CN108138948B - 控制策略 - Google Patents

控制策略 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108138948B
CN108138948B CN201680049737.XA CN201680049737A CN108138948B CN 108138948 B CN108138948 B CN 108138948B CN 201680049737 A CN201680049737 A CN 201680049737A CN 108138948 B CN108138948 B CN 108138948B
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combustion engine
electric motor
gearbox
internal combustion
air conditioner
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201680049737.XA
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CN108138948A (zh
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H·奥林
J·尼尔森
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BorgWarner Sweden AB
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BorgWarner Sweden AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H61/0403—Synchronisation before shifting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • F16H3/48—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
    • F16H3/52—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears
    • F16H3/54—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears one of the central gears being internally toothed and the other externally toothed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H57/045—Lubricant storage reservoirs, e.g. reservoirs in addition to a gear sump for collecting lubricant in the upper part of a gear case
    • F16H57/0454—Sealings between different partitions of a gearing or to a reservoir
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract

一种控制包括电动机(12)、变速箱(1)和内燃机(13)的驱动机构的方法。在所述驱动机构中变速箱(1)被设置于所述电动机(12)和所述内燃机(13)之间。电动机(12)的速度同步于所述内燃机(13)的速度以便换挡所述变速箱。所述变速箱(1)通过控制爪形离合器(6)的位置而在不同操作模式之间被换挡。

Description

控制策略
技术领域
本发明关注车辆驱动机构的控制策略。
背景技术
车辆的驱动机构(drive train)可以具有不同的结构。驱动机构的一种示例包括内燃机、电动机以及位于内燃机和电动机之间的变速箱。
在变速箱中通常使用同步环以便转换传动比(gear ratio)。在不使用同步环的情况下，将要被连接的齿轮的速度必须是同步的。本发明的目的是位于内燃机和电动机之间的变速箱不具有同步环的情况中的驱动机构。
发明内容
本发明的目的是控制包括电动机、变速箱和内燃机的驱动机构的方法。所述变速箱设置于驱动机构中的所述电动机和所述内燃机之间。电动机的速度与内燃机的速度同步以便换挡变速箱。
为了换挡变速箱，需要电动机的速度的同步。
在所示的实施方式中，爪形离合器通过拨叉在三个位置之间移动。爪形离合器的三个位置分别给出高比率、空挡和直接驱动。在空挡位置，电动机断开。在直接驱动中，变速箱的比率为1∶1。爪形离合器具有与变速箱的齿轮协作的齿。在换挡过程中，爪形离合器被移动以与变速箱的齿轮啮合以及不啮合。
通过在瞬态期间使用电动机进行扭矩填充，NOx和CO2的量减少。而且，减少烟尘产生，加速度得到改善，并且允许更高程度的尺寸缩小。在制动期间能量被再生的情况下，储存本来浪费的能量。
当阅读下面的详细描述时，本发明的其他目的和优点对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
附图说明
以下通过示例方式并参考随附附图来进一步描述本发明。在附图中：
图1a至1c是三个不同操作模式下的变速箱的一个示例的横截面，该变速箱可以与本发明的方法来使用，以及
图2是可以使用本发明的方法的动力传动***(driveline)的原理示意图。
具体实施方式
在所示实施方式中，变速箱1被设置在电动机12的输出轴2上。轮3被设置于所述输出轴2上，以凭借带或链连接至AC(空调)14和/或水泵15。离合器17被设置在减震器16和内燃机13的输出侧上的齿轮18之间。离合器17使得可以将本发明用于P2混合动力(hybrid)。离合器17的移除将使本发明适用于P0和P1混合动力。众所周知，对于P0和P1混合动力，电动机12被直接设置在内燃机13的任一侧上的内燃机13处，并且对于P2混合动力，电动机12被设置在变速箱1的输入轴上。在一些实施方式中(P0和P1)，在减震器16和齿轮18之间未设置离合器17。
变速箱1包括行星齿轮组和齿轮4，用于连接到内燃机13。变速箱1还包括爪形离合器6，该爪形离合器通过拨叉5移动到不同的位置。爪形离合器6具有带外齿的环，用于与行星齿轮组的不同部分啮合。
行星齿轮组包括太阳齿轮7、由托架(carrier)9支撑的行星齿轮8和环形齿轮10。行星齿轮组的托架9被机械地固定至齿轮4以用于连接内燃机13。
电动机12的输出轴2被传动地连接到与输出轴2对齐的另一个轴11上。爪形离合器6被传动地连接到另一个轴11并且通过花键(spline)沿着另一个轴11可移位。通过使用链条而不是常用的皮带来将扭矩传递到内燃机13以及从内燃机13传递扭矩，这可以传递相对较高的扭矩。也可以使用电动机12作为启动电机，从而不需要单独的启动电机。
在图2中示出爪形离合器6的三个可能的位置，给出三种不同的操作模式。在图1a至1c中，爪形离合器6的位置在三种不同的操作模式中被示出。
如上所述，变速箱有三种不同的操作模式。当爪形离合器6移动至右侧时，如图1c所示，爪形离合器6与行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮7啮合。在所述操作模式中，电动机12和内燃机13之间存在高比率。该比率取决于行星齿轮组的不同齿轮之间的关系。这种操作模式也可以称为起动(cranking)模式。
当爪形离合器6处于中间位置时，如图1b所示，变速箱处于空挡操作模式。在空挡操作模式下，爪形离合器6被移动到与行星齿轮组的任何齿轮不接触的位置。因此，电动机12与内燃机13之间不存在驱动接触。
在爪形离合器6移动至左侧的情况下，如图1a所示，爪形离合器6与行星齿轮组的托架9啮合。当用于连接到内燃机13的齿轮4被机械地固定到托架9时，所述齿轮4将以电动机12的输出轴2的速度旋转。在该操作模式中，在电动机12与内燃机13之间的比率为1:1。该操作模式是正常驱动模式。
如上所述，当使爪形离合器6在其三个不同位置之间移动时，电动机12和内燃机13的速度必须同步，以便移动爪形离合器6而分别与行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮7或托架9进入驱动接触以及去除驱动接触。为了同步，使用传感器来分别感测内燃机13和电动机12的速度。通过调节电动机12的速度来进行同步。
在起动时，爪形离合器6被移动到起动模式，给出高比率。在启动时，电动机12施加扭矩直到内燃机13启动。因此，电动机12将起到启动电机的作用。AC 14在启动阶段断开。当内燃机13已经启动时，电动机12被调节以跟随内燃机13的速度。当电动机12的速度被调节到内燃机13的速度时，电动机12是无扭矩传递。当没有扭矩传递时，爪形离合器6被移动成空挡操作模式。电动机12不应该传递任何扭矩，以便能够转换爪形离合器6的位置。在爪形离合器6处于空挡的情况下，AC 14的内部离合器仍然断开。然后电动机12的速度降低以匹配较低的传动比。当电动机12的速度同步时，爪形离合器6被移动到正常操作模式。这结束了启动阶段。在模拟中，已经实现了远低于300ms的启动时间。
使用高比率的起动模式允许冷启动。典型内燃机的冷启动所需的传动比依据电动机变化，但对于能够达到30至50Nm的电动机，应该在1：6至1∶8之间。
在正常操作模式期间，电动机12可以被用于在瞬态期间增加扭矩。此外，在制动时，电动机12可以被用于再生能量。如果电池具有低电荷状态，则电动机12也被用于给电池充电。在正常操作模式下，AC 14被允许。
在空挡操作模式中，电动机12从内燃机13断开，这将减少拖动损耗。
通过断开内燃机13的输出侧上的离合器18，能够仅使用电动机12来驱动车辆。
电动机12可以在内燃机13不运转的情况下操作AC 14。这可以被用来在进入之前冷却车辆，为驾驶员和乘客提供“凉爽欣怡的感觉(cool welcome)”。电动机12还可以操作用于冷却电动机12和内燃机13的水泵15。在内燃机13已经关闭之后，电动机12也可以操作水泵15以冷却内燃机13。因此，不需要额外的循环泵。
高传动比还可以在电池电量有限的情况下提供高启动扭矩。

Claims (18)

1.一种控制包括电动机(12)和内燃机(13)的驱动机构的方法，该驱动机构还包括所述驱动机构中位于所述电动机(12)和所述内燃机(13)之间的变速箱(1)，其特征在于，电动机(12)的速度同步于所述内燃机(13)的速度以便换挡所述变速箱(1)；
其中，所述变速箱(1)通过控制布置在所述变速箱(1)的输入侧的爪形离合器(6)的位置在不同的操作模式之间换挡；
并且，其中在换挡所述变速箱(1)时，所述爪形离合器(6)的齿被移动与所述变速箱的行星齿轮组的齿轮啮合或者不啮合；
其中所述爪形离合器(6)被移动以给出所述不同的操作模式，该不同的操作模式是起动模式、空挡模式和正常模式，其中在所述空挡模式中，所述电动机(12)和所述内燃机(13)之间不存在连接，并且其中在所述正常模式中，所述变速箱(1)的比率是1∶1；
其中在启动时，所述变速箱(1)被置于所述起动模式并且通过施加扭矩直至所述内燃机(13)启动而将所述电动机(12)用作启动电机，其中在随后步骤中，所述电动机(12)被调节以跟随所述内燃机(13)的速度而无需传递任何扭矩并且其中在进一步的随后步骤中，所述变速箱(1)通过改变所述爪形离合器(6)的位置而被设置成空挡操作模式。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，该方法还包括：通过传感器监视所述电动机(12)和所述内燃机(13)的速度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述电动机(12)被调节以在移动所述爪形离合器(6)与不同齿轮啮合或者不啮合时不传递任何扭矩。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，该方法还包括通过传感器监视所述电动机(12)和所述内燃机(13)的速度，其中所述电动机(12)被调节以在移动所述爪形离合器(6)与不同的齿轮啮合或不啮合时不传递任何扭矩。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在正常操作模式中所述电动机(12)被用于在所述内燃机(13)的瞬态期间增加扭矩。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述变速箱(1)被置于所述正常操作模式以能够增加所述驱动机构的所传递的扭矩或能够驱动所述电动机(12)作为发电机。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述爪形离合器(6)被控制以在齿轮变换之间移动所述变速箱(1)进入所述空挡操作模式。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其中空调AC(14)通过所述电动机(12)而被运行，不依赖于所述内燃机(13)是否运行。
9.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其中空调AC(14)通过所述电动机(12)而被运行，不依赖于所述内燃机(13)是否运行，以及其中所述空调AC(14)在启动期间被断开。
10.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其中在所述内燃机(13)已经被关闭之后，所述电动机(12)也被控制以运行水泵(15)冷却所述内燃机(13)。
11.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其中空调AC(14)通过所述电动机(12)而被运行，不依赖于所述内燃机(13)是否运行，以及其中在所述内燃机(13)已经被关闭之后，所述电动机(12)也被控制以运行水泵(15)冷却所述内燃机(13)。
12.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其中空调AC(14)通过所述电动机(12)而被运行，不依赖于所述内燃机(13)是否运行，其中所述空调AC(14)在启动期间被断开，以及其中在所述内燃机(13)已经被关闭之后，所述电动机(12)也被控制以运行水泵(15)冷却所述内燃机(13)。
13.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其中位于所述内燃机(13)和所述变速箱(1)之间的离合器(17)被断开以仅使用所述电动机(12)。
14.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其中空调AC(14)通过所述电动机(12)而被运行，不依赖于所述内燃机(13)是否运行，以及其中位于所述内燃机(13)和所述变速箱(1)之间的所述离合器(17)被断开以仅使用所述电动机(12)。
15.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其中空调AC(14)通过所述电动机(12)而被运行，不依赖于所述内燃机(13)是否运行，其中所述空调AC(14)在启动期间被断开，以及其中位于所述内燃机(13)和所述变速箱(1)之间的所述离合器(17)被断开以仅使用所述电动机(12)。
16.根据权利要求1-7中的任一项所述的方法，其中在所述内燃机(13)已经被关闭之后，所述电动机(12)也被控制以运行水泵(15)冷却所述内燃机(13)，以及其中位于所述内燃机(13)和所述变速箱(1)之间的所述离合器(17)被断开以仅使用所述电动机(12)。
17.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其中空调AC(14)通过所述电动机(12)而被运行，不依赖于所述内燃机(13)是否运行，其中在所述内燃机(13)已经被关闭之后，所述电动机(12)也被控制以运行水泵(15)冷却所述内燃机(13)，以及其中位于所述内燃机(13)和所述变速箱(1)之间的所述离合器(17)被断开以仅使用所述电动机(12)。
18.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其中空调AC(14)通过所述电动机(12)而被运行，不依赖所述内燃机(13)是否运行，其中所述空调AC(14)在启动期间被断开，其中在所述内燃机(13)已经被关闭之后，所述电动机(12)也被控制以运行水泵(15)冷却所述内燃机(13)，以及其中位于所述内燃机(13)与所述变速箱(1)之间的所述离合器(17)被断开以仅使用所述电动机(12)。
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