CN108114578A - A kind of purifier for biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation - Google Patents

A kind of purifier for biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108114578A
CN108114578A CN201711383303.6A CN201711383303A CN108114578A CN 108114578 A CN108114578 A CN 108114578A CN 201711383303 A CN201711383303 A CN 201711383303A CN 108114578 A CN108114578 A CN 108114578A
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China
Prior art keywords
section
spray
liquid
liquid storage
purifier
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CN201711383303.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈汉平
唐灿
陈应泉
杨海平
王贤华
邵敬爱
张�雄
杨晴
张世红
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN201711383303.6A priority Critical patent/CN108114578A/en
Publication of CN108114578A publication Critical patent/CN108114578A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10CWORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
    • C10C5/00Production of pyroligneous acid distillation of wood, dry distillation of organic waste
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to purifier fields, and specifically disclose a kind of purifier for biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation, the purifier is used to carry out purified treatment to pyrolysis gas, it includes purifying column, the purifying column is divided into liquid storage section from bottom to up, air inlet section, spray section, demisting section and air outlet section, circulation section is additionally provided with outside it, pending pyrolysis gas enters from air inlet section, after spray section and demisting section spray and demisting, it is discharged from air outlet section, acetic acid steam in pyrolysis gas condenses during spray to be recycled in liquid storage section, the circulation section adjusts the spray liquid of spray section according to the pH value of liquid in liquid storage section, so that the pH value of liquid is between 2.5 3.5 in liquid storage section.The purification of the achievable pyrolysis gas of the present invention, while realize the recycling of acetic acid, have many advantages, such as that simple in structure, operation is convenient.

Description

A kind of purifier for biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation
Technical field
The invention belongs to purifier field, more particularly, to a kind of for the net of biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation Makeup is put.
Background technology
Pyrolysis be biomass efficient conversion a kind of mode, using pyrolytic technique can promptly convert biomass into charcoal, Gas, oily three kinds of products for having utility value.At present, the technology in relation to biomass pyrolytic more pays close attention to wherein single product Optimal utilization, and other products are lacked with enough attention, economy is often difficult to ensure that.Development is based on biomass pyrolytic Charcoal, gas, oily Poly-generation technology produce a variety of high value added products, can effectively realize the economic maximization of entire conversion process, be The important directions that biomass resource utilizes comprehensively.
The condensed pyrolysis gas of pyrolysis bio-oils also uncooled bio oil also containing substantial amounts of acetic acid steam and partly, Previous biomass pyrolysis system is to remove this some vapor by exclusion device, but acetic acid steam and uncooled biology Oil is the important source material for making wood vinegar, directly causes greatly to waste by exclusion device removal.
The content of the invention
It is more for biomass pyrolysis liquefaction the present invention provides one kind for the disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement of the prior art The purifier of coproduction is specifically a kind of device that spray cleaning is carried out to biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation pyrolysis gas, leads to Crossing will condense, then through spray condensation the acetic acid steam in pyrolysis gas in pyrolysis gas feeder dissolves in spray liquid and gives Recycling, realizes that the purification of pyrolysis gas is allowed to become thick combustion gas with this, while realizes the recycling of acetic acid to be prepared as follow-up The stoste of wood vinegar has many advantages, such as that simple in structure, operation is convenient, available in biomass pyrolytic polygenerations systeme.
To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of purifier for biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation, should Purifier be used for pyrolysis gas carry out purified treatment, including purifying column, the purifying column be divided into from bottom to up liquid storage section, Air inlet section, spray section, demisting section and air outlet section, outside be additionally provided with circulation section, pending pyrolysis gas enters from air inlet section, After spray section and demisting section spray and demisting, discharged from air outlet section, the acetic acid steam in pyrolysis gas condenses during spray It is recycled in liquid storage section, the circulation section adjusts the spray liquid of spray section according to the pH value of liquid in liquid storage section so that liquid storage section The pH value of middle liquid is between 2.5-3.5.
As it is further preferred that the spray section is to include the two-stage spray list of level-one spray section and two level spray section The structure of member, level-one spray section and two level spray section identical includes packing layer and the spray assemblies being arranged on above packing layer, The spray assemblies are connected with circulation section.
As it is further preferred that the circulation section includes circulating pump, pH probes, small pump and liquid reserve tank, the cycling It pumps for the liquid in liquid storage section to be sent into spray section or liquid reserve tank, the pH probes are used to detect the pH of liquid in liquid storage section Value, and according to the opening and closing of pH value control small pump.
As it is further preferred that when the pH value that pH probes detect liquid in liquid storage section is less than 2.5, small pump is opened Tap water is sent into spray section by circulating water pipe, while the liquid in liquid storage section is sent into liquid reserve tank by circulating pump;When pH is visited When the pH value that stick detects liquid in liquid storage section is higher than 3.5, small pump is closed, and the liquid in liquid storage section is passed through Xun Huan by circulating pump Water pipe is sent into spray section;When pH probes detect the pH value of liquid in liquid storage section between 2.5~3.5, circulating pump will store up Liquid in liquid section is sent into liquid reserve tank.
As it is further preferred that the demisting section includes spiral board and baffle plate, the pyrolysis gas after spray first leads to It crosses spiral board and carries out demisting, then enter back into baffle plate and carry out demisting, the pyrolysis gas after demisting becomes thick combustion gas and enters Gas section.
As it is further preferred that the spiral board elevation angle is 30 °, the baffle plate dog-ear is 120 °.
As it is further preferred that the air inlet section includes the air inlet being opened in purifying column tower wall and positioned at air inlet Air distributor between section and spray section.
As it is further preferred that the air distributor is sieve type distributor, by several circular diversion rod phases Mutual square crossing is made, and the density of diversion rod is gradually reduced from tower wall to center, from close to air inlet one side to separate air inlet Mouth one side is by sparse gradually intensive.
In general, by the above technical scheme conceived by the present invention compared with prior art, mainly possess following Technological merit:
1. the present invention passes through circulated sprinkling liquid by spraying recycling of the condensation pyrolysis gas realization to acetic acid in pyrolysis gas PH controls, realize the preparation of primary wood vinegar, there is simple in structure, operation facility.
2. shower portion of the present invention is sprayed using two level, purification part is formed by stacking by three layers, i.e. the level-one spray of lower floor Section, the two level spray section in middle level and the demisting end on upper strata, enhance the spray condensation effect to acetic acid steam in pyrolysis gas, improve The efficiency of purifying column and the upgrading effect to pyrolysis gas.
3. the demisting section of the present invention takes the mode that spiral board demisting and baffle plate demisting are combined, considerably improve To the removal efficiency of drop in pyrolysis gas, hence it is evident that improve the upgrading effect to pyrolysis gas, reduce the water loss of purifier.
4. present invention employs circulated sprinkling system, the content of the acid of liquid in liquid storage tank is effectively increased, and It is opened and shut off using pH controls pump and battery valve, effectively controls the pH value of liquid in liquid storage tank, realize to wood vinegar Recycling.
5. the present apparatus employs sieve type air distributor, the pyrolysis gas into spray column is made more to be uniformly distributed, increased Strong contact area and the time of contact of pyrolysis gas and spray liquid, spray efficiency is improved, spray column is enhanced and pyrolysis gas is carried Matter effect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that a kind of structure of purifier for biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown It is intended to;
Fig. 2 is A-A sectional views in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is B-B sectional views in Fig. 1.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it is right The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below Conflict is not formed each other to can be combined with each other.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of purifier for biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation provided in an embodiment of the present invention, it should Purifier is used to carry out purified treatment to pyrolysis gas, and including purifying column 1, which is divided into liquid storage from bottom to up Section, air inlet section, spray section, demisting section and air outlet section, outside be additionally provided with circulation section, pending pyrolysis gas from air inlet section into Enter, after spray section and demisting section spray and demisting, discharged from air outlet section, the acetic acid steam in pyrolysis gas is cold during spray Solidifying to be recycled in liquid storage section, the circulation section adjusts the spray liquid of spray section according to the pH value of liquid in liquid storage section so that liquid storage The pH value of liquid is between 2.5-3.5 in section.
Each active section is described in more detail below.
As shown in Figure 1, liquid storage section is located at purifying column bottom of towe, including liquid storage tank 20, overflow pipe 21 and blow-off pipe 19;Air outlet section Including the gas outlet 7 being opened in tower wall, flange is used between liquid storage section, air inlet section, spray section, demisting section and each section of air outlet section Connection;Purifying column is upright cylindrical shape purifying column, and tower height is 7 with tower body diameter ratio:1.
As shown in Figure 1, air inlet section includes the air inlet 2 being opened in purifying column tower wall and positioned at air inlet section and spray section Between air distributor 3.Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, air distributor be sieve type distributor, led by several circles Flow post is mutually perpendicular to intersect and be made, and the density of diversion rod is gradually reduced from tower wall to center, from close to air inlet one side to remote From air inlet one side by sparse gradually intensive.It has been investigated that pyrolysis gas from pyrolysis gas air inlet enter inside tower body when, air-flow It is distributed as reducing along tower wall to center flow velocity, while reduces from close to inlet side to away from inlet side flow velocity, therefore utilize this hair The air distributor of the said structure of bright research and design may be such that some resistance that flow velocity is big in air-flow is big, the small part of flow velocity Resistance is small, and then optimizes rectification effect, makes air flow method more uniform.
As shown in Figure 1, spray section is to include the two-stage spray unit of level-one spray section and two level spray section, level-one spray section It is identical with the structure of two level spray section, including packing layer 4 and the spray assemblies being arranged on above packing layer 5, the spray assemblies 5 It is connected with circulation section, is specifically connected with the circulating water pipe of circulation section 11, is also set in the tower wall between packing layer and spray assemblies There is peep hole 10.Specifically, level-one spray section lower part is located at 3 top of air distributor, two level spray pars infrasegmentalis is sprayed with level-one Section top connects, and the pyrolysis gas entered from air inlet is successively by level-one, two level spray section, subsequently into demisting section.Preferably, Spray assemblies include the spray tube being connected with the circulating water pipe of circulation section and the rotarytype injector being arranged on spray tube, the spray Mouth is evenly distributed on spray tube, and the atomization angle of nozzle is 90 °.
As shown in Figure 1, demisting section 6 is combined by spiral board demisting with baffle plate demisting, demisting pars infrasegmentalis is sprayed with two level Section top connects, and the pyrolysis gas after two level sprays first passes through spiral board 9 and carries out demisting, then enters back into baffle plate 8 and carries out Demisting, i.e. spiral board 9 are under, baffle plate 8 is upper, and the pyrolysis gas after demisting enters air outlet section as thick combustion gas, by going out Gas port 7 discharges purifier.Wherein, 9 blade of spiral board and horizontal direction angle (i.e. the blade elevation angle) are 30 °, and baffle plate 8 is adjacent Dog-ear between two blades is 120 °.
As shown in Figure 1, circulation section includes circulating pump 18, pH probes 13, small pump 15 and liquid reserve tank, wherein circulating pump is used for Liquid in liquid storage section to be sent into spray section or liquid reserve tank, pH probes are used to detect the pH value of liquid in liquid storage section, and according to PH value controls the opening and closing of small pump.Specifically, circulating pump is connected with liquid storage section, and pass through circulating water pipe 11 and spray group Part is connected, and solenoid valve 1 is provided on the circulating water pipe, which is connected by loop branch pipe with small pump 15, this is followed Solenoid valve 2 14 is provided on ring branch pipe, circulating pump is also connected by water pipe with liquid reserve tank, and water pipe is equipped with solenoid valve 3 17, electricity Magnet valve 1, solenoid valve 2 14 and solenoid valve 3 17 are controlled by fluid level controller 12, specific 12 basis of fluid level controller PH value controls the opening and closing of small pump and associated solenoid valve.
The circulation section concrete operating principle is as follows:When the pH value that pH probes detect liquid in liquid storage section is less than 2.5, mend Water pump and solenoid valve two are opened is sent into spray section by tap water by circulating water pipe, while solenoid valve one is closed, and solenoid valve three is opened It opens, the liquid in liquid storage section is sent into liquid reserve tank by circulating pump;When the pH value that pH probes detect liquid in liquid storage section is higher than 3.5 When, small pump and solenoid valve two are closed, while solenoid valve one is opened, and solenoid valve three is closed, and circulating pump is by the liquid in liquid storage section Spray section is sent by circulating water pipe;When the pH value that pH probes detect liquid in liquid storage section is located at 2.5~3.5 (including both ends Point value) between when, circulating pump by liquid storage section liquid be sent into liquid reserve tank in, this partially liq can be used as preparing wood vinegar Stoste realizes the recycling to wood vinegar by way of pH value control.
In actual application, device flow is divided into two parts:That is pyrolysis gas flow and liquid flow.The stream of pyrolysis gas Cheng Wei:Pyrolysis gas is entered by air inlet in purifying column first, using air distributor pyrolysis gas is made to be evenly distributed;Then into Enter level-one spray section, the liquid mist in the case where packing layer is sprayed with spray assemblies comes into full contact with, and it (is specially in pyrolysis gas to make pyrolysis gas steam Acetic acid steam) condensation dissolving collected to liquid storage section, pyrolysis gas goes successively to two level spray section, in this stage with level-one spray section It is similar;Subsequently into demisting section, demisting is successively carried out by spiral board and baffle plate, the drop in pyrolysis gas is removed, passes through spray Pyrolysis gas after leaching and demisting becomes thick combustion gas;Last thick combustion gas enters air outlet section, and purifying column is discharged by gas outlet;Liquid flow Cheng Wei:When the liquid pH in the liquid storage tank of liquid storage section is more than 3.5, solenoid valve one is opened, while solenoid valve two, three and small pump Close, circulating pump from liquid storage tank suck circulation fluid, spray section is entered by circulating water pipe and is sprayed, spray liquid packing layer with It after pyrolysis gas comes into full contact with, is then back into liquid storage tank, this causes liquid storage tank liquid pH reductions;When pH drops below 2.5 When, solenoid valve one is closed, and solenoid valve three is opened, and the liquid in liquid storage tank enters liquid reserve tank by circulating pump, meanwhile, small pump and Solenoid valve two is opened, and tap water is pumped by moisturizing in spray section, such tap water and pyrolysis gases contact, condensation dissolving pyrolysis Steam in gas, finally flows into liquid storage tank so that liquid pH is raised in liquid storage tank, is so cycled;When pH value is located at 2.5~3.5 Between when, circulating pump by liquid storage section liquid be sent into liquid reserve tank in, this partially liq can be used as preparing the stoste of wood vinegar, Realize the recycling to wood vinegar.
Apparatus of the present invention effectively absorb acetic acid steam in pyrolysis gas, using circulated sprinkling and pH value control method effectively Promote the formation of wood vinegar stoste, and the demisting means being combined using spinning disk and baffle plate improve demisting efficiency, reduce The water loss of purifier.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to The limitation present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles of the invention etc., should all include Within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of purifier for biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation, which is characterized in that the purifier is used for pyrolysis Gas carries out purified treatment, and including purifying column, which is divided into liquid storage section, air inlet section, spray section, demisting from bottom to up Section and air outlet section, outside be additionally provided with circulation section, pending pyrolysis gas enters from air inlet section, is sprayed through spray section and demisting section It after leaching and demisting, is discharged from air outlet section, the condensation during spray of the acetic acid steam in pyrolysis gas is recycled in liquid storage section, described Circulation section adjusts the spray liquid of spray section according to the pH value of liquid in liquid storage section so that the pH value of liquid is between 2.5- in liquid storage section Between 3.5.
2. the purifier of biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation to be used for as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the spray Section is the two-stage spray unit for including level-one spray section and two level spray section, and level-one spray section is identical with the structure of two level spray section Include packing layer and the spray assemblies being arranged on above packing layer, the spray assemblies are connected with circulation section.
3. the purifier of biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation to be used for as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that described Circulation section includes circulating pump, pH probes, small pump and liquid reserve tank, and the circulating pump is used to the liquid in liquid storage section being sent into spray In section or liquid reserve tank, the pH probes are used to detect the pH value of liquid in liquid storage section, and the unlatching of small pump is controlled according to pH value And closing.
4. the purifier of biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation to be used for as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that when pH probes When detecting the pH value of liquid in liquid storage section less than 2.5, small pump is opened is sent into spray section by tap water by circulating water pipe, together When circulating pump liquid in liquid storage section is sent into liquid reserve tank;When the pH value that pH probes detect liquid in liquid storage section is higher than 3.5 When, small pump is closed, and the liquid in liquid storage section is sent into spray section by circulating pump by circulating water pipe;When pH probes detect liquid storage When the pH value of liquid is between 2.5~3.5 in section, the liquid in liquid storage section is sent into liquid reserve tank by circulating pump.
5. the purifier of biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation to be used for as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the demisting Section includes spiral board and baffle plate, and the pyrolysis gas after spray first passes through spiral board and carries out demisting, then enters back into baffle plate Demisting is carried out, the pyrolysis gas after demisting enters air outlet section as thick combustion gas.
6. the purifier of biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation to be used for as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the eddy flow The plate elevation angle is 30 °, and the baffle plate dog-ear is 120 °.
7. the purifier for biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation as described in claim 1-6, which is characterized in that it is described into Gas section includes being opened in the air inlet in purifying column tower wall and the air distributor between air inlet section and spray section.
8. the purifier of biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation to be used for as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the air-flow Distributor is sieve type distributor, and being mutually perpendicular to intersection by several circular diversion rods is made, and the density of diversion rod is by tower Wall is gradually reduced to center, from close air inlet one side to separate air inlet one side by sparse gradually intensive.
CN201711383303.6A 2017-12-20 2017-12-20 A kind of purifier for biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation Pending CN108114578A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201711383303.6A CN108114578A (en) 2017-12-20 2017-12-20 A kind of purifier for biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201711383303.6A CN108114578A (en) 2017-12-20 2017-12-20 A kind of purifier for biomass pyrolysis liquefaction Poly-generation

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104014235A (en) * 2014-05-29 2014-09-03 苏州市金翔钛设备有限公司 Waste-gas processing apparatus
CN204325295U (en) * 2014-12-02 2015-05-13 唐山炬能节能科技有限公司 A kind of biomass cracking gas cleaning device
CN204746079U (en) * 2015-04-30 2015-11-11 江苏华旭再生资源利用有限公司 Quick cooling and alkali lye spray purifier
CN204710039U (en) * 2015-06-09 2015-10-21 马鞍山市顺达环保设备有限公司 A kind of circulation type acid mist purifying tower
CN204918518U (en) * 2015-08-04 2015-12-30 山东理工大学 Multistage combination formula living beings pyrolysis gas condensing tower
CN105289240A (en) * 2015-08-18 2016-02-03 江苏联兴成套设备制造有限公司 Wet method deacidification device for smoke of pyrolysis and gasification combustion furnace
CN205019931U (en) * 2015-09-10 2016-02-10 天津市威信通达科技有限公司 Automatic acid -base exhaust gas purification device of environmental protection and energy saving
CN105169924A (en) * 2015-09-10 2015-12-23 武汉中电楚能环保工程有限公司 Wet desulphurization device with effect-raising grating plate
CN204952609U (en) * 2015-09-11 2016-01-13 昆明滇鹰水处理工程有限公司 Sewage station odor treatment device
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CN206138985U (en) * 2016-07-08 2017-05-03 广州鹏锦环保科技有限公司 A spray column for acid -base waste gas handles
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CN206372605U (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-08-04 临沂圣大环保工程有限公司 A kind of tower top demister handled for phosphoric acid tail gas

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Application publication date: 20180605