裹的巴氏芽孢杆菌，使得纳米碳酸钙内部形成空腔，形成纳米碳酸钙空心微球，纳米碳酸钙空心微球填充在体系中，提升了体系的孔隙率，从而增强体系的保温性能，再次，体系中的铵根离子与硝酸根离子结合生成硝酸铵，后期热压固化过程中，硝酸铵分解生成气体，生成的气体扩散，提升了体系的孔隙率，从而进一步提升了体系的保温性能，另外，硝酸铵可作为有机硅烷的交联催化剂；
（2）本发明技术方案，首先，有机硅烷在硝酸铵和氨水的催化作用下，在保温被芯中交联形成纳米三维网络，纳米三维网络构成的骨架颗粒较小，使得体系的固态导热率减小，从而提升了体系的保温性能，其次，有机硅烷在体系中交联形成纳米三维网络，使得体系中的大孔变成小孔，从而使得孔隙中的气体分子难以发生碰撞，从而减小体系的气体导热率，从而提升体系的保温性能。
具体实施方式
按重量份数计，将80～100份去离子水，4～6份巴氏芽孢杆菌，10～15份甘油，8～10份乙二醇置于1号烧杯中，于转速为300～500r/min条件下，搅拌混合20～30min，得巴士芽孢杆菌菌液；将保温被芯置于盛有巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液的2号烧杯中，再向2号烧杯中加入巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液体积0.1～0.2倍的尿素溶液，随后向2号烧杯中加入巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液体积0.06～0.08倍的质量分数为10～20%的硝酸钙溶液，静置浸泡2～3天，将浸泡后的保温被芯取出，得预处理保温被芯；按重量份数计，取8～10份表面活性剂，20～30份有机硅烷，10～15份质量分数为10～20%的氨水，将表面活性剂和有机硅烷置于三口烧瓶中，于转速为400～500r/min条件下，搅拌混合30～40min，随后向三口烧瓶中加入质量分数为10～20%的氨水，再将三口烧瓶置于数显测速恒温磁力搅拌器中，于温度为35～45℃，转速为300～500r/min条件下，搅拌混合30～50min，得混合液；随后将预处理保温被芯置于盛有混合液的3号烧杯中，静置浸泡1～2h后，将浸泡后预处理保温被芯的取出，随后将经混合液浸泡过的预处理保温被芯用去离子水洗涤3～5次，再将浸泡、洗涤后的预处理保温被芯置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥，得改性保温被芯；从上到下按照保温被外层-胶黏剂-保温被芯-胶黏剂-保温被内层组坯，得坯料，随后将坯料置于热压机中，于温度为120～135℃，压力为2～3MPa条件下，热压固化，即得抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被。所述保温被外层为复合聚乙烯编织布或牛津布中的任意一种。所述保温被芯为喷胶棉或杂羊绒中的任意一种。所述保温被内层为无纺布或牛皮纸中的任意一种。所述胶黏剂为环氧树脂E-42，环氧树脂E-44或环氧树脂E-52中的任意一种。所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠，十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱或十八烷基二甲基甜菜碱中的任意一种。所述有机硅烷为甲基三甲氧基硅烷，四乙氧基硅烷，辛基三乙氧基硅烷或苯基三氯硅烷中的任意一种。
实例1
按重量份数计，将100份去离子水，6份巴氏芽孢杆菌，15份甘油，10份乙二醇置于1号烧杯中，于转速为500r/min条件下，搅拌混合30min，得巴士芽孢杆菌菌液；将保温被芯置于盛有巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液的2号烧杯中，再向2号烧杯中加入巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液体积0.2倍的尿素溶液，随后向2号烧杯中加入巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液体积0.08倍的质量分数为20%的硝酸钙溶液，静置浸泡3天，将浸泡后的保温被芯取出，得预处理保温被芯；按重量份数计，取10份表面活性剂，30份有机硅烷，15份质量分数为20%的氨水，将表面活性剂和有机硅烷置于三口烧瓶中，于转速为500r/min条件下，搅拌混合40min，随后向三口烧瓶中加入质量分数为20%的氨水，再将三口烧瓶置于数显测速恒温磁力搅拌器中，于温度为45℃，转速为500r/min条件下，搅拌混合50min，得混合液；随后将预处理保温被芯置于盛有混合液的3号烧杯中，静置浸泡2h后，将浸泡后预处理保温被芯的取出，随后将经混合液浸泡过的预处理保温被芯用去离子水洗涤5次，再将浸泡、洗涤后的预处理保温被芯置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥，得改性保温被芯；从上到下按照保温被外层-胶黏剂-保温被芯-胶黏剂-保温被内层组坯，得坯料，随后将坯料置于热压机中，于温度为135℃，压力为3MPa条件下，热压固化，即得抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被。所述保温被外层为复合聚乙烯编织布。所述保温被芯为喷胶棉。所述保温被内层为无纺布。所述胶黏剂为环氧树脂E-42。所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠。所述有机硅烷为甲基三甲氧基硅烷。
实例2
按重量份数计，取10份表面活性剂，30份有机硅烷，15份质量分数为20%的氨水，将表面活性剂和有机硅烷置于三口烧瓶中，于转速为500r/min条件下，搅拌混合40min，随后向三口烧瓶中加入质量分数为20%的氨水，再将三口烧瓶置于数显测速恒温磁力搅拌器中，于温度为45℃，转速为500r/min条件下，搅拌混合50min，得混合液；随后将保温被芯置于盛有混合液的3号烧杯中，静置浸泡2h后，将浸泡后保温被芯的取出，随后将经混合液浸泡过的保温被芯用去离子水洗涤5次，再将浸泡、洗涤后的保温被芯置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥，得改性保温被芯；从上到下按照保温被外层-胶黏剂-保温被芯-胶黏剂-保温被内层组坯，得坯料，随后将坯料置于热压机中，于温度为135℃，压力为3MPa条件下，热压固化，即得抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被。所述保温被外层为复合聚乙烯编织布。所述保温被芯为喷胶棉。所述保温被内层为无纺布。所述胶黏剂为环氧树脂E-42。所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠。所述有机硅烷为甲基三甲氧基硅烷。
实例3
按重量份数计，将100份去离子水，6份巴氏芽孢杆菌，15份甘油，10份乙二醇置于1号烧杯中，于转速为500r/min条件下，搅拌混合30min，得巴士芽孢杆菌菌液；将保温被芯置于盛有巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液的2号烧杯中，再向2号烧杯中加入巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液体积0.2倍的尿素溶液，随后向2号烧杯中加入巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液体积0.08倍的质量分数为20%的硝酸钙溶液，静置浸泡3天，将浸泡后的保温被芯取出，得预处理保温被芯，即得改性保温被芯；从上到下按照保温被外层-胶黏剂-保温被芯-胶黏剂-保温被内层组坯，得坯料，随后将坯料置于热压机中，于温度为135℃，压力为3MPa条件下，热压固化，即得抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被。所述保温被外层为复合聚乙烯编织布。所述保温被芯为喷胶棉。所述保温被内层为无纺布。所述胶黏剂为环氧树脂E-42。所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠。所述有机硅烷为甲基三甲氧基硅烷。
对比例：任丘市某保温材料有限公司生产的大棚保温被。
将实例1至3所得的抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被及对比例产品进行性能检测，具体检测方法如下：
1.力学性能：按照DB11/T 820检测试件拉抗强度；
2.保温性能：按照DB11/T 820检测试件导热系数。
具体检测结果如表1所示：
表1：力学性能及保温性能具体检测结果
由表1检测结果可知，本发明技术方案制备的抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被具有优异的力学性能及保温性能的特点，在温室保温被行业的发展中具有广阔的前景。

Claims (8)

1.一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被，包括保温被外层，保温被芯，保温被内层和胶黏剂，其特征在于：
所述保温被芯为改性保温被芯，所述改性保温被芯的改性步骤为：
（1）将保温被芯置于巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液中，再加入巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液体积0.1～0.2倍的尿素溶液，随后加入巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液体积0.06～0.08倍的硝酸钙溶液，静置浸泡，取出，得预处理保温被芯；
（2）按重量份数计，取8～10份表面活性剂，20～30份有机硅烷，10～15份氨水，将表面活性剂和有机硅烷搅拌混合，随后加入氨水搅拌混合，得混合液；
（3）随后将预处理保温被芯置于混合液中，静置浸泡，取出，洗涤，干燥，得改性保温被芯；
所述的抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被的制备过程为：从上到下按照保温被外层-胶黏剂-保温被芯-胶黏剂-保温被内层组坯，随后热压固化，即得抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被，其特征在于：所述保温被外层为复合聚乙烯编织布或牛津布中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被，其特征在于：所述保温被芯为喷胶棉或杂羊绒中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被，其特征在于：所述保温被内层为无纺布或牛皮纸中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被，其特征在于：所述胶黏剂为环氧树脂E-42，环氧树脂E-44或环氧树脂E-52中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被，其特征在于：步骤（1）所述巴氏芽孢杆菌菌液是由以下重量份数的原料配置而成：80～100份去离子水，4～6份巴氏芽孢杆菌，10～15份甘油，8～10份乙二醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被，其特征在于：步骤（2）所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠，十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱或十八烷基二甲基甜菜碱中的任意一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种抗拉伸温室外覆盖保温被，其特征在于：步骤（2）所述有机硅烷为甲基三甲氧基硅烷，四乙氧基硅烷，辛基三乙氧基硅烷或苯基三氯硅烷中的任意一种。
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