CN108136711A - 具有低传递率的超声砧 - Google Patents

具有低传递率的超声砧 Download PDF

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CN108136711A
CN108136711A CN201580083757.4A CN201580083757A CN108136711A CN 108136711 A CN108136711 A CN 108136711A CN 201580083757 A CN201580083757 A CN 201580083757A CN 108136711 A CN108136711 A CN 108136711A
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anvil
axis
stick
mounting bracket
bushing
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CN108136711B (zh
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G·L·马尔乔
G·J·拉亚勒
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Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Kimberly Clark Corp
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Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • B26D7/086—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by vibrating, e.g. ultrasonically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/20—Cutting beds
    • B26D7/204—Anvil rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/083—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil
    • B29C65/085—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using a rotary sonotrode
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/232—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81433—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用于超声键合器的砧***包括：砧组件，所述砧组件包括砧棒，所述砧棒在至少一个砧棒纵向端部具有砧孔隙，所述砧孔隙具有砧孔隙内表面，与所述砧棒分离并部分地设置在所述砧孔隙中的轴，所述轴具有周向表面并且向外延伸到所述砧棒纵向端部之外，以及第一弹性体轴O形环，所述第一弹性体轴O形环设置在所述轴上，在所述轴周向表面和所述砧孔隙内表面之间；具有安装托架孔的安装托架，所述安装托架孔具有孔表面；衬套，所述衬套设置在所述安装托架孔中并且尺寸设置为容纳所述轴的端部，所述衬套具有衬套内表面；以及第二弹性体轴O形环，所述第二弹性体轴O形环设置在所述轴上，在所述轴周向表面和所述衬套内表面之间。

Description

具有低传递率的超声砧
背景技术
本公开涉及用于向工件施加热能以对工件进行诸如粘结、密封、切割等的设备和方法。更具体地说，本公开涉及用于将超声能量施加到诸如一次性尿布、训练裤、女性护理产品、女性护理服和失禁衣服等的工件的设备和方法。
使用以超声频率产生的机械振动来焊接热塑性塑料，以及压印和形成塑料制品是一个完整的工业流程。该技术的物理原理与本文所述的公开内容具有重要关系，因此值得进行简要回顾和讨论。
为了获得明显的振动，大多数超声***以其共振频率之一运行。超声发生器和超声喇叭两者都被设计成以相同的频率共振，在这种情况下，发生器所产生的振动被传送到喇叭。由于喇叭被调到与发生器相同的频率，因此喇叭沿着其长度伸展和收缩，与振动发生器施加的运动一致。
然后，在喇叭的自由面处产生的运动在垂直于喇叭表面的表面上是往复运动，其振幅由施加于振动发生器的晶体的电压决定。已知在振动传递到喇叭之前调节由发生器产生的振动，包括将放大装置和相变装置结合到如此使用的元件序列中。
在诸如成人失禁产品的个人护理用品中，粘结强度是严密监控的质量指标。值得关注的一个特别的粘结是这种物品中的侧缝粘结。侧缝粘结在历史上一直受困于低平均粘结强度和高粘结强度可变性。实体建模和实验室测试表明，当前工艺中使用的砧的共振频率接近侧缝键合器的超声工作频率。当超声工作频率接近砧共振频率时，砧振动的方式通常不利于粘结强度(可变性更高、粘结有效性更低)、发生器功率要求、发生器运行稳定性、超声部件的可靠性以及超声部件的寿命。
发明内容
共振频率充分低于超声工作频率的砧***将会导致粘结强度可变性较低、粘结有效性增大、平均强度始终较高、由于发生器故障而导致的停机时间较短以及超声***部件故障之间的平均时间较长。本公开的砧***是其固有频率显著低于超声工作频率的砧***。
本发明一般涉及一种用于超声键合器的砧***，所述砧***包括：砧组件，所述砧组件包括砧棒，所述砧棒具有轴向方向、两个砧棒纵向端部和位于至少一个砧棒纵向端部中的砧孔隙，所述砧孔隙具有砧孔隙内表面，与所述砧棒分离并且部分地设置在所述砧孔隙中的轴，所述轴具有周向表面并且向外延伸到所述砧棒纵向端部之外，以及第一弹性体轴O形环，所述第一弹性体轴O形环设置在所述轴上，在所述轴周向表面和所述砧孔隙内表面之间；第一安装托架，所述第一安装托架中具有第一安装托架孔，所述安装托架孔具有孔表面；第一衬套，所述第一衬套设置在所述第一安装托架孔中并且尺寸设置为容纳所述轴的端部，所述第一衬套具有衬套内表面和衬套外表面；以及第二弹性体轴O形环，所述第二弹性体轴O形环设置在所述轴上，在所述轴周向表面和所述衬套内表面之间。
本公开还涉及一种用于超声键合器的砧***，所述砧***包括：砧组件，所述砧组件包括砧棒，所述砧棒具有轴向方向、两个砧棒纵向端部和从一个砧棒纵向端部贯穿到另一个砧棒纵向端部中的砧孔隙，所述砧孔隙具有砧孔隙内表面，与所述砧棒分离且部分地设置在所述砧孔隙内的轴，所述轴具有轴周向表面并且向外延伸到两个砧棒纵向端部之外，以及设置在所述轴周向表面和所述砧孔隙内表面之间的轴隔离***；第一安装托架，所述第一安装托架中具有第一安装托架孔，所述第一安装托架孔具有孔表面；第一衬套，所述第一衬套设置在所述第一安装托架孔中并且尺寸设置为容纳所述轴的端部，所述第一衬套具有衬套内表面和衬套外表面；以及设置在所述轴周向表面和所述衬套内表面之间的第一安装座隔离***。
本公开还涉及一种用于降低超声键合器中的砧棒的固有频率的方法，所述方法包括制造砧棒-轴组合体，所述砧棒具有轴向方向、两个砧棒纵向端部和从一个砧棒纵向端部贯穿到另一个砧棒纵向端部中的砧孔隙，所述砧孔隙具有砧孔隙内表面，并且所述轴与所述砧棒分离并且部分地设置在所述砧孔隙内，所述轴具有轴周向表面并且向外延伸到两个砧棒纵向端部之外；将轴隔离***设置在所述轴周向表面和所述砧孔隙内表面之间；使用设置在第一安装托架孔中的第一衬套，将所述砧棒-轴组合安装在具有所述第一安装托架孔的第一安装托架中，所述第一安装托架孔具有孔表面，并且所述第一衬套具有衬套内表面和衬套外表面；以及在所述衬套内表面和所述轴周向表面之间设置第一安装座隔离***。
本公开的其他特征和方面在本文更详细地讨论。
附图说明
当参考下列具体实施方式和附图时，本公开将得到更全面的理解，并且另外的特征将变得明显。附图仅仅是代表性的并且并非意在限制权利要求书的范围。
图1是示出用于超声键合器的一个工位的超声喇叭和砧的总体布置的示意图；
图2是示出了图1的砧组件的自对准特征的正视图；
图3是示出了内部零件的本公开的砧组件的分解透视图；
图4是用于计算与轴接触的O形环的有效弹簧常数的公式的示意图；
图5是与钢轴接触的两个不同O形环尺寸的单个O形环和三个O形环的有效弹簧常数Ke的图形表示；
图6是具有一个、三个和十七个O形环的砧组件在两个不同的O形环尺寸下的固有频率f固有的图形表示；
图7是超声转换器、喇叭和砧的集总参数机械***模型的示意图；以及
图8是传递率的相对幅度的频率响应图：砧位移与来自声波喇叭和转换器的给定输入位移对照。
在本说明书和附图中反复使用参考字符旨在表示本公开相同或类似的特征或元件。附图是表示性的，并且未必按比例绘制。图中的某些比例可能被放大了，而其他部分则可能被最大程度缩小了。
具体实施方式
本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，本讨论仅是对示例性方面的描述，而无意限制本公开的更广泛的方面。
在Rajala等人的美国专利第5,667,608号和第5,660,679号中描述了一种现有的侧缝键合器，在不与本文冲突的前提下，通过引用将其并入本文中。该键合器包括六个均匀分布在一个圆周上的工位，每个工位都包含超声键合器，超声键合器具有与超声喇叭一起工作的砧，以在连续的一块或多块幅材上产生横向粘结。这种喇叭/砧对的总体布置如图1所示。超声键合器10具有声波喇叭15，该声波喇叭横跨幅材20的宽度来回横穿，以形成横向于幅材方向的粘结。砧组件30在支撑在安装到滚筒结构(未示出)的衬套中的轴颈上枢转。每个砧棒34都可以是矩形钢棒，并且轴颈从每个端部伸出。在当前设计中，侧缝键合器上的砧棒34支撑在与砧棒34成一体的轴颈上。轴颈支撑在轴衬套中，轴衬套是安装托架80的一部分，该安装托架用螺栓刚性地连接到侧缝键合器滚筒结构。砧轴颈由轴衬套支撑，以允许砧组件30自由地枢转并与声波喇叭15对准。目前的砧的问题在于与其质量相比，它们非常僵硬。当前砧***配置的刚度和砧的质量结合起来产生的砧的基本共振频率大于500Hz，其谐波可以延伸到数以万计赫兹。因此，砧具有接近超声喇叭工作频率的振动模式。
当声波喇叭接触当前的砧***时，砧振动的振幅等于声波喇叭的振幅，但不一定与声波喇叭同相。这会导致声波发生器的功率和工作频率发生变化，以至于发生器有时会过载并关闭。这种高度的功率和频率可变性也会导致粘结质量较差，因为发生器输出的功率不一定会进行对粘结有用的工作，而是会在***部件中产生热量。
共振频率充分低于超声工作频率的砧***将会导致粘结强度可变性较低、粘结有效性增大、平均强度始终较高、由于发生器故障而导致的停机时间较短以及超声***部件故障之间的平均时间较长。本公开的砧***25是其固有频率显著低于超声工作频率的砧***25。如图2所示，砧***25还保留了现有砧组件30的自对准特征。
本公开的砧***25解决了侧缝键合器内长期存在的问题，即砧对喇叭振动的剧烈振动反应。这种解决方案与枢转自对准特征结合使用，可以使侧缝键合器达到更高的生产率水平。应该注意，用于超声键合器10的本公开的隔离***可以与任何期望的粘结模式结合使用。
理想的情况是有一个砧，就好像它完全是刚性的，没有振动。这在振动***中是可能的，例如，振动机器搁置在支撑在弹簧上的基座上。机器的质量与弹簧的顺从性相结合，形成具有特定共振频率的机械***。如果机器的运行速度足够以高于***共振频率的频率产生振动，则机器将看起来像搁置在不动的基座上。如果机器以接近支撑件共振频率的频率运行，则支撑件会大幅振动。如果机器的运行频率远低于共振频率，则***将以与输入相同的振幅和频率进行振动。
图3示出了本公开的砧***25的细节。砧***25包括砧组件30，其中用于砧棒34的支撑件不再与砧棒34自身形成一体。砧组件30包括砧棒34，该砧棒具有两个砧棒纵向端部38、42、砧孔隙46以及轴向方向50和径向方向54。砧孔隙46部分地延伸到一个或两个砧棒纵向端部38、42中，并且可以在轴向方向50上延伸穿过砧棒34的整个长度。砧孔隙46包括砧孔隙内表面58。
砧组件30还包括至少一个轴60，该轴具有轴周向表面64和两个轴端部68。轴60的轴直径小于砧孔隙46的内径，使得轴60可以至少部分地放置在砧孔隙46内，使得轴60的一部分延伸到砧棒纵向端部38、42之外。轴60可以是贯穿砧孔隙46并且从两个砧棒纵向端部38、42延伸的整体，或者轴60也可以是多件式的。
砧组件30还包括设置在砧孔隙内表面58和轴周向表面64之间的轴隔离***70。轴隔离***70可以包括一个或多个弹性体轴O形环75，该O形环安装在轴上，在轴周向表面64和砧孔隙内表面58之间。这些轴O形环75将轴60与砧棒34隔离，以形成用作砧棒34的弹簧座的顺应性连接。
砧***25还包括安装托架80，以提供砧组件30和侧缝键合器之间的接口。安装托架80包括安装托架孔84，以容纳衬套90和砧组件30，其中安装托架孔84包括孔表面88。衬套90包括衬套内表面94和衬套外表面98。砧***25还可以包括第一安装座隔离***100和第二安装座隔离***104。在第一安装座隔离***100中，另外的一个或多个弹性体轴O形环75安装在轴60上，在轴周向表面64和衬套内表面94之间。这些轴O形环75将轴60与衬套90隔离，以形成用作轴60的弹簧座的顺应性连接。
可选地，第二安装座隔离***104包括衬套O形环108，该O形环安装在衬套90上，在衬套外表面98和孔表面88之间。这些衬套O形环108将安装托架80与衬套90隔离，以形成用作衬套90的弹簧座的顺应性连接。
如图3所示，砧***25可以包括布置在相对的砧棒纵向端部42的相同的安装托架80、衬套90和安装座隔离***100、104，或者相对的砧棒纵向端部42可以包括任何合适的安装***。
砧***25还可包括弹性体垫圈112，该垫圈围绕轴60设置在砧棒纵向端部38和安装托架80之间，以在砧棒纵向端部38和安装托架80之间提供顺应性连接。垫圈112可以由橡胶或任何其他合适的材料制成。
砧***25还可以包括弹性体球116，该弹性体球设置在衬套90内，邻近轴端部68，以在衬套90和轴60之间提供顺应性连接。球116可以由橡胶或任何其他合适的材料制成。
若不将轴60与砧棒34集成在一起并添加各种弹性体部件，会导致砧棒34的固有频率低得多，大约低于10,000Hz，包括谐波。通过选择合适的弹性体部件，可以调整砧棒支撑结构的刚度，使得当与砧棒34的质量结合时，砧棒34的共振频率为超声工作频率的约1％至10％。结果，砧棒34和声波喇叭15具有不同的固有频率并且不耦合。
为了确保实现降低共振频率的理想结果，进行了许多分析和测试。
在分析中，使用了用于在各种约束条件下计算梁的固有频率的公式和系数。参见Harris C.M.和Piersol A.G.Shock and Vibration Handbook第5版，2002McGraw-Hill,p.1.13。在这种情况下，使用了各种支撑构型下均匀梁的前五个固有频率的公式和系数。在这种情况下，梁在每一端部都被简单地支撑。表1示出了本公开中描述的典型砧的尺寸的自由振动钢梁的前五种振动模式的固有频率。
其中：fn＝梁给定系数A的固有频率(Hz)
A＝模态系数(使用简单支持的系数)
E＝材料的弹性模量(206.8GPa，钢)
I＝梁横截面的面积二次矩1.065x 10-7m4)
g＝重力加速度(9.8m/sec2)
γ＝梁材料的重量密度(7840Kg/m3)
b＝梁的横截面宽度(0.0159m)
h＝梁的横截面高度(0.0432m)
L＝梁的长度(0.5460m)
表1.典型砧固有频率，振动模式1至5。
均匀负载的梁(例如，在其自身重量下)在其长度L中间处的有效弹簧常数。有效弹簧常数在梁的中心处最小。
O形环安装座的刚度比砧的弯曲刚度小一个数量级以上。因此，安装在柔性O形环上的砧倾向于作为质量M的刚体。图4示意性地示出了直径为D1的钢轴，其被支撑在具有主体直径D2的O形环上。径向方向54上的挠曲y表示当砧被施加来自声波喇叭的向下的力F时，轴沉入O形环中的量。
作为O形环的y挠曲的函数的力：
作为O形环的y挠曲的函数的有效弹簧常数：
其中：
E*＝有效弹性模量
E1＝编号为1的材料的弹性模量
E2＝编号为2的材料的弹性模量
n1＝编号为1的材料的泊松比
n2＝编号为2的材料的泊松比
图5示出了一个或多个O形环与直径为挠曲的10倍的钢轴接触时的有效弹簧常数。可以看出，即使是三(3)个O型环的有效弹簧常数也远小于砧的中跨处的有效弹簧常数，砧被模拟为由均匀分布的载荷施压的梁；均匀分布的载荷是受到加速度的作用的梁的质量。
图6示出了O形环的有效弹簧常数和刚性梁的质量的组合所产生的固有频率。图6表明，即使有十七个O形环，梁的第一模式固有频率仍为固有频率的六倍以上。
图7是超声转换器、喇叭和砧***的集总参数机械模型的示意图。转换器在被输入电压激励时会发生位移X1。转换器位移作用于声波喇叭的一端部，在此被模拟为纯弹簧，其向砧施加力，从而导致砧中的位移X2。振动***中的输出输入关系被称为***的传递率。传递率可以被认为是一个物体在给定频率下对输入位移的响应的度量。
图8是具有按下列频率自然振动的砧的超声***的传递率频率响应图：3,000Hz、4,000Hz，以及10,000Hz。可以看出，振动模式频率高于10,000Hz的砧在被40KHz的超声喇叭激发时不会发生衰减。图8示出了砧不能具有为超声喇叭的工作频率的约10％的频率模式的事实。具有O形环支撑的砧、有17个均匀隔开的O形环，固有频率约为100Hz的40KHz超声***的谐波频率可达6次谐波，远低于10,000Hz。
其中：2ζ1ωn1＝B1/M1
转换器的共振频率＝工作频率
转换器***的阻尼比，ζ>1，
高阻尼，ζ<0.5，轻微阻尼，ζ≈0.7常见。
2ζ2ωn2＝B2/M2
砧***的共振频率
砧***的阻尼比
B1＝超声转换器的阻尼系数(力*时间/长度)
M1＝超声转换器的集总质量(力*时间2/长度)
K1＝超声转换器的弹簧常数(力/长度)
fn1＝超声转换器的共振频率(对应于超声工作频率)(周期/秒)
ωn1＝超声转换器的共振角频率(wn1＝2pfn1)(弧度/秒)
ζ1＝超声转换器的阻尼比，无量纲数
B2＝超声砧的阻尼系数(力*时间/长度)
M2＝超声砧的集总质量(力*时间2/长度)
K2＝超声砧的弹簧常数，K2＝K梁(力/长度)
fn2＝砧的共振频率(周期/秒)
ωn2＝超声砧的共振角频率(wn2＝2pfn2)(弧度/秒)
ζ2＝超声砧的阻尼比，无量纲数
要使用公式(6)，需要知道：转换器和砧的质量、转换器和砧的共振频率，以及转换器和砧的阻尼比估计值。超声转换器和砧的阻尼比典型地为中到低，ζ1,ζ2≤0.7。
在第一特定方面，用于超声键合器的砧***包括：砧组件，所述砧组件包括砧棒，所述砧棒具有轴向方向、两个砧棒纵向端部和位于至少一个砧棒纵向端部中的砧孔隙，所述砧孔隙具有砧孔隙内表面，与所述砧棒分离并且部分地设置在所述砧孔隙中的轴，所述轴具有周向表面并且向外延伸到所述砧棒纵向端部之外，以及第一弹性体轴O形环，所述第一弹性体轴O形环设置在所述轴上，在所述轴周向表面和所述砧孔隙内表面之间；第一安装托架，所述第一安装托架中具有第一安装托架孔，所述安装托架孔具有孔表面；第一衬套，所述第一衬套设置在所述第一安装托架孔中并且尺寸设置为容纳所述轴的端部，所述第一衬套具有衬套内表面和衬套外表面；以及第二弹性体轴O形环，所述第二弹性体轴O形环设置在所述轴上，在所述轴周向表面和所述衬套内表面之间。
第二特定方面包括第一特定方面，还包括弹性衬套O形环，其设置在第一衬套上，在衬套外表面和孔表面之间。
第三特定方面包括第一和/或第二方面，其中砧孔隙从一个砧棒纵向端部延伸到另一个砧棒纵向端部，并且其中轴延伸穿过砧孔隙并延伸到两个砧棒纵向端部之外。
第四特定方面包括第一到第三方面中的一个或多个，还包括第二安装托架，所述第二安装托架设置在与所述第一安装托架相对的所述砧棒纵向端部处，所述第二安装托架中具有第二安装托架孔。
第五特定方面包括第一到第四方面中的一个或多个，还包括第二衬套，所述第二衬套设置在所述第二安装托架孔中并且尺寸设置为容纳所述轴的端部，其中所述第二衬套具有第二衬套内表面和第二衬套外表面。
第六特定方面包括第一到第五方面中的一个或多个，还包括第三弹性体轴O形环，其设置在所述轴上，在所述轴周向表面和所述第二衬套内表面之间。
第七特定方面包括第一到第六方面中的一个或多个，还包括弹性体垫圈，其围绕轴设置在砧棒纵向端部和第一安装托架之间。
第八特定方面包括第一到第七方面中的一个或多个，还包括设置在所述第一衬套内邻近所述轴的一端部的弹性体球。
第九特定方面包括第一到第八方面中的一个或多个，其中砧棒被构造成可相对于轴在径向方向上移动。
第十特定方面包括第一到第九方面中的一个或多个，其中砧棒被构造成相对于安装托架枢转。
在第十一特定方面，用于超声键合器的砧***包括：砧组件，所述砧组件包括砧棒，所述砧棒具有轴向方向、两个砧棒纵向端部和从一个砧棒纵向端部贯穿到另一个砧棒纵向端部中的砧孔隙，所述砧孔隙具有砧孔隙内表面，与所述砧棒分离且部分地设置在所述砧孔隙内的轴，所述轴具有轴周向表面并且向外延伸到两个砧棒纵向端部之外，以及设置在所述轴周向表面和所述砧孔隙内表面之间的轴隔离***；第一安装托架，所述第一安装托架中具有第一安装托架孔，所述第一安装托架孔具有孔表面；第一衬套，所述第一衬套设置在所述第一安装托架孔中并且尺寸设置为容纳所述轴的端部，所述第一衬套具有衬套内表面和衬套外表面；以及设置在所述轴周向表面和所述衬套内表面之间的第一安装座隔离***。
第十二特定方面包括第十一特定方面，还包括第二安装座隔离***，所述第二安装座隔离***设置在所述第一衬套上，在所述衬套外表面与所述第一安装托架孔的孔表面之间。
第十三特定方面包括第十一和/或第十二方面，其中轴隔离***包括设置在轴上的至少一个弹性体O形环。
第十四特定方面包括第十一到第十三方面中的一个或多个，其中第一安装座隔离***包括设置在轴上的至少一个弹性体O形环。
第十五特定方面包括第十一到第十四方面中的一个或多个，还包括弹性体垫圈，其围绕所述轴设置在所述砧棒纵向端部与所述第一安装托架之间。
在第十六特定方面，用于降低超声键合器中的砧棒的固有频率的方法包括：制造砧棒-轴组合体，所述砧棒具有轴向方向、两个砧棒纵向端部和从一个砧棒纵向端部贯穿到另一个砧棒纵向端部中的砧孔隙，所述砧孔隙具有砧孔隙内表面，并且所述轴与所述砧棒分离并且部分地设置在所述砧孔隙内，所述轴具有轴周向表面并且向外延伸到两个砧棒纵向端部之外；将轴隔离***设置在所述轴周向表面和所述砧孔隙内表面之间；使用设置在第一安装托架孔中的第一衬套，将所述砧棒-轴组合安装在具有所述第一安装托架孔的第一安装托架中，所述第一安装托架孔具有孔表面，并且所述第一衬套具有衬套内表面和衬套外表面；以及在所述衬套内表面和所述轴周向表面之间设置第一安装座隔离***。
第十七特定方面包括第十六特定方面，还包括将第二安装座隔离***设置在衬套外表面和孔表面之间。
第十八特定方面包括第十六和/或第十七方面，其中第二安装座隔离***包括设置在衬套外表面上的至少一个弹性体O形环。
第十九特定方面包括第十六到第十八方面中的一个或多个，其中轴隔离***和第一安装座隔离***各自包括设置在轴上的至少一个弹性体O形环。
第二十特定方面包括第十六到第十九方面中的一个或多个，其中超声键合器具有工作频率，并且其中砧棒的固有频率小于或等于工作频率的10％。
在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下，本公开的这些和其他修改和变型可由本领域的普通技术人员实践，在所附权利要求中对此更具体地描述。此外，应当理解各个方面的要素可整体和部分互换。此外，本领域的普通技术人员将会知道，以上描述仅仅是举例，而无意限制此类所附权利要求中进一步描述的本公开。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于超声键合器的砧***，所述砧***包括：
砧组件，所述砧组件包括
砧棒，所述砧棒具有轴向方向、两个砧棒纵向端部和位于至少一个砧棒纵向端部中的砧孔隙，所述砧孔隙具有砧孔隙内表面，
与所述砧棒分离并且部分地设置在所述砧孔隙中的轴，所述轴具有周向表面并且向外延伸到所述砧棒纵向端部之外，以及
第一弹性体轴O形环，所述第一弹性体轴O形环设置在所述轴上，在所述轴周向表面和所述砧孔隙内表面之间；
第一安装托架，所述第一安装托架中具有第一安装托架孔，所述安装托架孔具有孔表面；
第一衬套，所述第一衬套设置在所述第一安装托架孔中并且尺寸设置为容纳所述轴的端部，所述第一衬套具有衬套内表面和衬套外表面；以及
第二弹性体轴O形环，所述第二弹性体轴O形环设置在所述轴上，在所述轴周向表面和所述衬套内表面之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的砧***，还包括弹性衬套O形环，其设置在所述第一衬套上，在所述衬套外表面和所述孔表面之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的砧***，其中所述砧孔隙从一个砧棒纵向端部延伸到另一个砧棒纵向端部，并且其中所述轴延伸穿过所述砧孔隙并延伸到两个砧棒纵向端部之外。
4.根据权利要求1所述的砧***，还包括第二安装托架，所述第二安装托架设置在与所述第一安装托架相对的所述砧棒纵向端部处，所述第二安装托架中具有第二安装托架孔。
5.根据权利要求4所述的砧***，还包括第二衬套，所述第二衬套设置在所述第二安装托架孔中并且尺寸设置为容纳所述轴的端部，其中所述第二衬套具有第二衬套内表面和第二衬套外表面。
6.根据权利要求5所述的砧***，还包括第三弹性体轴O形环，其设置在所述轴上，在所述轴周向表面和所述第二衬套内表面之间。
7.根据权利要求1所述的砧***，还包括弹性体垫圈，其围绕所述轴设置在所述砧棒纵向端部与所述第一安装托架之间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的砧***，还包括设置在所述第一衬套内邻近所述轴的端部的弹性体球。
9.根据权利要求1所述的砧***，其中所述砧棒被构造成可相对于所述轴在径向方向上移动。
10.根据权利要求1所述的砧***，其中所述砧棒被构造成相对于所述安装托架枢转。
11.一种用于超声键合器的砧***，所述砧***包括：
砧组件，所述砧组件包括
砧棒，所述砧棒具有轴向方向、两个砧棒纵向端部和从一个砧棒纵向端部贯穿到另一个砧棒纵向端部中的砧孔隙，所述砧孔隙具有砧孔隙内表面，
与所述砧棒分离并且部分地设置在所述砧孔隙中的轴，所述轴具有轴周向表面并且向外延伸到两个砧棒纵向端部之外，以及
轴隔离***，所述轴隔离***设置在所述轴周向表面和所述砧孔隙内表面之间；
第一安装托架，所述第一安装托架中具有第一安装托架孔，所述第一安装托架孔具有孔表面；
第一衬套，所述第一衬套设置在所述第一安装托架孔中并且尺寸设置为容纳所述轴的端部，所述第一衬套具有衬套内表面和衬套外表面；以及
第一安装座隔离***，所述第一安装座隔离***设置在所述轴周向表面和所述衬套内表面之间。
12.根据权利要求11所述的砧***，还包括第二安装座隔离***，所述第二安装座隔离***设置在所述第一衬套上，在所述衬套外表面与所述第一安装托架孔的孔表面之间。
13.根据权利要求11所述的砧***，其中所述轴隔离***包括设置在所述轴上的至少一个弹性体O形环。
14.根据权利要求11所述的砧***，其中所述第一安装座隔离***包括设置在所述轴上的至少一个弹性体O形环。
15.根据权利要求11所述的砧***，还包括弹性体垫圈，其围绕所述轴设置在所述砧棒纵向端部与所述第一安装托架之间。
16.一种用于降低超声键合器中的砧棒的固有频率的方法，包括：
制造砧棒-轴组合体，所述砧棒具有轴向方向、两个砧棒纵向端部和从一个砧棒纵向端部贯穿到另一个砧棒纵向端部中的砧孔隙，所述砧孔隙具有砧孔隙内表面，并且所述轴与所述砧棒分离并且部分地设置在所述砧孔隙内，所述轴具有轴周向表面并且向外延伸到两个砧棒纵向端部之外；
在所述轴周向表面和所述砧孔隙内表面之间设置轴隔离***；
使用设置在所述第一安装托架孔中的第一衬套，将所述砧棒-轴组合安装在具有所述第一安装托架孔的第一安装托架中，所述第一安装托架孔具有孔表面，并且所述第一衬套具有衬套内表面和衬套外表面；以及
在所述衬套内表面和所述轴周向表面之间设置第一安装座隔离***。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，还包括在所述衬套外表面和所述孔表面之间设置第二安装座隔离***。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中所述第二安装座隔离***包括设置在所述衬套外表面上的至少一个弹性体O形环。
19.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述轴隔离***和所述第一安装座隔离***各自包括设置在所述轴上的至少一个弹性体O形环。
20.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述超声键合器具有工作频率，并且其中所述砧棒的所述固有频率小于或等于所述工作频率的10％。
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