CN108162547A - 一种高效节能冷库保温板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高效节能冷库保温板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108162547A CN108162547A CN201810023329.8A CN201810023329A CN108162547A CN 108162547 A CN108162547 A CN 108162547A CN 201810023329 A CN201810023329 A CN 201810023329A CN 108162547 A CN108162547 A CN 108162547A
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- layer
- parts
- foam cement
- insulation board
- energy
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Classifications
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- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- C04B28/145—Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高效节能冷库保温板，包括STP板芯层、保温加固层、防护层，所述保温加固层包覆于STP板芯层外，防护层覆盖于保温加固层外；所述的STP板芯层包括阻气膜和芯材，阻气膜包裹于芯材外部，并与芯材之间通过抽真空封装；所述保温加固层为聚苯颗粒增强型发泡水泥；所述高效节能冷库保温板含有或不含有STP板芯层支撑件。本发明的技术方案发挥了真空绝热板轻薄隔热、保温性能优异以及发泡水泥质轻耐磨的特性并使得二者有机结合，聚苯颗粒增强型发泡水泥覆盖防护层后使得复合冷库保温板防火阻燃、保温性能优于市面上的其它冷库板，施工简单方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑技术领域，具体涉及一种高效节能冷库保温板及其制备方法。
背景技术
为了适应我国冷链物流业快速发展的需要，需加强冷链物流基础设施建设，其中必然加大力度实施冷库建设工程。装配式冷库( 通常为装配式大型二层钢结构冷库) 是近年发展起来的一种拼装快速简易的冷藏设备，它与传统的土建冷库相比具有良好的保温隔热和防潮防水性能，其温度适用范围在-50～+100℃。装配式大型冷库一般包括钢结构骨架，并辅以隔热保温墙体、顶盖和底架，使其达到隔热、防潮、保温等性能要求。在装配式冷库的钢结构骨架安装完成后，需要把内外墙保温隔热的保温板逐块地进行拼装并固定在钢结构骨架上。
随着低碳经济的到来，我国对冷库的建筑节能要求也愈来愈高。目前各种各样的冷库建筑保温材料多达几十种，以聚苯板（EPS）、挤塑板（XPS）、聚氨酯（PU）为主的有机保温板材，占整个保温材料市场的90% 以上。有机保温板材的保温隔热性能虽然突出，但阻燃防火性能上则稍逊一筹。近年来，上海、北京、沈阳等各地因有机保温板材引发的火灾，引起全社会的广泛关注，市场急迫需要既节能又防火的建筑保温板材。
本发明提供了一种发泡水泥复合真空绝热保温板而成的新型冷库板，本发明结构合理、强度等各项性能指标均达到国家标准，同时成本低、施工简单、保温性及安全性优良。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高效节能冷库保温板，用以解决现有聚氨酯冷库板易燃、安全性低以及STP真空绝热板易被刮伤而影响保温效果的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：一种高效节能冷库保温板，所述的高效节能冷库保温板包括STP板芯层、保温加固层、防护层，所述保温加固层包覆于STP板芯层外，防护层覆盖于保温加固层外；所述的STP板芯层包括阻气膜和芯材，阻气膜包裹于芯材外部，并与芯材之间通过抽真空封装；所述保温加固层为发泡水泥；所述防护层为彩钢板、不锈钢板、铝板、镀锌钢板或盐化钢板中的一种；所述阻气膜为丙烯酸-二氯乙烯共聚物薄膜复合PE膜而成，所述丙烯酸单体的用量为二氯乙烯单体的用量的12-20%；所述高效节能冷库保温板含有或不含有STP板芯层支撑件；所述高效节能冷库保温板侧边设置有偏心钩；
进一步地，所述发泡水泥为聚苯颗粒增强型发泡水泥，组成按重量份数计为：无机胶凝材料100-300份、聚苯颗粒5-10份、骨料30-80份、助剂1-20份、水80-300份；
进一步地，所述无机胶凝材料包括硅酸盐水泥、高铝水泥、快硬硫铝酸盐水泥、硬石膏、半水石膏中的一种或几种的混合物；
所述骨料包括中砂、细砂、粉煤灰、灰钙、重钙中的一种或几种的混合物；
所述助剂包括保水剂、早强剂、缓凝剂、减水剂、膨胀剂、塑化剂、增韧剂中的一种或几种的混合物；
进一步地，所述保水剂为羟甲基丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基羟乙基纤维素醚、甲基羟丙基纤维素醚中的一种或几种；
所述早强剂为四聚丙烯基苯磺酸钠、椰油酸二乙醇胺和偏硅酸钠的混合物；
进一步地，所述缓凝剂为多元醇、聚乙烯醇中的一种或两种；
所述减水剂为萘系减水剂或聚羧酸系减水剂的一种或两种；
进一步地，质量浓度为20-35%的双氧水、铝粉或铁粉中的一种或几种；
所述塑化剂为环氧油酸甘油酯与油酸钙的混合物；
进一步地，所述增韧剂为聚丙烯酰胺水溶液与聚丙烯纤维、甲基丙烯酸酯的混合物。
本申请还公开了如上所述的高效节能冷库保温板的制备方法，包括以下具体步骤：
1）将防护层放置于模具底部并在防护层上固定定位部件，在定位部件上固定STP板芯层支撑件；
2）将制备发泡水泥的各组份按重量份数称量后，混合得到混合物并注入水泥发泡机中并注入发泡水泥于模具中；
3）压入STP板芯层，并再次向模具中注入发泡水泥至覆盖STP板芯层，再次压入一层STP板芯层，两层STP板芯层错缝放置，再次注入发泡水泥至填充满模具、预埋公母偏心钩；
4）扣上防护层，养护，脱模。
本申请还公开了如上所述的高效节能冷库保温板的另一种制备方法，包括以下具体步骤：
1）将防护层放置于模具底部；
2）将制备发泡水泥的各组份按重量份数称量后，混合得到混合物并注入水泥发泡机中并注入发泡水泥于模具中；
3）压入STP板芯层，并再次向模具中注入发泡水泥至覆盖STP板芯层，再次压入一层STP板芯层，两层STP板芯层错缝放置，再次注入发泡水泥至填充满模具、预埋公母偏心钩；
4）扣上防护层，养护，脱模。
进一步地，养护条件为室温，养护时间为6-72h。
本发明具有如下优点：
1）本发明提供了一种结构合理的复合冷库保温板，充分发挥了真空绝热板轻薄隔热、保温性能优异以及发泡水泥质轻耐磨的特性并使得二者有机结合，发泡水泥覆盖彩钢板等防护层后使得本发明的复合冷库保温板防火阻燃、保温性能优于市面上的其它冷库板，发泡水泥浆料中加入聚苯颗粒更提高了耐火性和耐候性；
2）本发明技术方案所采用的发泡水泥配方得到的发泡水泥具有不易空鼓、强度高、气孔均为封闭气孔从而大大降低吸水率的优点，在发泡水泥制备过程中气泡不易塌陷且分散均匀、气泡之间完全封闭且相互之间不易连通因而使得吸水率大大降低且强度高、韧性好；
3）本发明技术方案中特别采用了聚丙烯酰胺水溶液与聚丙烯纤维、甲基丙烯酸酯复配得到的增韧剂，其中利用了聚丙烯酰胺水溶液的流变特性以及在水泥水化过程中利用放热产生的热量使聚丙烯酰胺水溶液黏性降低从而使得聚丙烯纤维均匀分散其中、不易团聚，能大大提高发泡水泥的韧性、耐冲击性并降低吸湿度，并可有效提高萘系减水剂尤其是萘磺酸盐甲醛聚合物对水泥的适应性、降低其对硫酸钠的敏感度；
4）本发明技术方案中所采用的早强剂为四聚丙烯基苯磺酸钠、椰油酸二乙醇胺和偏硅酸钠复配而成，能生成水化硅酸钙凝胶从而有效提高发泡水泥层与防护层如彩钢板等的结合强度，使得施工过程中可以根据实际需要选择是否需要加入连接件从而提高了冷库板的整体强度及完整度。
具体实施方式
一种高效节能冷库保温板，所述的高效节能冷库保温板包括STP板芯层、保温加固层、防护层，所述保温加固层包覆于STP板芯层外，防护层覆盖于保温加固层外；所述的STP板芯层包括阻气膜和芯材，阻气膜包裹于芯材外部，并与芯材之间通过抽真空封装；所述保温加固层为发泡水泥；所述防护层为彩钢板、不锈钢板、铝板、镀锌钢板或盐化钢板中的一种；阻气膜为丙烯酸-二氯乙烯共聚物薄膜复合PE膜而成，所述丙烯酸单体的用量为二氯乙烯单体的用量的12-20%；所述高效节能冷库保温板含有或不含有STP板芯层支撑件；所述高效节能冷库保温板侧边设置有偏心钩；
作为优选，所述发泡水泥为聚苯颗粒增强型发泡水泥，组成按重量份数计为：无机胶凝材料100-300份、聚苯颗粒5-10份、骨料30-80份、助剂1-20份、水80-300份；
作为优选，所述无机胶凝材料包括硅酸盐水泥、高铝水泥、快硬硫铝酸盐水泥、硬石膏、半水石膏中的一种或几种的混合物；
所述骨料包括中砂、细砂、粉煤灰、灰钙、重钙中的一种或几种的混合物；
所述助剂包括保水剂、早强剂、缓凝剂、减水剂、膨胀剂、塑化剂、增韧剂中的一种或几种的混合物；
作为优选，所述保水剂为羟甲基丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基羟乙基纤维素醚、甲基羟丙基纤维素醚中的一种或几种；
所述早强剂为四聚丙烯基苯磺酸钠、椰油酸二乙醇胺和偏硅酸钠的混合物；
作为优选，早强剂为四聚丙烯基苯磺酸钠、椰油酸二乙醇胺和偏硅酸钠质量比为1:1:1-2的混合物。
本发明所采用的早强剂为四聚丙烯基苯磺酸钠、椰油酸二乙醇胺和偏硅酸钠复配而成，能生成水化硅酸钙凝胶从而有效提高发泡水泥层与防护层如彩钢板等的结合强度，使得施工过程中可以根据实际需要选择是否需要加入连接件从而提高了冷库板的整体强度及完整度；
作为优选，所述缓凝剂为多元醇、聚乙烯醇中的一种或两种；
所述减水剂为萘系减水剂或聚羧酸系减水剂的一种或两种；
作为优选，质量浓度为20-35%的双氧水、铝粉或铁粉中的一种或几种；
所述塑化剂为环氧油酸甘油酯与油酸钙的混合物；
作为优选，所述塑化剂为环氧油酸甘油酯与油酸钙质量比为1:1-4的混合物，优选1:2；
作为优选，所述增韧剂为聚丙烯酰胺水溶液与聚丙烯纤维、甲基丙烯酸酯的混合物；
作为优选，所述增韧剂为非离子聚丙烯酰胺的质量分数为0.5%的水溶液与聚丙烯纤维、甲基丙烯酸酯质量比为1:0.2:0.1的混合物。
本发明技术方案中采用的聚丙烯酰胺水溶液与聚丙烯纤维、甲基丙烯酸酯复配得到的增韧剂，其中利用了聚丙烯酰胺水溶液的流变特性以及在水泥水化过程中利用放热产生的热量使聚丙烯酰胺水溶液黏性降低从而使得聚丙烯纤维均匀分散其中、不易团聚，能大大提高发泡水泥的韧性、耐冲击性并降低吸湿度，并可有效提高萘系减水剂尤其是萘磺酸盐甲醛聚合物对水泥的适应性、降低其对硫酸钠的敏感度。
如上所述的高效节能冷库保温板的制备方法，包括以下具体步骤：
1）将防护层放置于模具底部并在防护层上固定定位部件，在定位部件上固定STP板芯层支撑件；
2）将制备发泡水泥的各组份按重量份数称量后，混合得到混合物并注入水泥发泡机中并注入发泡水泥于模具中；
3）压入STP板芯层，并再次向模具中注入发泡水泥至覆盖STP板芯层，再次压入一层STP板芯层，两层STP板芯层错缝放置，再次注入发泡水泥至填充满模具、预埋公母偏心钩；
4）扣上防护层，养护，脱模。
如上所述的高效节能冷库保温板的另一种制备方法，包括以下具体步骤：
1）将防护层放置于模具底部；
2）将制备发泡水泥的各组份按重量份数称量后，混合得到混合物并注入水泥发泡机中并注入发泡水泥于模具中；
3）压入STP板芯层，并再次向模具中注入发泡水泥至覆盖STP板芯层，再次压入一层STP板芯层，两层STP板芯层错缝放置，再次注入发泡水泥至填充满模具、预埋公母偏心钩；
4）扣上防护层，养护，脱模。
作为优选，养护条件为室温，养护时间为6-24h。
下面通过具体实施例来进一步说明。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种高效节能冷库保温板，包括STP板芯层、发泡水泥层、防护层；所述STP板芯层的芯材采用微硅粉、阻气膜采用乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物薄膜，所述防护层采用彩钢板；所述发泡水泥层所使用的发泡水泥为聚苯颗粒增强型，组成按重量份数计为：硅酸盐水泥200份、聚苯颗粒8份、细砂与粉煤灰重量比1:1的混合物40份、助剂20份、水180份，其中，助剂的具体组成为：羟甲基纤维素1份，四聚丙烯基苯磺酸钠、椰油酸二乙醇胺和偏硅酸钠质量比为1:1:1的混合物3份、聚乙烯醇2份、聚羧酸系减水剂2份、质量浓度为25%的双氧水8份、环氧油酸甘油酯与油酸钙质量比为1:2的混合物1份、非离子聚丙烯酰胺的质量分数为0.5%的水溶液与聚丙烯纤维（长度3-12mm）、甲基丙烯酸酯质量比为1:0.2:0.1的混合物3份。
如上所述的高效节能冷库保温板的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
1）将彩钢板放置于模具底部并在彩钢板上固定蘑菇钉，在蘑菇钉上固定STP板芯层支撑件；
2）将制备发泡水泥的各组份按重量份数称量后，混合得到混合物并注入水泥发泡机中并注入发泡水泥于模具中；
3）压入STP板芯层，并再次向模具中注入发泡水泥至覆盖STP板芯层，再次压入一层STP板芯层，两层STP板芯层错缝放置，再次注入发泡水泥至填充满模具、预埋公母偏心钩；
4）扣上彩钢板，彩钢板进行折边并连接结构槽，室温下养护8h，脱模。
此配比条件下，高效节能冷库保温板（STP板芯层厚度为1cm×2、两个表面复合4cm厚的聚苯颗粒增强型发泡水泥保温加固层及两层彩钢板）性能如下：抗压强度为1.25MPa，导热系数为0.013W/(m•K)。
实施例2
一种高效节能冷库保温板，包括STP板芯层、发泡水泥层、防护层；所述STP板芯层的芯材采用微硅粉、阻气膜采用乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物薄膜，所述防护层采用铝板；所述发泡水泥层所使用的发泡水泥的组成按重量份数计为：快硬硫铝酸盐水泥250份、聚苯颗粒10份、重钙与粉煤灰重量比1:1的混合物30份、助剂20份、水160份，其中，助剂的具体组成为：羟甲基纤维素1份，四聚丙烯基苯磺酸钠、椰油酸二乙醇胺和偏硅酸钠质量比为1:1:1的混合物3份、乙二醇2份、萘系减水剂3份、质量浓度为25%的双氧水7份、环氧油酸甘油酯与油酸钙质量比为1:2的混合物1份、非离子聚丙烯酰胺的质量分数为0.5%的水溶液与聚丙烯纤维（长度3-12mm）、甲基丙烯酸酯质量比为0.8:0.2:0.1的混合物3份。
如上所述的高效节能冷库保温板的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
1）将铝板放置于模具底部并在铝板上固定蘑菇钉，在蘑菇钉上固定STP板芯层支撑件；
2）将制备发泡水泥的各组份按重量份数称量后，混合得到混合物并注入水泥发泡机中并注入发泡水泥于模具中；
3）压入STP板芯层，并再次向模具中注入发泡水泥至覆盖STP板芯层，再次压入一层STP板芯层，两层STP板芯层错缝放置，再次注入发泡水泥至填充满模具、预埋公母偏心钩；
4）扣上铝板，铝板进行折边并连接结构槽，室温下养护8h，脱模。
此配比条件下，高效节能冷库保温板（STP板芯层厚度为1cm×2、两个表面复合4cm厚的聚苯颗粒增强型发泡水泥保温加固层及两层铝板）性能如下：抗压强度为1.28MPa，导热系数为0.014W/(m•K)。
实施例3
一种高效节能冷库保温板，包括STP板芯层、发泡水泥层、防护层；所述STP板芯层的芯材采用微硅粉、阻气膜采用乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物薄膜，所述防护层采用不锈钢板；所述发泡水泥层所使用的发泡水泥的组成按重量份数计为：硅酸盐水泥200份、聚苯颗粒5份、细砂与粉煤灰重量比1:1的混合物40份、助剂20份、水180份，其中，助剂的具体组成为：羟甲基纤维素1份，四聚丙烯基苯磺酸钠、椰油酸二乙醇胺和偏硅酸钠质量比为1:1:1的混合物3份、己二醇2份、聚羧酸系减水剂2份、质量浓度为30%的双氧水8份、环氧油酸甘油酯与油酸钙质量比为1:2的混合物1份、非离子聚丙烯酰胺的质量分数为0.5%的水溶液与聚丙烯纤维（长度3-12mm）、甲基丙烯酸酯质量比为1:0.2:0.1的混合物3份。
如上所述的高效节能冷库保温板的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
1）将不锈钢板放置于模具底部；
2）将制备发泡水泥的各组份按重量份数称量后，混合得到混合物并注入水泥发泡机中并注入发泡水泥于模具中；
3）压入STP板芯层，并再次向模具中注入发泡水泥至覆盖STP板芯层，再次压入一层STP板芯层，两层STP板芯层错缝放置，再次注入发泡水泥至填充满模具、预埋公母偏心钩；
4）扣上不锈钢板，不锈钢板进行折边并连接结构槽，室温下养护8h，脱模。
此配比条件下，高效节能冷库保温板（STP板芯层厚度为1cm×2、两个表面复合4cm厚的聚苯颗粒增强型发泡水泥保温加固层及两层不锈钢板）性能如下：抗压强度为1.27MPa，导热系数为0.015W/(m•K)。
实施例4
实施例1-3中使用的阻气膜为丙烯酸-二氯乙烯共聚物薄膜，其制备步骤如下：
室温下将丙烯酸与二氯乙烯、水、乳化剂四聚丙烯基苯磺酸钠加入反应器中，丙烯酸单体用量为二氯乙烯单体用量的12%，乳化剂用量为二氯乙烯单体用量的1.5%，水的加入量为二氯乙烯单体用量的75%，搅拌并进行乳化，升温至65-70℃加入二氯乙烯单体用量的0.5%的过硫酸铵作为引发剂恒温反应3h后得到丙烯酸-二氯乙烯共聚物；经胶辊将制备得到的丙烯酸-二氯乙烯共聚物涂覆在PE膜上并经常规湿法复合工艺制备得到真空绝热板用高阻气膜。
经试验测得，上述真空绝热板用高阻气膜的水蒸气透过率为4×10-5[g/(m2 ▪day)]，并且与发泡水泥等材料粘接性能优秀。
表1列出了如实施例1-3的技术方案制备得到的2000×960×100mm规格的高效节能冷库保温板相关性能的实验数据。
表1 2000×960×100mm规格的高效节能冷库保温板相关性能的实验数据
*对照组1除增韧剂为聚丙烯纤维与甲基丙烯酸酯质量比为2:1的混合物外其它均与实施例1技术方案相同；对照组2除不使用早强剂外其它均与实施例1技术方案相同；
**各项指标的测试方法按照《水泥基泡沫保温板》（JC/T2200-2013）进行。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明（或实用新型）作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种高效节能冷库保温板，其特征在于，所述的高效节能冷库保温板包括STP板芯层、保温加固层、防护层，所述保温加固层包覆于STP板芯层外，防护层覆盖于保温加固层外；所述的STP板芯层包括阻气膜和芯材，阻气膜包裹于芯材外部，并与芯材之间通过抽真空封装；所述保温加固层为发泡水泥；所述防护层为彩钢板、不锈钢板、铝板、镀锌钢板或盐化钢板中的一种；阻气膜为丙烯酸-二氯乙烯共聚物薄膜复合PE膜而成，所述丙烯酸单体的用量为二氯乙烯单体的用量的12-20%；所述高效节能冷库保温板含有或不含有STP板芯层支撑件；所述高效节能冷库保温板侧边设置有偏心钩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高效节能冷库保温板，其特征在于，所述发泡水泥为聚苯颗粒增强型发泡水泥，其组成按重量份数计为：无机胶凝材料100-300份、聚苯颗粒5-10份、骨料30-80份、助剂1-20份、水80-300份；
优选地，所述无机胶凝材料包括硅酸盐水泥、高铝水泥、快硬硫铝酸盐水泥、硬石膏、半水石膏中的一种或几种的混合物；
所述骨料包括中砂、细砂、粉煤灰、灰钙、重钙中的一种或几种的混合物；
所述助剂包括保水剂、早强剂、缓凝剂、减水剂、膨胀剂、塑化剂、增韧剂中的一种或几种的混合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高效节能冷库保温板，其特征在于，所述缓凝剂为多元醇、聚乙烯醇中的一种或两种；
所述减水剂为萘系减水剂或聚羧酸系减水剂的一种或两种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的高效节能冷库保温板，其特征在于，所述膨胀剂为质量浓度为20-35%的双氧水、铝粉或铁粉中的一种或几种；
所述塑化剂为环氧油酸甘油酯与油酸钙的混合物。
5.一种高效节能冷库保温板，其特征在于，所述的高效节能冷库保温板包括STP板芯层、保温加固层、防护层，所述保温加固层包覆于STP板芯层外，防护层覆盖于保温加固层外；所述的STP板芯层包括阻气膜和芯材，阻气膜包裹于芯材外部，并与芯材之间通过抽真空封装；所述保温加固层为发泡水泥；
所述发泡水泥为聚苯颗粒增强型发泡水泥，其组成按重量份数计为：无机胶凝材料100-300份、聚苯颗粒5-10份、骨料30-80份、助剂1-20份、水80-300份；
所述助剂包括保水剂、早强剂、缓凝剂、减水剂、膨胀剂、塑化剂、增韧剂中的一种或几种的混合物;
所述保水剂为羟甲基丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基羟乙基纤维素醚、甲基羟丙基纤维素醚中的一种或几种；
所述早强剂为四聚丙烯基苯磺酸钠、椰油酸二乙醇胺和偏硅酸钠的混合物。
6.一种高效节能冷库保温板，其特征在于，所述的高效节能冷库保温板包括STP板芯层、保温加固层、防护层，所述保温加固层包覆于STP板芯层外，防护层覆盖于保温加固层外；所述的STP板芯层包括阻气膜和芯材，阻气膜包裹于芯材外部，并与芯材之间通过抽真空封装；所述保温加固层为发泡水泥；
所述发泡水泥为聚苯颗粒增强型发泡水泥，其组成按重量份数计为：无机胶凝材料100-300份、聚苯颗粒5-10份、骨料30-80份、助剂1-20份、水80-300份；
所述助剂包括保水剂、早强剂、缓凝剂、减水剂、膨胀剂、塑化剂、增韧剂中的一种或几种的混合物;
所述保水剂为羟甲基丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基羟乙基纤维素醚、甲基羟丙基纤维素醚中的一种或几种；
所述增韧剂为聚丙烯酰胺水溶液与聚丙烯纤维、甲基丙烯酸酯的混合物。
7.一种如权利要求1-6任一项所述的高效节能冷库保温板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
1）将防护层放置于模具底部并在防护层上固定定位部件，在定位部件上固定STP板芯层支撑件；
2）将制备发泡水泥的各组份按重量份数称量后，混合得到混合物并注入水泥发泡机中并注入发泡水泥于模具中；
3）压入STP板芯层，并再次向模具中注入发泡水泥至覆盖STP板芯层，再次压入一层STP板芯层，两层STP板芯层错缝放置，再次注入发泡水泥至填充满模具、预埋公母偏心钩；
4）扣上防护层，养护，脱模。
8.一种如权利要求1-6任一项所述的高效节能冷库保温板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
1）将防护层放置于模具底部；
2）将制备发泡水泥的各组份按重量份数称量后，混合得到混合物并注入水泥发泡机中并注入发泡水泥于模具中；
3）压入STP板芯层，并再次向模具中注入发泡水泥至覆盖STP板芯层，再次压入一层STP板芯层，两层STP板芯层错缝放置，再次注入发泡水泥至填充满模具、预埋公母偏心钩；
4）扣上防护层，养护，脱模。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，养护条件为室温，养护时间为6-72h。
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