CN108093732A - A kind of fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase - Google Patents
A kind of fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase Download PDFInfo
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- CN108093732A CN108093732A CN201711407460.6A CN201711407460A CN108093732A CN 108093732 A CN108093732 A CN 108093732A CN 201711407460 A CN201711407460 A CN 201711407460A CN 108093732 A CN108093732 A CN 108093732A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase, layout planning is ploughed before field planting, is applied in pending soil base to pending layout planning soil radix heap, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and stalk；Entire vegetables fertility season Nitrogen Top Dressing is calculated as 250~300kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 180~200kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 400~450kg/hm2.The present invention is by being reduced Nitrogen Top Dressing and straw-returning, so that yield of vegetables increase about 10%, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer reduces more than 20% than control group fertilising, and the topsoil content of organic matter improves about 6% compared with control group, and 0 40cm soil layers soil salt content reduces about 10%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizing methods of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Light salt-soda soil refers to emergence rate in 70%-80%, salt-soda soil of the salt content below 3/1000ths, pH value between
7.1-8.5 can carry out appropriate Agricultural Activities, be that most directly supplementing for land resource can be utilized to China.At present, slightly
Salinized soil has largely been opened up wasteland as farmland, the dry crops such as plantation sunflower, corn.
Such as, a kind of cultural methods of millets in light saline-alkali cultivated land of Chinese patent literature CN101904264A, this method include：
First, stubble-cleaning is carried out successively to light salt-soda soil, the autumn is turned over, autumn ridging and organic fertilizer are handled；2nd, trench digging on ridge is taken to sit water wide row
Form is sowed；3rd, treat that millet comes up, carry out intertilling with shoveling successively, shovel ground thinning, shallow time, final singling；Millet tiller knot
Shu Shi close up with deep time with shoveling；During the millet jointing stage, ridging is plowed after spraying fertilizer deeply；During the millet pustulation period, irrigate once,
It is gathered in after millet maturation.The millet planted using above-mentioned technical proposal in salt-soda soil, average hectare yield reach 4500kg, and normal
Rule production field is compared, and volume increase 47.7%~51.0% increases by 5820 yuan~6220 yuan of income, is planted available for light alkali arable land millet
Training.
Slight salinized soil is largely farmland, due to being influenced by limiting factors such as edaphic conditions, slight saline and alkaline use
In planting vegetable low output, and salt-soda soil agricultural high-effiency is utilized and is of great significance to the promotion of China's facilities vegetable.How to allow
Salt-soda soil vegetable increase production is a problem for being worth research.
At present, vegetable increase production technique study in salt-soda soil is seldom, Chinese patent literature CN105145073A
(201510561458.9) salt-soda soil interplanting vegetable increase production method is disclosed, is mainly realized by the planting patterns of interplanting,
Chinese patent literature CN105850263A (201610206193.5) discloses a kind of applying for salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase
Fertile irrigation method is mainly realized by the optimization to fertilizer irrigation mode and fertilizer irrigation amount.This method uses drip irrigation,
Since the cost of drip irrigation equipment is higher, and technical merit requirement is relatively high, can not large-scale promotion utilize, and be unable to reach
The purpose of less salt；Vegetable cultivation is still carried out mostly by the way of border irrigation at present, how under the conditions of border irrigation, realizes that facilities vegetable subtracts
Salt increases production the solution of this problems demand.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase,
Straw-returning and Optimum are combined by this method, can greatly improve light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable yield, simple and convenient, can
It is strong operability, of low cost, highly practical.
Term explanation：
Light salt-soda soil：Refer to salt content below 3/1000ths, pH value is between the salt-soda soil of 7.1-8.5.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase, this method include：Before layout planning field planting, to treating
Treatment facility vegetable field soil radix heap, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and stalk；Wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 200~250kg/ with purity nitrogen
hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 200~250kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 200~250kg/hm2, stalk dosage
3000~3500kg/hm2, then carry out turning over planting vegetable, be increased production with reaching light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt.
Preferred according to the present invention, entire vegetables fertility is irrigated in season using flood irrigation mode, irrigation volume 350-
370mm is irrigated once for every 7~10 days.
Preferred according to the present invention, entire vegetables fertility season Nitrogen Top Dressing, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is with purity nitrogen
It is calculated as 250~300kg/hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 180~200kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 400~
450kg/hm2, fertilizing type is that punching is applied.
Preferred according to the present invention, entire vegetables fertility imposes fertilizer amount season and is:Nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as with purity nitrogen
300kg/hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 195kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 450kg/hm2, so that salt-soda soil is set
Apply the volume increase of vegetables less salt.
Preferred according to the present invention, the method for the salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase, layout planning is ploughed field planting
Before, it applies fertilizer in pending layout planning soil base and expects nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；Wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 225- with purity nitrogen
250kg/hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 225-250kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 225-250kg/hm2。
Preferred according to the present invention, stalk dosage is 3000~3200kg/hm2。
The present invention is highly preferred, the method for described salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase, and layout planning is ploughed field planting
Before, it applies fertilizer in pending layout planning soil base and expects nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；Wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 225kg/ with purity nitrogen
hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 225kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2, stalk dosage is 3000kg/
hm2。
Preferred according to the present invention, the stalk is wheat or maize straw, and returning to the field is applied after stalk crushes, after crushing
The grain size of stalk is 0.5-2cm.
Soil plough horizon short texture after straw-returning, unit weight reduce, and noncapillary poropsity dramatically increases, and block soil salt
Point move down and uplink, can effectively inhibit soil salt table and gather, the main root zone according of crop is made to keep relatively low salinity level, is subtracted
Light soil salt promotes root system development, nutrient is absorbed so as to increase, and then improve crop to the salt damage of crop root
Yield；Therefore, the amount of application of stalk and grain size influence noncapillary poropsity notable, and the amount of application of stalk is excessive or very few equal
Noncapillary poropsity can be reduced, salinity is made, which to accumulate in soil surface, to be shifted, and yield of vegetables is caused to reduce.
Currently preferred, the method for the salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase is total suitable for chronic administration chemical nitrogen fertilizer
Amount is higher than 525kg/hm in terms of purity nitrogen2Layout planning.
Currently preferred, the pending salt-soda soil layout planning soil is the plantation fruits vegetable such as cucumber or tomato
The saline moist soil of dish.
Currently preferred, when the pending salt-soda soil layout planning plantation is cucumber, layout planning is ploughed
Before field planting, apply fertilizer in pending layout planning soil base and expect nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and stalk；Wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is in terms of purity nitrogen
For 225kg/hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 225kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2, stalk dosage
3000kg/hm2；Entire cucumber fertility imposes fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer season, and wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 300kg/ with purity nitrogen
hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 195kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 450kg/hm2。
Currently preferred, base fertilising material applies pending layout planning soil in late July base.
Currently preferred, the base of fertilizer is applied mode and is turned over to carry out machinery after manually uniform application, imposes mode as punching
It applies.
Fertilizer of the present invention is conventional commercial chemistry fertilizer purchased in market.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
(1) method of salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase of the invention, can greatly improve salt-soda soil facilities vegetable
Utilization rate of fertilizer is reduced due to environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization and the wasting of resources.This method is simple and easy to do, operability
By force, it is highly practical.
(2) method of salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase of the invention, imposes in pending layout planning soil decrement
Nitrogenous fertilizer and by straw-returning mode culture fertility, so that yield of vegetables increase about 10%, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is applied than control group
Fertilizer reduces more than 20%, but soil organic matter content improves about 6%, 0-40cm soil layers soil salt content compared with control group and relatively compares
Group reduces about 10%.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but not limited to this.
In embodiment, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is respectively urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, is common market
Chemical fertilizer.The method that embodiment selects the carrying out Vegetable volume increase of Dezhou Yucheng Area salt-soda soil.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase, it is as follows including step：
Late July, before cucumber is colonized, to pending layout planning soil radix heap, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and stalk；Its
Middle nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 225kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 225kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as
225kg/hm2, stalk dosage 3000kg/hm2, then carry out turning over planting vegetable, be increased with reaching light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt
Production.
Entire cucumber fertility season dressing fertilizer doses is nitrogenous fertilizer 300kg/hm in terms of purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as
195kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 450kg/hm2.Entire vegetables fertility is irrigated in season using flood irrigation mode, irrigation volume
For 364mm.
It applies nitrogenous fertilizer total amount and 525kg/hm is calculated as with purity nitrogen2, phosphate fertilizer total amount is with P2O5It is calculated as 420kg/hm2With potash fertilizer total amount
With K2O is calculated as 675kg/hm2, other carry out normal field management by existing.
Experimental example 1：
Yield trials is carried out by taking long-term cropping cucumber as an example.The embodiment of the present invention 1 be processing group, control group：Apply nitrogenous fertilizer
Total amount is calculated as 675kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, phosphate fertilizer total amount is with P2O5It is calculated as 420kg/hm2With potash fertilizer total amount with K2O is calculated as 675kg/
hm2；Wherein radix heap dosage is calculated as 225kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 225kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer with
K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2.Entire cucumber fertility season dressing fertilizer doses is nitrogenous fertilizer 450kg/hm in terms of purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5
It is calculated as 195kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 450kg/hm2.Normal field management is carried out after field planting.
Uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested only from the field planting on the 1st of August in 2015 on November 24th, 2015, processing group cucumber cumulative production for 79.5 ±
8.89t/hm2, control group cucumber cumulative production is 81.11 ± 3.52t/hm2, processing group is compared with the control group underproduction 1.99%, 0-40cm
Soil layer soil salt content reduces by 1.72% compared with control group.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase, it is as follows including step：
Late July, before cucumber is colonized, to pending layout planning soil radix heap, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and stalk；Its
Middle nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 210kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 210kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as
210kg/hm2, stalk dosage 3200kg/hm2, then carry out turning over planting vegetable, be increased with reaching light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt
Production.
Entire cucumber fertility season dressing fertilizer doses is nitrogenous fertilizer 300kg/hm in terms of purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as
195kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 450kg/hm2.Entire vegetables fertility is irrigated in season using flood irrigation mode, irrigation volume
For 364mm.
It applies nitrogenous fertilizer total amount and 510kg/hm is calculated as with purity nitrogen2, phosphate fertilizer total amount is with P2O5It is calculated as 405kg/hm2With potash fertilizer total amount
With K2O is calculated as 660kg/hm2, other carry out normal field management by existing.
Yield trials is carried out by taking long-term cropping cucumber as an example.The embodiment of the present invention 2 be processing group, control group：Apply nitrogenous fertilizer
Total amount is calculated as 675kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, phosphate fertilizer total amount is with P2O5It is calculated as 420kg/hm2With potash fertilizer total amount with K2O is calculated as 675kg/
hm2；Wherein radix heap dosage is calculated as 225kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 225kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer with
K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2.Entire cucumber fertility season dressing fertilizer doses is nitrogenous fertilizer 450kg/hm in terms of purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5
It is calculated as 195kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 450kg/hm2.Normal field management is carried out after field planting.
Uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested only from the field planting on the 1st of August in 2015 on November 24th, 2015, processing group cucumber cumulative production for 89.24 ±
3.78t/hm2, control group cucumber cumulative production is 81.11 ± 3.52t/hm2, processing group is compared with 10.03%, 0- of control group volume increase
40cm soil layers soil salt content reduces by 10.34% compared with control group.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase, this method include：Before layout planning field planting, to waiting to locate
Manage layout planning soil radix heap, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and stalk；Wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 200~250kg/hm with purity nitrogen2,
Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 200~250kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 200~250kg/hm2, stalk dosage 3000~
3500kg/hm2, then carry out turning over planting vegetable, be increased production with reaching light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt.
2. the fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase according to claim 1, which is characterized in that entire vegetable
Dish fertility is irrigated in season using flood irrigation mode, and irrigation volume 350-370mm is irrigated once for every 7~10 days.
3. the fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase according to claim 1, which is characterized in that entire vegetable
Dish fertility season Nitrogen Top Dressing, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount are calculated as 250~300kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates with
P2O5It is calculated as 180~200kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 400~450kg/hm2, fertilizing type is that punching is applied.
4. the fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase according to claim 3, which is characterized in that entire vegetable
Dish fertility imposes fertilizer amount season and is:Nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 300kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 195kg/
hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 450kg/hm2, so that salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt is increased production.
5. the fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The method of salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase, layout planning plough before field planting, apply fertilizer and expect in pending layout planning soil base
Nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；Wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 225-250kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 225-
250kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 225-250kg/hm2。
6. the fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase according to claim 1, which is characterized in that stalk is used
It measures as 3000~3200kg/hm2。
7. the fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The method of salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase, layout planning plough before field planting, apply fertilizer and expect in pending layout planning soil base
Nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；Wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 225kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 225kg/hm2, potassium
Fertile dosage is with K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2, stalk dosage is 3000kg/hm2。
8. the fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Stalk is wheat or maize straw, and returning to the field is applied after stalk crushes, and the grain size of stalk is 0.5-2cm after crushing；Base fertilising material is in 7
The pending layout planning soil of moon last ten-days period base application.
9. the fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Pending salt-soda soil layout planning soil is the saline moist soil of the plantation fruit type vegetables such as cucumber or tomato.
10. the fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase according to claim 1, which is characterized in that work as institute
When the pending salt-soda soil layout planning plantation stated is cucumber, layout planning is ploughed before field planting, in pending layout planning soil
Earth base fertilising material nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and stalk；Wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 225kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5
It is calculated as 225kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2, stalk dosage 3000kg/hm2；Entire cucumber fertility imposes in season
Fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount are calculated as 300kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 195kg/
hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 450kg/hm2。
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| CN109220143A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of fertilizing method for alleviating soil in protected field secondary salinization |
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Application publication date: 20180601 |