CN108157104B - Method for cultivating tobacco plants for protecting and expanding aphidiidae - Google Patents
Method for cultivating tobacco plants for protecting and expanding aphidiidae Download PDFInfo
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- CN108157104B CN108157104B CN201711320323.9A CN201711320323A CN108157104B CN 108157104 B CN108157104 B CN 108157104B CN 201711320323 A CN201711320323 A CN 201711320323A CN 108157104 B CN108157104 B CN 108157104B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating a tobacco plant for protecting and expanding aphidiidae seeds, which comprises the steps of using a greenhouse to cultivate aphidiidae seeds and expanding tobacco plants, building a small arched shed for heat preservation when the temperature is lower in 2 months, setting the temperature to be 3-7 ℃ higher than the temperature of the greenhouse, enabling tobacco branches to grow rapidly, meeting the requirement of tobacco aphid expanding seeds on the tobacco plants in 20-30 days, and ensuring the time node of the subsequent aphidiidae cultivation work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for cultivating tobacco plants for protecting and expanding aphidiidae, and belongs to the technical field of biological prevention and control of aphidiidae.
Background
Myzus persicae for biological prevention and control of myzus persicae generally needs four links of seed preservation, seed expansion, propagation expansion and release. In the seed protection and environment expansion sections of the myzus persicae, the food cultivation of the myzus persicae is the most important and basic work. At the present stage, tobacco enterprises all adopt a mode of protecting the seeds of potted tobacco plants and cultivating and expanding the seeds of the tobacco plants by floating trays. The tobacco plants for the pot culture and the seed preservation need to be sown every year, and then the tobacco plants are transplanted into the pots, so that the pots are small in volume, water and fertilizer are not easy to preserve, the management requirement is fine, and the management cost is high; the tobacco plants for the floating tray seed expansion are greatly influenced by air temperature, the seeding time has certain requirements, the seed expansion time is carried out in the last ten days of 4 months, the tobacco plants for the floating tray seed expansion in the last ten days of 1 month are smaller, the leaf area is insufficient, the requirement for aphid seed expansion cannot be met, the air temperature is increased in the later period, the tobacco plants grow rapidly, the tobacco plants are in a nutrition pond, the humidity is high, the difficulty in fertilizer and water management is high, the management cost is high, aphid mold damage is easy to occur, the aphid death is caused, and the seed expansion failure is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of cultivating tobacco plants through a greenhouse and cultivating the tobacco plants through a small arched shed, and solving the problems that in the prior art, potted tobacco plants need to be sown every year and transplanted into pots, the pot volume is small, water and fertilizer are not easy to preserve, the management requirement is fine, and the management cost is high; the problem of prior art float dish cultivation tobacco plant expand kind growth cycle long, receive ambient temperature, humidity to influence greatly, the management degree of difficulty is big, easily takes place aphid mould and leads to the aphid to die, causes to expand kind failure is solved in order to solve.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for cultivating tobacco plants for protecting and expanding aphidiidae comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ridging the greenhouse ground, wherein the ridge spacing is 50-80cm, and transplanting virus-free tobacco seedlings to ridge rows according to the plant spacing of 30-40cm in the last ten days of 3 months;
step two: cutting off the tobacco plant above 15-20cm away from the ground after the seed expansion is finished, simultaneously removing the residual leaves of the tobacco plant, and then spraying a disinfectant;
step three: thoroughly watering the ridge bodies, and then, watering again for permeating water as long as whitening of the soil of the ridge bodies is found;
step four: applying a special base fertilizer aqueous solution for flue-cured tobacco to the cut tobacco plants in the last 2 months of the next year, then building a small arched shed with the height of 80-90cm on the tobacco plants, covering a film on the small arched shed for heat preservation, and setting the temperature to be 3-7 ℃ higher than the temperature of the greenhouse;
step five: after 15 days, applying the special base fertilizer aqueous solution for flue-cured tobacco in the fourth step to the tobacco plants again;
step six: after the tobacco plant axilla grows to 30-40cm, 3-5 axilla branches and 5-6 leaves, removing the small arched shed for aphid expanding, and performing conventional fertilizer and water management until the expanding is finished.
Further, the first step to the sixth step are cultivation methods of tobacco plants for expanding seeds, the tobacco plants for protecting seeds only need to control the height of the tobacco plants, namely, the tobacco plants transplanted in the first step are topped after reaching 40-50cm, axillary buds and branch leaves are used for protecting seeds, the tobacco plants do not need to be transplanted every year, and only the conventional fertilizer and water management and cyclic utilization are needed.
Further, the disinfectant in the second step is 0.1% of chlorine dioxide.
And further, in the fourth step, the concentration of the special base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is 5%, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 9:12: 23.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the tobacco plant for seed protection can be continuously used for many years, the existing potted tobacco plant for seed protection is not required to be sown and transplanted every year, the management is simple, and the management cost can be reduced by more than 50%;
2. the method is used for cultivating tobacco plants in soil, the humidity of the soil environment is much lower than that of a nutrition pool of the existing floating tray seed expansion technology, no aphid mold occurs, and the problem of high aphid mold occurrence rate of the existing floating tray seed expansion technology is solved;
3. after a small arched shed is built in the greenhouse, the temperature can be effectively raised to be 3-7 ℃ higher than the greenhouse, the tobacco branches grow rapidly, the requirement of the myzus persicae on tobacco plant expansion can be met within 20-30 days, and the propagation speed and quantity of the myzus persicae and the time node requirements of subsequent aphid propagation and aphidiidae propagation and release work are met.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples:
culturing the tobacco plants for seed preservation: the tobacco plant for seed protection only needs to control the height of the tobacco plant, and the process is as follows: ridging on the ground of the greenhouse, transplanting virus-free tobacco seedlings to ridge rows at the row spacing of 50-80cm in 3 last ten days, topping the tobacco plants after the row spacing reaches 40-50cm, and protecting the seeds by using axillary buds and twigs, wherein the tobacco plants can be continuously used for many years without seeding and transplanting every year, and the common fertilizer and water management is simple and can reduce the management cost by more than 50%.
Culturing tobacco plants for seed expansion: the method comprises the following steps: ridging the greenhouse ground, wherein the ridge spacing is 50-80cm, and transplanting virus-free tobacco seedlings to ridge rows according to the plant spacing of 30-40cm in the last ten days of 3 months;
step two: after the seed expansion is finished, cutting off the part of the tobacco plant which is 15-20cm away from the ground, simultaneously removing the residual leaves of the tobacco plant, and then spraying 0.1% of disinfectant chlorine dioxide;
step three: thoroughly watering the ridge bodies, and then, watering again for permeating water as long as whitening of the soil of the ridge bodies is found;
step four: applying a special base fertilizer aqueous solution with the concentration of 5% and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 9:12:23 to the cut tobacco plants in the last 2 months of the next year, then building a small arched shed with the height of 80-90cm on the tobacco plants, covering a film on the small arched shed, and preserving heat, wherein the temperature is set to be 3-7 ℃ higher than the temperature of the small arched shed;
step five: after 15 days, applying the special base fertilizer aqueous solution for flue-cured tobacco in the fourth step to the tobacco plants again;
step six: after the axillary tobacco plants grow to 30-40cm, 3-5 axillary branches and 5-6 leaves, removing the small arched shed for aphid expanding, and performing conventional fertilizer and water management until the expanding is finished.
The tobacco plants cultivated by the method have no aphid mold, the number of aphids per plant is more than 2000 after the aphids are planted for 15 days, after a small arched shed is built in the greenhouse, tobacco branches grow rapidly, the requirement of the aphids on the tobacco plants after the aphids are planted for 20-30 days can be met, the propagation speed and the number of the tobacco aphids and the time nodes of the subsequent aphids propagation, the aphidiidae propagation and release work are solved, and the biological prevention and control of the aphids by the aphidiidae are promoted.
Claims (4)
1. A method for cultivating tobacco plants for protecting and expanding aphidiidae is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ridging the greenhouse ground, transplanting virus-free tobacco seedlings to ridge rows according to the row spacing of 30-40cm in the last 3 months, and performing seed expansion after the tobacco plants grow to the required length according to conventional fertilizer and water management;
step two: cutting off the tobacco plant above 15-20cm away from the ground after the seed expansion is finished, simultaneously removing the residual leaves of the tobacco plant, and then spraying a disinfectant;
step three: thoroughly watering the ridge bodies, and then, only when the ridge bodies are whitened, carrying out again thorough watering;
step four: applying a special base fertilizer aqueous solution for flue-cured tobacco to the cut tobacco plants in the last ten days of 2 months in the next year, then building a small arched shed with the height of 80-90cm on the tobacco plants, covering a film on the small arched shed, and preserving heat, wherein the temperature of the heat preservation is set to be 3-7 ℃ higher than that of the warm shed;
step five: after 15 days, applying the special base fertilizer aqueous solution for flue-cured tobacco in the fourth step to the tobacco plants again;
step six: after the tobacco plant axilla grows to 30-40cm, 3-5 axilla branches and 5-6 leaves, removing the small arched shed for aphid expanding, and performing conventional fertilizer and water management until the expanding is finished;
step seven: and managing according to the steps two to six every year.
2. The method for cultivating the tobacco plant for the breed conservation and expansion of aphidiidae according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the first step to the seventh step are cultivation methods of tobacco plants for expanding seeds, the tobacco plants for protecting seeds only need to control the height of the tobacco plants, namely topping the tobacco plants transplanted in the first step after the tobacco plants reach 40-50cm, protecting seeds by utilizing axillary buds and twigs, and managing by conventional fertilizer and water.
3. The method for cultivating the tobacco plant for the breed conservation and expansion of aphidiidae according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: step two, the disinfectant is 0.1 percent of chlorine dioxide.
4. The method for cultivating the tobacco plant for the breed conservation and expansion of aphidiidae according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: and step four, the concentration of the special base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is 5%, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 9:12: 23.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711320323.9A CN108157104B (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2017-12-12 | Method for cultivating tobacco plants for protecting and expanding aphidiidae |
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| CN201711320323.9A CN108157104B (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2017-12-12 | Method for cultivating tobacco plants for protecting and expanding aphidiidae |
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| CN108157104A CN108157104A (en) | 2018-06-15 |
| CN108157104B true CN108157104B (en) | 2020-08-04 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101664017A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2010-03-10 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Method for propagating sulzer braconid flies |
| CN202722147U (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2013-02-13 | 云南省烟草公司文山州公司 | Structure for cultivating tobacco seedlings and breeding aphidius gifuensis |
| CN102939943A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-02-27 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Artificial propagation method for myzus persicae |
| CN106172256A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-12-07 | 贵州省烟草公司黔东南州公司 | Aphidius gifuensis type discharge honeybee method and device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP7129335B2 (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2022-09-01 | フィリップ・モーリス・プロダクツ・ソシエテ・アノニム | Reduction of cadmium accumulation in field-grown plants |
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- 2017-12-12 CN CN201711320323.9A patent/CN108157104B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101664017A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2010-03-10 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Method for propagating sulzer braconid flies |
| CN202722147U (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2013-02-13 | 云南省烟草公司文山州公司 | Structure for cultivating tobacco seedlings and breeding aphidius gifuensis |
| CN102939943A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-02-27 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Artificial propagation method for myzus persicae |
| CN106172256A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-12-07 | 贵州省烟草公司黔东南州公司 | Aphidius gifuensis type discharge honeybee method and device |
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