CN108109206B - Finite element modeling method for opening pressure of lithium battery safety valve - Google Patents
Finite element modeling method for opening pressure of lithium battery safety valve Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a finite element modeling method for opening pressure of a lithium battery safety valve, belongs to the technical field of performance analysis of lithium battery safety valves, is specially used for carrying out simulation analysis on strength of a lithium battery safety valve, and identifies the condition of the opening event of the safety valve by taking the strength as an index, so that an experiment is replaced, and the opening pressure of the safety valve is rapidly determined. Can help structural designer to carry out quick prejudgement and response to model design's rationality at the initial stage of design, the simulation result is not influenced by the uniformity of actual processing product, can discern the deviation of product actual index and design value in return, manages and controls the key characteristic index of lithium cell safety valve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a finite element modeling method for analyzing opening pressure of a lithium battery safety valve.
Background
The safety valve is a battery pressure relief device, structurally provided with a nick structure and an induced deformation structure. When the internal pressure of the battery is out of control and abnormally increased to a certain degree, the safety valve can explode to leak pressure, so that explosion accidents caused by continuous pressurization of the battery are prevented. At present, no published literature in the lithium battery industry introduces how to use a simulation method to predict the opening pressure of the existing structure, and the deformation and damage mechanism of the structure cannot be revealed from the theoretical and simulation perspectives.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to provide a simple and feasible simulation modeling method, the opening pressure of the lithium battery safety valve is quickly obtained at the initial stage of design, so that an experiment is replaced, the feasibility of the design is judged, and the next structural optimization is guided. The invention provides a finite element modeling method for opening pressure of a lithium battery safety valve, which can help a structural designer to quickly pre-judge and respond to the rationality of model design in the initial stage of design, a simulation result is not influenced by the consistency of an actually processed product, and in turn, the deviation of an actual index and a design value of the product can be identified, and the key index of an external part is controlled.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a finite element modeling method for opening pressure of a lithium battery safety valve comprises the following steps:
step 1: the creation and transfer of the parameterized geometric model, specifically including,
step 1.1: determining characteristic parameters of a product, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise thickness, length, outer diameter, inner diameter and indentation depth, taking the characteristic parameters as input, and establishing a parameterized three-dimensional solid model of the lithium battery safety valve by adopting CATIA three-dimensional modeling software; the notch depth is a key parameter influencing the opening pressure of the safety valve, the size of the notch depth needs to be defined as a parameter H in CATIA software, and in subsequent design improvement, the numerical value of the notch depth can be changed into a required numerical value, namely, a new safety valve model can be quickly regenerated;
step 1.2: exporting a parameterized three-dimensional entity model of the lithium battery safety valve as geometric information, and reserving a middle format geometric model file with an extension name of x _ t;
step 1.3: inserting a statics module based on an Ansys Workbench platform, and importing the intermediate format geometric model file with the extension name of x _ t; in the process of deriving the geometric model, unit information of the original model may be lost, so that the unit information of the geometric model is redetermined, the units are uniformly adjusted to be international unit systems of mm, kg and N, and the geometric model suitable for Ansys Workbench is generated.
After the geometric model is imported and the unit system is adjusted, mesh generation is needed, and the mesh generation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) the grid form is dominated by hexahedron in quantity, and tetrahedron is taken as assistance; 2) the outer surfaces of the geometric models are all composed of hexahedrons; 3) 1/50, setting the size of the grid as the size L of the long side of the model; 4) the grid configuration needs to add intermediate nodes;
step 2: mesh subdivision, namely dividing the surface layer of the geometric model generated in the step 1.3 into hexahedral meshes and tetrahedral meshes by adopting a mesh division method with hexahedron dominance and tetrahedron as assistance; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: l/50 is set to the global mesh size at 1/50, i.e., L/50, of the geometric model long side dimension L.
Step 2.2: carrying out mesh configuration by using the mesh size L/50, and selecting a mesh subdivision strategy with a hexahedron dominance, namely dividing a geometric boundary into hexahedral mesh units by using the L/50 as a unit size on the surface layer of a geometric model, dividing the mesh units by using the hexahedron as a main part inside the geometric boundary, and dividing the regions which are difficult to be divided into the hexahedral mesh units into tetrahedral mesh units.
Step 2.3: and adding an intermediate node in the middle of each edge of the grid unit to upgrade the grid unit from a first order to a second order.
In the prior art, a mesh generation method comprises tetrahedral mesh generation and hexahedral mesh generation, and although hexahedral meshes have good convergence and calculation accuracy, the requirements on the topological relation of the structure are high, complex geometric processing is often required, and body cutting and Boolean operation can be realized, so that a great deal of time and energy are spent on engineers; the tetrahedral mesh has larger calculation amount, so that the whole structure is more rigid and has larger rigidity, the relative calculation of displacement, stress and mode slightly deviates, a mesh generation strategy with hexahedron dominance is selected to ensure certain calculation precision, and the difficulty of mesh generation can be reduced. And the intermediate node is reserved, so that the unit can be upgraded from a first order to a second order, and the solving precision is higher.
And step 3: the material model construction is mainly used for extracting key parameters capable of describing the elastoplasticity mechanical behavior of the safety valve: modulus of elasticity and secant stiffness. The modulus of elasticity is a conventional parameter, can be inquired on various literatures and design manuals, is a theoretically derived physical quantity for secant stiffness, and cannot be directly obtained from experiments or existing literature data. The material model construction method comprises the following concrete implementation steps:
(1) the stress-strain curve of the material is obtained by fitting the following equation,
m1＝m2 (8)
wherein m is1And m2Respectively the elastic strain rates of a material yield strengthening stage 1 and a material yield strengthening stage 2; subscripts t, y, and p represent tensile, yield, and plastic, respectively; gamma rayaAnd gammabRespectively representing tensile strain correction factors of a yield strengthening stage 1 and a yield strengthening stage 2; a. the1And A2Respectively representing the cross sections of the materials in the yield strengthening stage 1 and the yield strengthening stage 2; sigmaysDenotes the yield stress, σutsThen the intensity limit, σ, is expressedtIs a tensile stress,. epsilonpIs plastically strained,. epsilonysFor yield strain, R and H are respectively elastic strain rates m1And m2A correction factor;
(2) on the stress-strain curve of the material obtained by fitting, assuming that two end points of the yield stage are A and B respectively, connecting two end points A, B, and the slope of a line segment AB is the secant stiffness ETSecant stiffness ETThe value of (c) can be given by the coordinates of point A, B, as follows:
(3) with modulus of elasticity E and secant stiffness ETA bilinear material hardening model is constructed.
The two parameters of the elasticity modulus and the secant stiffness of the safety valve are used as the input of finite element software Ansys workbench, and the material property of the safety valve is established.
And 4, step 4: and (3) setting mechanical boundary conditions, constraining the translational freedom degree of the outer edge wall surface of the safety valve in the grid model obtained in the step (2), and applying actual internal pressure intensity to the inner surface of the safety valve to obtain a complete safety valve opening pressure finite element model.
And (3) dividing the geometric model into grids, inputting material parameters and setting mechanical boundary conditions to obtain a complete safety valve finite element model. In the modeling process, the long edge length L, the notch depth H, the elastic modulus E and the secant rigidity E of the safety valve need to be consideredTThese four parameters.
And 5: and (3) solving and calculating, namely after a finite element model of the safety valve is established, solving and calculating in Ansys Workbench software to obtain a stress cloud chart of the safety valve, wherein the stress cloud chart represents the intensity distribution of the safety valve, and whether the opening pressure of the safety valve meets the design requirement can be judged according to the intensity distribution.
When the stress value of a certain point is higher than the strength limit of the material, the position is indicated to have insufficient strength and fracture, and the safety valve is opened. Comparing the internal pressure applied to the inner surface of the safety valve with the designed opening pressure value of the safety valve, if the internal pressure is smaller than the designed opening pressure value, the originally designed safety valve is opened in advance, and at the moment, the notch depth of the safety valve needs to be reduced to meet the design requirement; if the internal pressure is greater than the designed opening pressure value, the safety valve in the original design is opened in a lagging mode, and at the moment, the notch depth of the safety valve needs to be reduced to meet the design requirement.
The method can be applied to the initial stage of design, before the product is sampled, the intensity is subjected to simulation analysis on the lithium battery safety valve, the condition of the occurrence of the safety valve opening event is identified by taking the intensity as an index, then an experiment is replaced, whether a structural model meets the design requirement is quickly analyzed, a large amount of trial production and experiment cost is reduced, and the opening pressure of the safety valve is quickly determined.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the finite element modeling method for the opening pressure of the lithium battery safety valve, provided by the invention, material attributes which are difficult to obtain in experiments can be constructed, the mechanical behavior of the safety valve can be accurately simulated, and the opening pressure value of the safety valve can be predicted. By predicting the opening pressure value, the design of the indentation depth can be guided in turn so as to meet the design requirement. In the whole design optimization process of the safety valve, a sample does not need to be trial-manufactured, a large amount of time and funds are wasted for experiment verification, and the technical blank of the industry is filled.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a geometric model of a safety valve;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of I in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a hexahedral mesh configuration with intermediate nodes;
FIG. 5 is a graph of secant stiffness;
FIG. 6 is a bilinear material hardening model;
fig. 7 is a safety valve finite element model.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. This figure is a simplified schematic diagram, and merely illustrates the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore it shows only the constitution related to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the finite element modeling method for the opening pressure of the lithium battery safety valve of the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1: the creation and transfer of the parameterized geometric model, specifically including,
step 1.1: determining characteristic parameters of a product, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise thickness, length, outer diameter, inner diameter and indentation depth, taking the characteristic parameters as input, and establishing a parameterized three-dimensional solid model of the lithium battery safety valve by adopting CATIA three-dimensional modeling software; the notch depth is a key parameter influencing the opening pressure of the safety valve, the size of the notch depth needs to be defined as a parameter H in CATIA software, and in subsequent design improvement, the numerical value of the notch depth can be changed into a required numerical value, namely, a new safety valve model can be quickly regenerated;
step 1.2: exporting a parameterized three-dimensional entity model of the lithium battery safety valve as geometric information, and reserving a middle format geometric model file with an extension name of x _ t;
step 1.3: inserting a statics module based on an Ansys Workbench platform, and importing the intermediate format geometric model file with the extension name of x _ t; in the process of deriving the geometric model, unit information of the original model may be lost, so that the unit information of the geometric model is redetermined, the units are uniformly adjusted to the international unit system of mm, kg and N, and the geometric model suitable for Ansys Workbench is generated, as shown in fig. 1 to 3.
After the geometric model is imported and the unit system is adjusted, mesh generation is needed, and the mesh generation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) the grid form is dominated by hexahedron in quantity, and tetrahedron is taken as assistance; 2) the outer surfaces of the geometric models are all composed of hexahedrons; 3) 1/50, setting the size of the grid as the size L of the long side of the model; 4) the grid configuration needs to add intermediate nodes;
step 2: mesh subdivision, namely dividing the surface layer of the geometric model generated in the step 1.3 into hexahedral meshes and tetrahedral meshes by adopting a mesh division method with hexahedron dominance and tetrahedron as assistance; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: l/50 is set to the global mesh size at 1/50, i.e., L/50, of the geometric model long side dimension L.
Step 2.2: carrying out mesh configuration by using the mesh size L/50, and selecting a mesh subdivision strategy with a hexahedron dominance, namely dividing a geometric boundary into hexahedral mesh units by using the L/50 as a unit size on the surface layer of a geometric model, dividing the mesh units by using the hexahedron as a main part inside the geometric boundary, and dividing the regions which are difficult to be divided into the hexahedral mesh units into tetrahedral mesh units.
Step 2.3: as shown in fig. 4, an intermediate node is added in the middle of each edge of the grid cell to upgrade the grid cell from first order to second order.
In the prior art, a mesh generation method comprises tetrahedral mesh generation and hexahedral mesh generation, and although hexahedral meshes have good convergence and calculation accuracy, the requirements on the topological relation of the structure are high, complex geometric processing is often required, and body cutting and Boolean operation can be realized, so that a great deal of time and energy are spent on engineers; the tetrahedral mesh has larger calculation amount, so that the whole structure is more rigid and has larger rigidity, the relative calculation of displacement, stress and mode slightly deviates, a mesh generation strategy with hexahedron dominance is selected to ensure certain calculation precision, and the difficulty of mesh generation can be reduced. And the intermediate node is reserved, so that the unit can be upgraded from a first order to a second order, and the solving precision is higher.
And step 3: the material model construction is mainly used for extracting key parameters capable of describing the elastoplasticity mechanical behavior of the safety valve: modulus of elasticity and secant stiffness. The modulus of elasticity is a conventional parameter, can be inquired on various literatures and design manuals, is a theoretically derived physical quantity for secant stiffness, and cannot be directly obtained from experiments or existing literature data. The material model construction method comprises the following concrete implementation steps:
(1) the stress-strain curve of the material is obtained by fitting the following equation,
m1＝m2 (8)
wherein m is1And m2Respectively the elastic strain rates of a material yield strengthening stage 1 and a material yield strengthening stage 2; subscripts t, y, and p represent tensile, yield, and plastic, respectively; gamma rayaAnd gammabRespectively representing tensile strain correction factors of a yield strengthening stage 1 and a yield strengthening stage 2; a. the1And A2Respectively representing the cross sections of the materials in the yield strengthening stage 1 and the yield strengthening stage 2; sigmaysDenotes the yield stress, σutsThen the intensity limit, σ, is expressedtIs a tensile stress,. epsilonpIs plastically strained,. epsilonysFor yield strain, R and H are respectively elastic strain rates m1And m2A correction factor;
(2) as shown in fig. 5, on the fitted stress-strain curve of the material, assuming that two end points of the yield stage are a and B, respectively, and connecting the two end points A, B, the slope of the segment AB is the secant stiffness ETSecant stiffness ETThe value of (c) can be given by the coordinates of point A, B, as follows:
(3) with modulus of elasticity E and secant stiffness ETA bilinear material hardening model is constructed. As shown in fig. 6, the left straight line represents the elastic phase of the material, and the right straight line represents the yielding phase of the material.
The two parameters of the elasticity modulus and the secant stiffness of the safety valve are used as the input of finite element software Ansys workbench, and the material property of the safety valve is established.
And 4, step 4: and (3) setting mechanical boundary conditions, constraining the translational freedom degree of the outer edge wall surface of the safety valve in the grid model obtained in the step (2), and applying actual internal pressure intensity to the inner surface of the safety valve to obtain a complete safety valve opening pressure finite element model.
And (3) dividing the geometric model into grids, inputting material parameters and setting mechanical boundary conditions to obtain a complete safety valve finite element model. In the modeling process. The length L of the long side, the depth H of the notch, the elastic modulus E and the secant rigidity E of the safety valve need to be consideredTThese four parameters. The resulting finite element model of the safety valve is shown in fig. 7.
And 5: and (3) solving and calculating, namely after a finite element model of the safety valve is established, solving and calculating in Ansys Workbench software to obtain a stress cloud chart of the safety valve, wherein the stress cloud chart represents the intensity distribution of the safety valve, and whether the opening pressure of the safety valve meets the design requirement can be judged according to the intensity distribution.
When the stress value of a certain point is higher than the strength limit of the material, the position is indicated to have insufficient strength and fracture, and the safety valve is opened. Comparing the internal pressure applied to the inner surface of the safety valve with the designed opening pressure value of the safety valve, if the internal pressure is smaller than the designed opening pressure value, the originally designed safety valve is opened in advance, and at the moment, the notch depth of the safety valve needs to be reduced to meet the design requirement; if the internal pressure is greater than the designed opening pressure value, the safety valve in the original design is opened in a lagging mode, and at the moment, the notch depth of the safety valve needs to be reduced to meet the design requirement.
The method can be applied to the initial stage of design, before the product is sampled, the intensity is subjected to simulation analysis on the lithium battery safety valve, the condition of the occurrence of the safety valve opening event is identified by taking the intensity as an index, then an experiment is replaced, whether a structural model meets the design requirement is quickly analyzed, a large amount of trial production and experiment cost is reduced, and the opening pressure of the safety valve is quickly determined.
In light of the foregoing description of preferred embodiments in accordance with the invention, it is to be understood that numerous changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A finite element modeling method for opening pressure of a lithium battery safety valve is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the creation and transfer of the parameterized geometric model, specifically including,
step 1.1: determining characteristic parameters of a product, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise thickness, length, outer diameter, inner diameter and indentation depth, taking the characteristic parameters as input, and establishing a parameterized three-dimensional solid model of the lithium battery safety valve by adopting CATIA three-dimensional modeling software;
step 1.2: exporting a parameterized three-dimensional entity model of the lithium battery safety valve as geometric information, and reserving a middle format geometric model file with an extension name of x _ t;
step 1.3: inserting a statics module based on an Ansys Workbench platform, importing the intermediate format geometric model file with the extension name of x _ t, re-determining unit information of the geometric model, uniformly adjusting units into an international unit system, and generating a geometric model suitable for the Ansys Workbench;
step 2: mesh subdivision, namely dividing the surface layer of the geometric model generated in the step 1.3 into hexahedral meshes and tetrahedral meshes by adopting a mesh division method with hexahedron dominance and tetrahedron as assistance;
and step 3: constructing a material model, namely inputting two parameters of the elasticity modulus and the secant stiffness of the safety valve into the geometric model subjected to mesh dissection in the step 2 in finite element software Ansys Workbench, and establishing the material model of the safety valve;
and 4, step 4: setting mechanical boundary conditions, constraining the translational freedom degree of the outer edge wall surface of the safety valve in the grid model obtained in the step 2, and applying actual internal pressure intensity to the inner surface of the safety valve to obtain a complete safety valve opening pressure finite element model;
and 5: solving and calculating, namely after the finite element model is established, solving and calculating in Ansys Workbench software to obtain a stress cloud chart of the safety valve, wherein the stress cloud chart represents the intensity distribution of the safety valve, and whether the opening pressure of the safety valve meets the design requirement or not can be judged according to the intensity distribution;
the elastic modulus and secant stiffness determination in step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: searching and determining the elastic modulus E of the corresponding material;
step 3.2: the stress-strain curve of the material is obtained by fitting the following equation,
m1＝m2 (8)
wherein m is1And m2Respectively the elastic strain rates of a material yield strengthening stage 1 and a material yield strengthening stage 2; subscripts t, y, and p represent tensile, yield, and plastic, respectively; gamma rayaAnd gammabRespectively representing tensile strain correction factors of a yield strengthening stage 1 and a yield strengthening stage 2; a. the1And A2Respectively representing the cross sections of the materials in the yield strengthening stage 1 and the yield strengthening stage 2; sigmaysDenotes the yield stress, σutsThen the intensity limit, σ, is expressedtIs a tensile stress,. epsilonpIs plastically strained,. epsilonysFor yield strain, R and H are respectively elastic strain rates m1And m2A correction factor;
step 3.3: on the fitted stress-strain curve of the material, assuming that two end points of the yield stage are A and B respectively, connecting the two end points A, B, the slope of the segment AB is secant stiffness ET, the numerical value of the secant stiffness ET can be given by the coordinate of A, B points,
the following formula:
step 3.4: a bilinear stiffness model is constructed with an elastic modulus E and a secant stiffness ET.
2. The lithium battery safety valve opening pressure finite element modeling method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the grid division in the step 2 specifically comprises:
step 2.1: setting L/50 as the global grid size at 1/50 of the long side size L of the geometric model, namely L/50;
step 2.2: carrying out mesh configuration by using the mesh size L/50, and selecting a mesh subdivision strategy with a hexahedron dominance, namely dividing a geometric boundary into hexahedral mesh units by using the L/50 as a unit size on the surface layer of a geometric model, dividing the mesh units by using the hexahedron as a main part inside the geometric boundary, and dividing the regions which are difficult to be divided into the hexahedral mesh units into tetrahedral mesh units.
3. The lithium battery safety valve opening pressure finite element modeling method of claim 2, wherein: the mesh configuration further comprises the following steps: and adding an intermediate node in the middle of each edge of the grid unit to upgrade the grid unit from a first order to a second order.
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| CN111611669B (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2024-01-23 | 清华大学 | Battery safety improvement method, device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN113532728B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2023-05-12 | 广州小鹏智慧充电科技有限公司 | Method and device for determining opening pressure value of explosion-proof valve in battery pack |
| CN116776674B (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2024-06-28 | 浙江大学湖州研究院 | Finite element method for predicting damage behavior of cap structure under thermal runaway of lithium battery |
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