CN108106782A - A kind of dynamic hanging type overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection method - Google Patents

A kind of dynamic hanging type overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108106782A
CN108106782A CN201711375773.8A CN201711375773A CN108106782A CN 108106782 A CN108106782 A CN 108106782A CN 201711375773 A CN201711375773 A CN 201711375773A CN 108106782 A CN108106782 A CN 108106782A
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Prior art keywords
mrow
msub
container
mfrac
weighing
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CN108106782B (en
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张玉东
伏滨
刘小正
梁跃武
陈维毅
员小龙
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Shanxi Xinyuan Weighing Science And Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
XI'AN RAILWAY BUREAU SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
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Shanxi Xinyuan Weighing Science And Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
XI'AN RAILWAY BUREAU SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M1/00Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
    • G01M1/14Determining imbalance
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/16Applications of indicating, registering, or weighing devices

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Balance (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of dynamic overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection methods, belong to traffic and transport field on railway container weighing measurement technology, specifically detect the acceleration and weight of container in dynamic hoisting process in real time using acceleration transducer and weighing sensor, acceleration is recycled to be modified weight, and then determine the unbalance loading value and weight of container during Super leaning load, the measurement result of more existing overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection device is more accurate, can be preferably the development service of national economy and science and technology, ensure quality measurements accurately and reliably, and the detection method of the present invention is simple and easy to do, used equipment belongs to commercial product, risk of input is small, advantage of lower cost.

Description

A kind of dynamic hanging type overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection method
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of the invention belongs to traffic and transport field Branch of Mechanics on railway container Weighing problem Dynamic hanging type overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection method.
Background technology
Dynamic hanging type overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection device is when container is loaded in railway transportation, to be risen in gate seat (crane span structure) That is installed on heavy-duty machine or front-handling mobile crane is used to detect by the Container Weight of handling and center of gravity floor projection position, and sentences The disconnected device whether to transfinite.
There are during acceleration when the non-at the uniform velocity lifting of lifting process for existing hanging type overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection device product Relatively large deviation can be generated to testing result, the deviation is to the container gross weight G, left and right (x-axis direction) the unbalance loading value l that measurexAnd Front and rear (y-axis direction) unbalance loading value lyIt has a significant impact, larger measured deviation can directly affect the peace during container in hoisting status Quan Xing.In China,《Railway cargo loading process reinforces rule》Middle clear stipulaties:" after cargo entrucking, position is answered in the projection of cargo total centre of gravity In on the crosspoint of the longitudinal and transverse center line on lorry floor, it is necessary to when deviateing, lateral run-out amount must not exceed 100mm, more than when, Counterweight measure should be taken;When longitudinal direction is deviateed, the goods weight that each bogie of car is born must not exceed lorry admissible load The half of amount, and two bogies bear the difference of weight and are not greater than 10t ".
But current hanging type overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection device is in the design there are two defects, first, having ignored Acceleration is to relatively large deviation caused by testing result existing for lifting process;Second is that container spreader is horizontal, ground not When horizontal and crane runway is not horizontal, testing result can generate relatively large deviation;Larger measurement is inclined during container in hoisting status Difference can directly affect the safety of Railway Container Transport.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the deficiency in the presence of overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection process in the prior art, the present invention provides one kind Dynamic hanging type overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection method.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of dynamic hanging type overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection method, realization comprise the following steps:
(1) tested container (5) is lifted on suspender (1), weighing sensor (3) is installed on the twist lock of suspender (1), Installation at least one acceleration transducer (2), acceleration transducer (2) and weighing sensor are nearby corresponded in weighing sensor (3) (3) it is connected by wireless communication mode with Weighing indicator (4);
(2) container (5) is stood before lifting for zero point, and container (5) at zero point is detected by weighing sensor (3) Weight data is simultaneously transferred to Weighing indicator (4);
(3) after container (5) lifts by crane, acceleration transducer (2) and weighing sensor (3) are in real time by the acceleration of detection Value and weight data are transferred to Weighing indicator (4);
(4) the CPU module receiving step (2) of Weighing indicator (4) and the data-signal of (3), to weighing sensor (3) and Acceleration transducer (2) is circumferentially numbered clockwise or counter-clockwise according to suspender (1), and using the central point of suspender (1) as origin, It is x-axis to cross central point and extend along suspender (1) length direction, and it is y to cross central point and extend along suspender (1) width Axis establishes Load Model;
(5) CPU module of Weighing indicator (4) passes through following public affairs according to the stressing conditions for the Load Model established Formula is calculated, and determines the dynamic unbalance loading value L of the lifting modified container of post-acceleration (5)x、LyAnd container (5) weight M, Calculation formula is:
Wherein:I=1~4, n be acceleration transducer (2) quantity, aiFor i-th of acceleration transducer (2) the speed change acceleration value of detection;
M is the quality of container (5);
m1、m2... for the qualitative data of each weighing sensor (3) detection, kg or t;
G is acceleration of gravity, m/s2
LxFor unbalance loading amount of container (5) center of gravity in longitudinal direction (X-axis) direction, mm;
LyFor unbalance loading amount of container (5) center of gravity in transverse direction (Y-axis) direction, mm;
The distance of A length directions between container (5) vertical corner hole, mm;
The distance of B length directions between the horizontal corner apertures of container (5), mm.
It further limits, the weighing sensor (3) is 2~4.
Further limit, when the weighing sensor (3) is 2, on two twist locks of suspender (1) relative angle, Acceleration transducer (2) is corresponded with weighing sensor, and m2=m4=0 or m1=m3=0.
The dynamic hanging type overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection method of the present invention is to utilize acceleration transducer and weighing sensor Acceleration and weight in detection dynamic hoisting process during container variable motion in real time, recycles acceleration to repair weight Just, the unbalance loading value and Container Weight of container during Super leaning load, compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the invention are determined and then Fruit is:
(1) since the present invention considers that the change of physical presence accelerates influence of the lifting brief acceleration to measurement result, to surveying Amount result is corrected, and the measurement result of more existing overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection device more accurately and reliably, can be more preferable Ground is the development service of national economy and science and technology, is provided safeguard safely for Container Transport.
(2) detection method of the invention is simple and easy to do, and the components such as used piezoresistance type acceleration sensor belong to Commercially available matured product, risk of input is small, advantage of lower cost.
(3) detection method operand of the invention is small, and detection sensitivity is high, small by external environmental interference.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic view of the mounting position of weighing sensor 3 and acceleration transducer 2.
Fig. 2 is unbalance loading amount computation model.
Specific embodiment
The dynamic hanging type overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection method of the present invention is for detecting in railway, harbour, quay transportation When loading container 5, by the weight and center of gravity of the container 5 of handling on gate seat (crane span structure) crane or front-handling mobile crane In horizontal plane projected position, and judge whether it transfinites, i.e., it respectively will detection using weighing sensor 3 and acceleration transducer 2 To signal be converted by transmitter the analog signals for acquisition process of standard, this is believed by wireless signal transmission end The reception of wireless signals end of instrumentation 4 number is passed to, by the CPU of Weighing indicator 4 by gathered reception of wireless signals end Signal carries out processing calculating by software, obtains gross weight, the unbalance loading value of container 5, and data are shown in man-machine interface, and It can store, print.
Embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 1 and 2, the Super leaning load detection method of the present embodiment is realized by following steps:
(1) tested container 5 is lifted on the suspender 1 of gantry crane or front-handling mobile crane, and in suspender 1 Four angle twist locks on install 4 weighing sensors 3, detect container 54 angles stressing conditions;In each weighing and sensing 1 piezoresistance type acceleration sensor 2, the speed change acceleration after detection lifting are respectively installed on 3 corresponding angle of device;Acceleration transducer 2 and weighing sensor 3 export signal this signal is transmitted to reception of wireless signals end by wireless signal transmission end, by wireless Communication is connected with Weighing indicator 4;
(2) weight data of container 5 at zero point is detected simultaneously by weighing sensor 3 when being stood before container 5 lifts by crane It is transferred to Weighing indicator 4;
(3) after container 5 lifts by crane, acceleration transducer 2 and weighing sensor 3 are in real time by the acceleration value of detection and again Amount data are transferred to Weighing indicator 4;
(4) the CPU module receiving step (2) of Weighing indicator 4 and the data-signal of (3) to weighing sensor 3 and accelerate Sensor 2 is spent according to the circumferential number, and using the central point of suspender 1 as origin clockwise of suspender 1, is crossed central point and is grown along suspender 1 It is x-axis to spend direction extension, and it is y-axis to cross central point and extend along 1 width of suspender, establishes Load Model, such as Fig. 2;
(5) CPU module of Weighing indicator 4 passes through following formula according to the stressing conditions for the Load Model established It is calculated, determines the dynamic unbalance loading value L of the lifting modified container 5 of post-accelerationx、LyAnd 5 weight M of container, it calculates public Formula is:
Equation below can be obtained according to mechanics and principle of moment balance:
G=F1+F2+F3+F4 (1.1)
Three formula simultaneous can solve:
So as to the container 5 mass m and unbalance loading value l before obtaining without acceleration correctionx、lyRespectively:
In formula, G is the weight of container 5, and g is acceleration of gravity, m/s2;M be container 5 quality, m1、m2、m3、m4For 5 mass of container at 4 jiaos (suspension centres) that 4 weighing sensors 3 detect, kg or t;
F1, F2, F3, F45 weight of container at 4 jiaos (suspension centres) measured respectively for 4 weighing sensors 3;
The distance of A length directions between 5 vertical corner hole of container, for 20 forty equivalent unit 40s 5, A=5853mm;For 40 Forty equivalent unit 40 5, A=11985mm;
B is the distance of length direction between the horizontal corner apertures of container 5, for 20 feet and 40 forty equivalent unit 40s 5, B= 2259mm;
LxFor unbalance loading amount of 5 center of gravity of container in longitudinal direction (X-axis) direction, mm;
LyFor unbalance loading amount of 5 center of gravity of container in transverse direction (Y-axis) direction, mm.
When suspender 1 does variable motion together with container 5, the power that weighing sensor 3 is subject to includes gravity and adds Two parts of power caused by speed.Gravity causes, it is necessary to subtract acceleration from the total power that weighing sensor 3 is subject in order to obtain Power:
G0=G-Ga (1.8)
In formula:G0For container 5 weight to the active force of weighing sensor 3;
G is the weight of container 5;
GaIt is that speed change acceleration a causes active force of the container 5 to acceleration transducer 2 after lifting by crane;
G0=mg (1.9)
Ga=ma (1.10)
A is speed change acceleration;
Formula (1.11) is obtained after formula (1.10) and formula (1.9) are substituted into formula (1.8) and arrangement:
M=G/ (g+a) formula (1.11)
Therefore, 5 mass M of container detected after accelerated degree is corrected and unbalance loading value L be can obtainx、LyRespectively:
Wherein:I=1~4, n be acceleration transducer 2 quantity, aiFor i-th of acceleration transducer 2 The speed change acceleration value of detection.
Embodiment 2
The Super leaning load detection method of the present embodiment is realized by following steps:
(1) tested container 5 is lifted on the suspender 1 of gantry crane or front-handling mobile crane, and in suspender 1 Two opposite twist locks on (1,3 angle points in above-mentioned Fig. 2) 2 weighing sensors 3 are installed, 2, container of detection is diagonal Stressing conditions;1 acceleration transducer 2 is respectively installed on each 3 corresponding angle of weighing sensor, the speed change after detection lifting adds Speed.Acceleration transducer 2 and weighing sensor 3 export signal and this signal are transmitted to wireless communication by wireless signal transmission end Number receiving terminal, is connected by wireless telecommunications with Weighing indicator 4;
(2) weight data of container 5 at zero point is detected simultaneously by weighing sensor 3 when being stood before container 5 lifts by crane It is transferred to Weighing indicator 4;
(3) after container 5 lifts by crane, acceleration transducer 2 and weighing sensor 3 are in real time by the acceleration value of detection and again Amount data are transferred to Weighing indicator 4;
(4) the CPU module receiving step (2) of Weighing indicator 4 and the data-signal of (3) to weighing sensor 3 and accelerate Sensor 2 is spent according to the circumferential number, and using the central point of suspender 1 as origin clockwise of suspender 1, is crossed central point and is grown along suspender 1 It is x-axis to spend direction extension, and it is y-axis to cross central point and extend along 1 width of suspender, establishes Load Model;
(5) CPU module of Weighing indicator 4 passes through following formula according to the stressing conditions for the Load Model established It is calculated, determines the unbalance loading value L of the lifting modified dynamic container 5 of post-accelerationx、LyAnd 5 weight M of container, specifically For:
It can obtain 5 mass M of container detected after accelerated degree is corrected and unbalance loading value Lx、LyRespectively:
Piezoresistance type acceleration sensor 2 used in above-described embodiment belongs to commercial product.Acceleration transducer 2 can be distributed 1 or 2,3 or 4, piezoresistance type acceleration sensor the key technical indexes used may be referred to following data:
Range:0~10g;
Full-span output:≮50mV
Temperature drift:< 1% in the range of -40 DEG C~60 DEG C
Precision:(full scale) 10-2
Resonant frequency > 100Hz
Supply voltage:12V(DC)
Output impedance:1kΩ
Requirement for the selection of acceleration transducer 2, weighing sensor 3 is that low frequency response is good, high sensitivity, precision Height, the linearity is good and can be worked normally in strong radiation environment.
Number clockwise may be employed to weighing sensor 3 and the number of acceleration transducer 2 when establishing Load Model, Can be numbered counter-clockwise, on testing result without influence, in addition, for weighing sensor 3 and acceleration transducer 2 and finger of weighing Show that the communication between device 4 belongs to routine techniques, therefore be not described in detail.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of dynamic hanging type overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection method, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps:
(1) tested container (5) is lifted on suspender (1), weighing sensor (3) on the twist lock of suspender (1) is installed, is being claimed Retransmit sensor (3) corresponding installation at least one acceleration transducer (2) nearby, acceleration transducer (2) and weighing sensor (3) It is connected by wireless communication mode with Weighing indicator (4);
(2) container (5) is stood before lifting for zero point, and the weight of container (5) at zero point is detected by weighing sensor (3) Data are simultaneously transferred to Weighing indicator (4);
(3) after container (5) lifts by crane, acceleration transducer (2) and weighing sensor (3) in real time by the acceleration value of detection and Weight data is transferred to Weighing indicator (4);
(4) the CPU module receiving step (2) of Weighing indicator (4) and the data-signal of (3) to weighing sensor (3) and accelerate Degree sensor (2) is circumferentially numbered clockwise or counter-clockwise according to suspender (1), and using the central point of suspender (1) as origin, excessively in Heart point and along suspender (1) length direction extension be x-axis, cross central point and along suspender (1) width extension be y-axis, build Vertical Load Model;
(5) CPU module of Weighing indicator (4) according to the Load Model established stressing conditions, by following formula into Row calculates, and determines the dynamic unbalance loading value L of the lifting modified container of post-acceleration (5)x、LyAnd container (5) weight M, it calculates Formula is:
<mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
<mrow> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>A</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
<mrow> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>y</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>B</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
Wherein:I=1~4, n be acceleration transducer (2) quantity, aiFor i-th of acceleration transducer (2) The speed change acceleration value of detection;
M is the quality of container (5), kg or t;
m1、m2... for the qualitative data of each weighing sensor (3) detection, kg or t;
G is acceleration of gravity, m/s2
LxFor unbalance loading amount of container (5) center of gravity in longitudinal direction (X-axis) direction, mm;
LyFor unbalance loading amount of container (5) center of gravity in transverse direction (Y-axis) direction, mm;
The distance of A length directions between container (5) vertical corner hole, mm;
The distance of B length directions between the horizontal corner apertures of container (5), mm.
2. dynamic overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The weighing sensor (3) it is 2~4.
3. dynamic overloading and unbalanced loading of container detection method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The weighing sensor (3) when being 2, on two twist locks of suspender (1) relative angle, acceleration transducer (2) is a pair of with weighing sensor one Should, and m2=m4=0 or m1=m3=0.
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CN110501058A (en) * 2019-09-26 2019-11-26 六安远大住宅工业有限公司 Weighing system

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