A kind of preparation method of SiO/ carbon graphites composite material
【Technical field】
The invention belongs to electrode material field more particularly to a kind of preparation methods of SiO/ carbon graphites composite material.
【Background technology】
SiO has many advantages, such as that theoretical specific capacity is high, has a safety feature, is cheap, but as lithium-ion-power cell
Electrode material there are following defects:First, generating larger volume expansion in process of intercalation, conductive network is destroyed, electricity occurs
Pole dusting causes battery capacity rapid decay;Second, the inertia lithia and lithium metasilicate that are generated for the first time in process of intercalation can drop
Low coulombic efficiency for the first time;Third, in charge and discharge process, since the generation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film constantly consumes Li+, coulombic efficiency is caused to reduce;Fourth, the electrical conductivity of SiO is far below graphite, serious electricity can be generated in high current charge-discharge
It polarizes pole.
In the prior art, mainly by nanosizing, graphite is compound and surface coated method is modified SiO materials.
Although volume expansion can be alleviated by nanometer size effect, while Li can be improved+Diffusion velocity and increase electrode material
The contact area of material and electrolyte, makes Li+Deintercalation reaction carry out more abundant, it is prepared by but nano material large specific surface area
It needs to add a large amount of binding agents in electrode process, is unfavorable for battery performance and manufacturing cost is high.The method energy compound with graphite
Enough using graphite as buffering matrix to absorb volume expansion, and one layer of conductivity is coated on SiO/ graphite composite materials surface
Conductivity and cycle performance high, that be conducive to improve material with the good material of compatibility of electrolyte, but surface cladding is too thick
Amorphous carbon can reduce the coulombic efficiency of material, also be unfavorable for the processing performance of material.
【The content of the invention】
The present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of SiO/ carbon graphites composite material, is used to prepare that expansion rate is small, electrical conductivity
High, homogeneity is good and the high silicon based electrode material of coulombic efficiency for the first time.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of SiO/ carbon graphites composite material, comprises the following steps:
1) by SiO and carbon source according to 1:The mass ratio of (0.5-5) carries out mixing and ball milling and obtains mixed powder A;
2) the mixed powder A in protective atmosphere is heated to 100-250 DEG C and keeps the temperature 1-10h, by powder after cooling
Broken sieving obtains SiO/ carbon composites;
3) by the SiO/ carbon composites and graphite according to 1:The mass ratio of (1-10) carries out mixing and ball milling and is mixed
Powder B;
4) by the mixed powder B in protective atmosphere, 150-300 DEG C is heated to first, in accordance with the first heating rate, it
500-700 DEG C is heated to according to the second heating rate afterwards, be finally heated to 900-1200 DEG C according to the 3rd heating rate and is kept the temperature
1-5h;Sieving obtains SiO/ carbon graphite composite materials after cooling.
In a preferred embodiment, the carbon source is glucose, citric acid, pitch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lemon
The mixing of one or more of acid, carboxymethyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol.
In a preferred embodiment, the graphite for one kind in Delanium, native graphite and expanded graphite or
Several mixing.
In a preferred embodiment, the protective atmosphere is the mixing of one or more of helium, argon gas and nitrogen.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 1), rotating speed when SiO carries out mixing and ball milling with carbon source is 100-
300r/min, Ball-milling Time 0.5-10h.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 2), the mixed powder A is placed in atmosphere furnace, according to 1-10 DEG C/
The heating rate of min rises to 100-250 DEG C by room temperature.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 3), when the SiO/ carbon composites carry out mixing and ball milling with graphite
Rotating speed be 100-300r/min, Ball-milling Time 0.5-10h.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 4), the first heating rate be 3-7 DEG C/min, described second liter
Warm rate is 1-2 DEG C/min, and the 3rd heating rate is 3-7 DEG C/min.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 2) and step 4), 200 mesh sieves are selected in sieving.
In the preparation method of SiO/ carbon graphites composite material provided by the invention, SiO is uniformly mixed simultaneously with carbon source first
Carbon source is melted in heating, makes SiO even particulate dispersions in carbon source;Then make again with the compound progress high temperature cabonization processing of graphite
Carbon source is melted again is bonded in graphite particle surface by SiO particles.This method preparation process is simple, of low cost and reappearance
It is good, suitable for large-scale commercial production application.
The SiO/ carbon graphite composite woods that the preparation method of SiO/ carbon graphites composite material provided by the present invention is obtained
Material has that expansion rate is small, electrical conductivity is high, homogeneity is good and the high advantage of coulombic efficiency for the first time, because the volume expansion of SiO particles
The inhibition of the carbon coating layer of carbon source formation is received, and the agraphitic carbon content of carbon coating layer is low, can carry material for the first time
Coulombic efficiency.In addition, SiO is evengranular to be bonded in graphite particle surface, graphite particle is made to be provided for the volume expansion of SiO slow
Matrix is rushed, so as to promote the stability of electrode entirety.
【Description of the drawings】
Fig. 1 is the SiO/ carbon graphite composite woods that the preparation method of SiO/ carbon graphites composite material provided by the invention obtains
The granule-morphology schematic diagram of material.
Fig. 2 is the SiO/ that the preparation method of SiO/ carbon graphites composite material provided by the invention is obtained according to embodiment 3
The first charge-discharge curve of carbon graphite composite material.
Fig. 3 is the SiO/ that the preparation method of SiO/ carbon graphites composite material provided by the invention is obtained according to embodiment 3
The charge and discharge cycles curve of carbon graphite composite material.
【Specific embodiment】
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of SiO/ carbon graphites composite material, comprises the following steps:
1) by SiO and carbon source according to 1:The mass ratio of (0.5-5) carries out mixing and ball milling and obtains mixed powder A;
2) the mixed powder A in protective atmosphere is heated to 100-250 DEG C and keeps the temperature 1-10h, by powder after cooling
Broken sieving obtains SiO/ carbon composites;
3) by the SiO/ carbon composites and graphite according to 1:The mass ratio of (1-10) carries out mixing and ball milling and is mixed
Powder B;
4) by the mixed powder B in protective atmosphere, 150-300 DEG C is heated to first, in accordance with the first heating rate, it
500-700 DEG C is heated to according to the second heating rate afterwards, be finally heated to 900-1200 DEG C according to the 3rd heating rate and is kept the temperature
1-5h;Sieving obtains SiO/ carbon graphite composite materials after cooling.
Specifically, in step 1), rotating speed when SiO carries out mixing and ball milling with carbon source is 100-300r/min, Ball-milling Time
For 0.5-10h.In step 2), the mixed powder A is placed in atmosphere furnace, according to the heating rate of 1-10 DEG C/min by room temperature
Rise to 100-250 DEG C.In step 3), the rotating speed when SiO/ carbon composites carry out mixing and ball milling with graphite is 100-
300r/min, Ball-milling Time 0.5-10h.In step 4), the first heating rate is 3-7 DEG C/min, second heating
Rate is 1-2 DEG C/min, and the 3rd heating rate is 3-7 DEG C/min.In addition, in step 2) and step 4), sieving selects 200
Mesh sieve.
Preferably, the carbon source is glucose, citric acid, pitch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, citric acid, carboxymethyl cellulose
The mixing of one or more of element and polyethylene glycol.The graphite is one kind in Delanium, native graphite and expanded graphite
Or several mixing.
Further, the protective atmosphere is the mixing of one or more of helium, argon gas and nitrogen.
Embodiment 1
In present embodiment, the SiO of 20g and 40g pitches are fitted into ball grinder and add in ball-milling medium first and are mixed
Ball milling 2h is closed, wherein, rotating speed control during ball milling obtains uniform mixed powder A after the completion of 200r/min, ball milling.
Next the mixed powder A is put into atmosphere furnace, using helium as protective atmosphere, by room temperature according to 1 DEG C/min
Heating rate be heated to 150 DEG C and 1h kept the temperature at a temperature of 150 DEG C, then cooled to room temperature, by crushing and leading to
It crosses 200 mesh sieves and obtains SiO/ carbon composites afterwards.
Next by the SiO/ carbon composites of 30g and 90g native graphites be fitted into ball grinder and add in ball-milling medium into
Row mixing and ball milling 2h, wherein, rotating speed control during ball milling obtains uniform mixed powder B after the completion of 200r/min, ball milling.
Finally the mixed powder B is put into atmosphere furnace, using helium as protective atmosphere, by room temperature according to 5 DEG C/min's
Heating rate is heated to 150 DEG C, continues to be heated to 600 DEG C according to the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min afterwards, according still further to 5 DEG C/min's
Heating rate is heated to 900 DEG C and 2h is kept the temperature at a temperature of 900 DEG C, after then cooling to room temperature with the furnace and passing through 200 mesh sieves
Obtain SiO/ carbon graphite composite materials.
Embodiment 2
In present embodiment, the SiO of 20g and 50g glucose are fitted into ball grinder first and add in ball-milling medium progress
Mixing and ball milling 5h, wherein, rotating speed control during ball milling obtains uniform mixed powder A after the completion of 150r/min, ball milling.
Next the mixed powder A is put into atmosphere furnace, using argon gas as protective atmosphere, by room temperature according to 1 DEG C/min
Heating rate be heated to 150 DEG C and 1h kept the temperature at a temperature of 150 DEG C, then cooled to room temperature, by crushing and leading to
It crosses 200 mesh sieves and obtains SiO/ carbon composites afterwards.
Next by the SiO/ carbon composites of 35g and 120g Delaniums be fitted into ball grinder and add in ball-milling medium into
Row mixing and ball milling 5h, wherein, rotating speed control during ball milling obtains uniform mixed powder B after the completion of 150r/min, ball milling.
Finally the mixed powder B is put into atmosphere furnace, using argon gas as protective atmosphere, by room temperature according to 5 DEG C/min's
Heating rate is heated to 250 DEG C, continues to be heated to 650 DEG C according to the heating rate of 2 DEG C/min afterwards, according still further to 3 DEG C/min's
Heating rate is heated to 950 DEG C and 2h is kept the temperature at a temperature of 950 DEG C, after then cooling to room temperature with the furnace and passing through 200 mesh sieves
Obtain SiO/ carbon graphite composite materials.
Embodiment 3
In present embodiment, the SiO of 20g and 30g polyvinylpyrrolidone are fitted into ball grinder first and add in ball milling
Medium carries out mixing and ball milling 3h, wherein, rotating speed control during ball milling obtains uniform mixed powder after the completion of 250r/min, ball milling
Body A.
Next the mixed powder A is put into atmosphere furnace, using nitrogen as protective atmosphere, by room temperature according to 1 DEG C/min
Heating rate be heated to 150 DEG C and 1h kept the temperature at a temperature of 150 DEG C, then cooled to room temperature, by crushing and leading to
It crosses 200 mesh sieves and obtains SiO/ carbon composites afterwards.
Next by the SiO/ carbon composites of 25g and 90g expanded graphites be fitted into ball grinder and add in ball-milling medium into
Row mixing and ball milling 2h, wherein, rotating speed control during ball milling obtains uniform mixed powder B after the completion of 250r/min, ball milling.
Finally the mixed powder B is put into atmosphere furnace, using nitrogen as protective atmosphere, by room temperature according to 5 DEG C/min's
Heating rate is heated to 300 DEG C, continues to be heated to 700 DEG C according to the heating rate of 2 DEG C/min afterwards, according still further to 5 DEG C/min's
Heating rate is heated to 1000 DEG C and 2h is kept the temperature at a temperature of 1000 DEG C, then cools to room temperature with the furnace and passes through 200 mesh sieves
SiO/ carbon graphite composite materials are obtained afterwards.
Embodiment 4
In present embodiment, the SiO of 20g and 50g citric acids are fitted into ball grinder first and add in ball-milling medium progress
Mixing and ball milling 2h, wherein, rotating speed control during ball milling obtains uniform mixed powder A after the completion of 200r/min, ball milling.
Next the mixed powder A is put into atmosphere furnace, using nitrogen as protective atmosphere, by room temperature according to 1 DEG C/min
Heating rate be heated to 160 DEG C and 1h kept the temperature at a temperature of 160 DEG C, then cooled to room temperature, by crushing and leading to
It crosses 200 mesh sieves and obtains SiO/ carbon composites afterwards.
Next by the SiO/ carbon composites of 35g and 90g native graphites be fitted into ball grinder and add in ball-milling medium into
Row mixing and ball milling 2h, wherein, rotating speed control during ball milling obtains uniform mixed powder B after the completion of 200r/min, ball milling.
Finally the mixed powder B is put into atmosphere furnace, using nitrogen as protective atmosphere, by room temperature according to 4 DEG C/min's
Heating rate is heated to 200 DEG C, continues to be heated to 600 DEG C according to the heating rate of 2 DEG C/min afterwards, according still further to 7 DEG C/min's
Heating rate is heated to 950 DEG C and 2h is kept the temperature at a temperature of 950 DEG C, after then cooling to room temperature with the furnace and passing through 200 mesh sieves
Obtain SiO/ carbon graphite composite materials.
Referring to Fig. 1, SiO/ carbon/stone that the preparation method of SiO/ carbon graphites composite material provided by the invention is obtained
Black composite material morphologically, forms one layer of carbon-coating, and SiO particles pass through surface carbon after carbon source thawing in SiO particle surfaces
The thawing again of layer is uniformly bonded in graphite lithium surface.
Further, the SiO/ carbon graphites that embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and embodiment 4 obtain are respectively adopted to answer
Condensation material prepares 2025 button cells and carries out electrochemical property test.
Specifically, by SiO/ carbon graphites composite material and conductive black, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and butadiene-styrene rubber according to
91:5:1.6:2.4 mass ratio mixing, adds in deionized water and is stirred as solvent;The slurry being mixing uniformly to form is equal
The even copper foil surface being coated on as negative current collector, is then placed in 90 DEG C of vacuum drying chamber and toasts for 24 hours;Use two pairs of rollers
After machine compacting uniformly, the circular pole piece of a diameter of 14mm is made of sheet-punching machine.More specifically, lithium metal is used to electrode
Piece, membrane use 2300 polypropylene screens of Celgard, and it is 1 that electrolyte, which includes volume ratio,:1 ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonic acid
The concentration of ester and lithium hexafluoro phosphate is 1mol/L.In addition, being assembled in the glove box full of nitrogen for button cell carries out.
To above-mentioned 2025 button cell carry out electrochemical property test when, according to 0.1C multiplying powers (1C is based on 450mAh/g) into
Row cycle charge-discharge, voltage range are 0-2V, and test result is as follows:The SiO/ carbon graphite composite materials obtained using embodiment 1
The specific capacity of circulating and reversible for the first time of the button cell of preparation is 448.3mAh/g, and coulombic efficiency is 78.8% for the first time, 50 Xun Huans
Capacity retention ratio is 72.78% afterwards;The head of button cell prepared by the SiO/ carbon graphites composite material obtained using embodiment 2
Secondary circulating and reversible specific capacity is 418.5mAh/g, and coulombic efficiency is 72.7% for the first time, and capacity retention ratio is after 50 Xun Huans
85.6%;The circulating and reversible specific capacity for the first time of button cell prepared by the SiO/ carbon graphites composite material obtained using embodiment 3
For 457.5mAh/g, coulombic efficiency is 76.4% for the first time, and capacity retention ratio is 87.6% after 50 Xun Huans;It is obtained using embodiment 4
The specific capacity of circulating and reversible for the first time of button cell prepared by the SiO/ carbon graphites composite material obtained is 424mAh/g, for the first time coulomb
Efficiency is 71.4%, and capacity retention ratio is 82.3% after 50 Xun Huans.
It should be noted that button cell prepared by the SiO/ carbon graphites composite material obtained using embodiment 3 is for the first time
Charging and discharging curve and charge and discharge cycles curve difference are as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
In summary:The SiO/ carbon graphites that the preparation method of SiO/ carbon graphites composite material provided by the invention is obtained
In composite material, the volume expansion of SiO particles receives the inhibition of the carbon coating layer of carbon source formation, and is bonded with SiO particles
Graphite lithium also can provide buffering matrix for the volume expansion of SiO, therefore, the SiO/ carbon graphites composite material has
Expansion rate is small, electrical conductivity is high, homogeneity is good and the high advantage of coulombic efficiency for the first time.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is to combine specific preferred embodiment to institute of the present invention
The further description of work, it is impossible to assert that the specific implementation of the present invention is confined to these explanations.It is all the present invention spirit and
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.