CN108063480B - Autonomous activation and charge-discharge management system and method for terminal nickel-metal hydride battery - Google Patents
Autonomous activation and charge-discharge management system and method for terminal nickel-metal hydride battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN108063480B CN108063480B CN201711457362.3A CN201711457362A CN108063480B CN 108063480 B CN108063480 B CN 108063480B CN 201711457362 A CN201711457362 A CN 201711457362A CN 108063480 B CN108063480 B CN 108063480B
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- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 74
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150064138 MAP1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150088517 TCTA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008531 maintenance mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H02J7/0026—
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- H02J7/0091—
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- H02J2007/0067—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses an autonomous activation and charge-discharge management system and method of a terminal nickel-hydrogen battery, wherein the system comprises a man-machine interaction unit, a main control unit, a nickel-hydrogen battery unit, an uplink communication unit, a functional interface unit and a metering unit, wherein the nickel-hydrogen battery unit is connected with a charging power interface in the functional interface unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit also provides working voltage for the main control unit, the communication unit and the interface unit, the main control unit is connected with a microphone through the uplink communication unit, and the main control unit is also connected with an earphone and a serial communication unit and comprises a charging circuit, an active discharge circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a control management unit. The invention realizes the identification conditions of charge and discharge events, and turns off the charge and discharge of the battery under the condition of unsuitable temperature, and realizes the self-management and automatic activation capability of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery with minimum hardware cost, thereby having novel structure and ingenious conception, ensuring the reliable operation of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery and having good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nickel-hydrogen battery charging, in particular to an autonomous activation and charge-discharge management system and method for a terminal nickel-hydrogen battery.
Background
At present, terminal manufacturers basically only have two means of voltage monitoring and charging for managing nickel-metal hydride batteries. Moreover, the implementation modes of the two means are too simple, the stop condition of charging does not consider the influence factors such as the ambient temperature, the individual difference and the like, the charging voltage is only used as the judging condition, no technical treatment is carried out on the maintenance of the activity of the nickel-hydrogen battery, and the charge and discharge times, the current working state and the residual electric quantity of the nickel-hydrogen battery are not recorded and displayed, so that a customer is reminded of timely and effective replacement.
The current technical management means of the power company is relatively backward, and the purchasing and installing process is also complicated. The centralized purchasing of the power company mainly comprises the following links: before bid-bidding delivery inspection, after bid-bidding delivery inspection, full inspection, storage, installation, debugging and operation. The nickel-metal hydride batteries after leaving the factory are all effectively fully charged, so that standby power can be effectively provided in the links of delivering and checking before bidding, delivering and checking before goods supply and full check of goods arrival. However, the period from storage to installation after arrival detection is long, few weeks are few, and more half a year is a year, and the battery is in a self-discharge state in the period, so that the self-discharge rate of the nickel-hydrogen battery is high, and reaches 20% -30%/month at 20 ℃.
Moreover, as the temperature increases, the activity of the electrode active material increases, and the self-discharge rate increases, severely affecting the battery performance. The characteristic of the nickel-hydrogen battery is further weakened due to the fact that the standby power supply is not in use for a long time after installation, and different natural environments (high temperature, low temperature, high humidity, salt fog and the like) in various areas are alternately changed, and a part of nickel-hydrogen batteries can show various failure states such as low voltage, shell bulge, incapacity of being charged and the like after being applied on site for one to two years or even shorter, so that the nickel-hydrogen batteries have a great gap from the design life of a terminal in ten years. When the power is actually cut, the battery is found to be invalid, and the power cut can not be actively reported.
Currently, as an important rechargeable battery, a method for managing the charging of the nickel-metal hydride battery has been widely studied, and some control chips are available on the market to perform special charging control on the nickel-metal hydride battery. These control chips are mainly managed in terms of charge current, temperature, and conditions for judging battery full charge. However, the application of the nickel-hydrogen battery in the electricity consumption information acquisition terminal of the power consumer is quite different from the conventional consumer electronics or other industrial application conditions, and the direct use of the chip leads to poor realization of partial design thought and great difference from the target expected effect of the effective management of the nickel-hydrogen battery of the terminal. The nickel-metal hydride battery of the terminal has self-application characteristics, which determine that the terminal needs to adopt a special management scheme. The terminal nickel metal hydride battery intelligent management system (Intelligent Battery Management System, IBMS) mainly goes around the aspects of self-management and automatic activation of the terminal battery.
The terminal has two important characteristics in the use process: firstly, the duration of uninterrupted operation is longer when the terminal works on site. Along with the development of national economy, the construction of the power system is gradually perfected, and the power system can be in an uninterrupted state for a long time on the site of terminal work, so that the nickel-hydrogen battery of the terminal can be in a long-time standby state, and even more than one year of standby state can occur. Therefore, the self-discharging condition of the nickel-hydrogen battery is more serious, the battery can be in a passivation state to a certain extent, and if the terminal has a power failure condition in such a state, the residual electric quantity of the nickel-hydrogen battery is difficult to support the working time of 1min or the capability of active communication for 3 times after the power failure of the terminal. And secondly, the difference of the time periods of the terminal stored in the warehouse is too large. Typically, terminals of a lot are not all installed in the field at the same time, and many terminals are used as spare replacement terminals in a warehouse of a power supply company. Long-term warehouse storage results in a higher self-discharge rate or passivation of the terminal nickel-hydrogen battery. The situation that the residual capacity of the battery is insufficient at the time of power failure after the terminal is installed can also be caused, and the reporting of the power failure event is lost. This result also affects the economic benefit and operation efficiency of the utility company, and even sometimes leads to resident complaints and business complaints, affecting the brand reputation of the utility company.
Both of these end use characteristics require that the nickel-metal hydride battery maintain sufficient residual capacity and activity under any use condition.
The existing patent documents related to battery management methods include a "rechargeable battery management method and device" (invention patent CN 201511029471.6), which aims to provide a rechargeable battery management method and device, by acquiring battery parameters of a rechargeable battery of a target vehicle, determining a current working state of the rechargeable battery according to the battery parameters; the working states comprise a normal state, a power failure state and a fault state, and the rechargeable battery is managed based on the working state of the rechargeable battery. In this embodiment, based on the battery parameters of the rechargeable battery, the working state of the rechargeable battery can be determined, so that the user can check the state of the rechargeable battery, and the user is ensured to manage the battery according to the state of the rechargeable battery. The invention mainly focuses on the acquisition of battery state parameters and does not comprise the design of a charging and discharging circuit of a battery.
The prior battery management method patent document has an automatic rechargeable battery management system "
CN 201520985600.8), it is aimed at an automatic rechargeable battery management system, including the power and set up the outer charger of power, through equalizing charge controller electric connection between power and the charger, electric quantity detection module and second control module electric connection, second control module with charger electric connection, power and electric current detection module, temperature detection module and voltage detection module electric connection, electric current detection module, temperature detection module and voltage detection module all with information collection module electric connection, information collection module and display screen electric connection, display screen and first control module electric connection. The detection mode of this patent is various, can prevent that power supply temperature from being too high and exploding, prevents that voltage, electric current from damaging energy storage equipment excessively, through electric quantity detection piece and second control module, can prevent that the battery electricity from consuming up and influencing normal operation, and simultaneously when battery electricity is too low, automatic control charger charges the power. The invention does not relate to the management of autonomous activation of the battery.
The prior battery management method patent document has a battery management system and an equalization method with a parallel equalization function (CN 201710647926.3), and aims to provide a battery management system and an equalization method with a parallel equalization function, wherein the system comprises 24 lithium ion battery packs, six battery monitoring modules based on a single chip microcomputer, a main controller, six single battery gating modules, an active equalization module, a communication module, a charge and discharge protection device and a power supply module. The system realizes the monitoring and control of 24 batteries, has the functions of monitoring the working parameters of single batteries, performing passive equalization, active equalization, parallel equalization, charge-discharge overcurrent protection, communication of an upper computer and the like of a battery pack, and can adjust the magnitude of equalizing current to realize the aim of intelligent equalization. The invention focuses on the balanced management capability of the battery, and does not relate to the management of the autonomous activation of the battery.
How to overcome the defects of the intelligent management system of the terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries is the problem which is continuously solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing terminal nickel-metal hydride battery intelligent management system. The system and the method for managing the autonomous activation, the charge and the discharge of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery comprise a charging circuit, an active discharging circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a control management unit, realize the identification conditions of charging and discharging events, shut off the charge and the discharge of the battery under the condition of unsuitable temperature, realize the self-management and the automatic activation capability of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery with minimum hardware cost, have novel structure and ingenious conception, ensure the reliable operation of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery and have good application prospect.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an autonomous activating and charging-discharging management system of a terminal nickel-hydrogen battery comprises a man-machine interaction unit, a main control unit, a nickel-hydrogen battery unit, an uplink communication unit, a functional interface unit and a metering unit,
the main control unit is respectively connected with the man-machine interaction unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit, the uplink communication unit, the functional interface unit and the metering unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit is connected with a charging power interface in the functional interface unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit also provides working voltage for the main control unit, the communication unit and the interface unit, the main control unit is connected with the microphone through the uplink communication unit, the main control unit is also connected with the earphone and the serial communication unit,
the main control unit comprises a charging circuit, an active discharging circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a control management unit, wherein the charging circuit, the active discharging circuit and the temperature detection circuit are respectively connected with the control management unit, and the control management unit is connected with the man-machine interaction unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit, the uplink communication unit, the functional interface unit and the metering unit.
The automatic activation, charge and discharge management system of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery comprises a man-machine interaction unit, a control unit and a control unit, wherein the man-machine interaction unit comprises a liquid crystal display screen, an LED indicator light and a control key; the functional interface unit also comprises a remote control interface, a remote signaling interface, a pulse interface, a 485 communication interface and a direct current 12V interface; the uplink communication unit comprises a 230MHz radio station communication unit and a GPRS/CDMA communication circuit.
The self-activation and charge-discharge management system of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery has a trickle charge mode and a constant current charge mode, and comprises a 12V direct current power interface J1, a control signal wiring terminal J2, a voltage stabilizing chip U1, a triode T1, a MOS tube Q1 and a nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3,
the 12V DC power interface J1 is externally connected with a 12V DC power supply and is connected with the positive electrode of a diode D1, the 12V DC power interface J1 is also connected with the ground through a capacitor C1, the negative electrode of the diode D1 is connected with the input end of a voltage stabilizing chip U1, the output end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with the drain electrode of a MOS tube Q1, the output end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is also connected with the positive electrode of a nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 through a resistor R1, the ground end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3, the source electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 through a resistor R2, the grid electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with the input end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 through a resistor R3, the control signal connecting terminal J2 is connected with the charging signal output end of a control management unit, the control signal wiring terminal J2 is also respectively connected with one end of a resistor R4, the positive electrode of a charging indicator lamp D2 and one end of a resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the ground, the negative electrode of the charging indicator lamp D2 is connected with the ground through a resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the base electrode of a triode T1, the emitting electrode of the triode T1 is connected with the ground, the collecting electrode of the triode T1 is connected with the grid electrode of a MOS tube Q1, the positive electrode of a nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 is also connected with the ground through a resistor R7 and a resistor R8 in sequence, the two ends of the resistor R8 are connected with a capacitor C2 in parallel, the connecting ends of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8 are nickel-hydrogen battery voltage sampling terminals and are connected with the nickel-hydrogen battery voltage sampling port of a control management unit, the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 is also connected with the negative electrode of a voltage stabilizing diode VD1 through a resistor R9, the two ends of the resistor R9 are connected with a resistor R10 in parallel, the positive electrode of the zener diode VD1 is connected to the ground, and the negative electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 is connected to the ground.
In the foregoing autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for a terminal nickel-metal hydride battery, the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is an LM7805 voltage stabilizing chip.
The automatic activation and charge-discharge management system of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery comprises a triode T2, a MOS tube Q2 and a discharge indication diode D3, wherein a base electrode of the triode T2 is connected with a discharge control signal output end of a control management unit through a resistor R11, an emitter electrode of the triode T2 is connected with the ground, a collector electrode of the triode T2 is connected with a grid electrode of the MOS tube Q2, the collector electrode of the triode T2 is connected with a positive electrode of a nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 through a resistor R12, the positive electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 is further connected with a drain electrode of the MOS tube Q2, a source electrode of the MOS tube Q2 is connected with a positive electrode of the discharge indication diode D3 through a resistor R13, a negative electrode of the discharge indication diode D3 is connected with the ground, and two end parts of the MOS tube Q2 are sequentially connected with a resistor R15, a resistor R16, a resistor R17 and a resistor R19 in parallel.
In the foregoing autonomous activation and charge/discharge management system for a terminal nickel-metal hydride battery, the resistances of the resistor R14, the resistor R15, the resistor R16, the resistor R17, the resistor R18, and the resistor R19 are the same.
The foregoing autonomous activation and charge-discharge management system for a terminal nickel-metal hydride battery, the temperature detection circuit comprises an NTC thermistor RT, the NTC thermistor RT is mounted on the nickel-metal hydride battery, one end of the NTC thermistor RT is connected with 3.3V dc voltage, the other end of the NTC thermistor RT is connected with one end of a resistor R20, one end of a resistor R21, one end of a resistor R22 and one end of a capacitor C3, the other end of the resistor R20, the other end of the resistor R21, the other end of the resistor R22 and the other end of the capacitor C3 are connected with the ground, and the other end of the NTC thermistor RT is used as an output end of the temperature detection circuit and is connected with a temperature sampling port of the control management unit.
The invention relates to an autonomous activation and charge-discharge management method of a terminal nickel-metal hydride battery, which comprises a charge management mode and a discharge management mode,
the charge management mode includes the following procedures,
(A1) A charging start condition, wherein a charging signal output end of the control management unit outputs a charging signal, and the charging signal is determined as charging start;
(A2) A charging end condition, judging as a normal charging end signal if no interruption exists between the charging start bar and the execution of full charge of the battery; if the temperature is out of limit or the charging end signal returned by the battery plugging factor is judged to be an abnormal charging end signal, if the normal charging end signal is met, the abnormal charging end signal is recorded as a complete charging event; otherwise, recording as a charging abnormal event;
the discharge management mode includes the following procedures,
(B1) The discharge condition is confirmed, and a discharge control signal output end of the control management unit outputs a discharge signal, and is identified as the start of discharge;
(B2) The time from the start of discharge to the active discharge is more than 30min, if no interruption influence exists, the normal discharge ending condition is met, and the record is a complete discharge event; if there is an interruption effect during this period, and the discharge ends, a discharge abnormality is recorded.
In the method for autonomously activating and charging and discharging the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery, the temperature is controlled to be between 25 ℃ below zero and 70 ℃ in the running process of the charging management mode, and if not, the charging is stopped; and in the discharge management mode, the temperature is controlled to be between-40 ℃ and 70 ℃ in the operation process, otherwise, the discharge is ended, and the discharge is recorded as a discharge abnormal event.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the system and the method for managing the autonomous activation, the charge and the discharge of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery comprise a charging circuit, an active discharging circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a control management unit, realize the identification conditions of charging and discharging events, shut off the charge and the discharge of the battery under the condition of unsuitable temperature, realize the self-management and the automatic activation capability of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery with minimum hardware cost, have novel structure and ingenious conception, ensure the reliable operation of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery and have good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of an autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for a terminal nickel-metal hydride battery of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a charging circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an active discharge circuit of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the temperature detection circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a state diagram of the charge management mode of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the terminal nickel-hydrogen battery autonomous activation and charge-discharge management system of the invention comprises a man-machine interaction unit, a main control unit, a nickel-hydrogen battery unit, an uplink communication unit, a functional interface unit and a metering unit,
the main control unit is respectively connected with the man-machine interaction unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit, the uplink communication unit, the functional interface unit and the metering unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit is connected with a charging power interface in the functional interface unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit also provides working voltage for the main control unit, the communication unit and the interface unit, the main control unit is connected with the microphone through the uplink communication unit, the main control unit is also connected with the earphone and the serial communication unit,
the main control unit comprises a charging circuit, an active discharging circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a control management unit, wherein the charging circuit, the active discharging circuit and the temperature detection circuit are respectively connected with the control management unit, and the control management unit is connected with the man-machine interaction unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit, the uplink communication unit, the functional interface unit and the metering unit.
Preferably, the man-machine interaction unit provides a man-machine interaction interface, and comprises a liquid crystal display screen, an LED indicator light and a control key; the functional interface unit also comprises a remote control interface, a remote signaling interface, a pulse interface, a 485 communication interface and a direct current 12V interface; the uplink communication unit comprises a 230MHz radio station communication unit and a GPRS/CDMA communication circuit.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the charging circuit has a trickle charging mode and a constant current charging mode, and comprises a 12V direct current power interface J1, a control signal wiring terminal J2, a voltage stabilizing chip U1, a triode T1, a MOS transistor Q1 and a nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3,
the 12V DC power interface J1 is externally connected with a 12V DC power supply and is connected with the positive electrode of a diode D1, the 12V DC power interface J1 is also connected with the ground through a capacitor C1, the negative electrode of the diode D1 is connected with the input end of a voltage stabilizing chip U1, the output end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with the drain electrode of a MOS tube Q1, the output end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is also connected with the positive electrode of a nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 through a resistor R1, the ground end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3, the source electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 through a resistor R2, the grid electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with the input end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 through a resistor R3, the control signal connecting terminal J2 is connected with the charging signal output end of a control management unit, the control signal wiring terminal J2 is also respectively connected with one end of a resistor R4, the positive electrode of a charging indicator lamp D2 and one end of a resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the ground, the negative electrode of the charging indicator lamp D2 is connected with the ground through a resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the base electrode of a triode T1, the emitting electrode of the triode T1 is connected with the ground, the collecting electrode of the triode T1 is connected with the grid electrode of a MOS tube Q1, the positive electrode of a nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 is also connected with the ground through a resistor R7 and a resistor R8 in sequence, the two ends of the resistor R8 are connected with a capacitor C2 in parallel, the connecting ends of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8 are nickel-hydrogen battery voltage sampling terminals and are connected with the nickel-hydrogen battery voltage sampling port of a control management unit, the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 is also connected with the negative electrode of a voltage stabilizing diode VD1 through a resistor R9, the two ends of the resistor R9 are connected with a resistor R10 in parallel, the positive pole of zener diode VD1 is connected with ground, nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3's negative pole is connected with ground, steady voltage chip U1 is the steady voltage chip of LM7805, can provide stable 5V voltage.
The working principle of the charging circuit is as follows: the control signal wiring terminal J2 is output by the IO terminal of the control management unit after level conversion and isolation, the starting of a constant current charging mode is controlled, the high level is effective, the charging power supply of the nickel-metal hydride battery is from a 12V direct current power supply interface J1 and is a direct current 12V voltage source, the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 is a charging socket of the nickel-metal hydride battery, when the control signal wiring terminal J2 outputs low level, the charging indicator lamp D2 is in an off state, the triode T1 is in an off state, the MOS tube Q1 is cut off, the 12V direct current power supply is connected to the positive electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery through the voltage stabilizing chip U1, and therefore, 5V constant voltage can be ensured between the output pin of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 and the positive electrode of the battery, 8mA charging current is provided for the battery, and the ' leakage ' current ' existing between the input end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 and the grounding pin of the battery is 9.3mA, and the actual trickle charging current is ensured; when the output of the control signal wiring terminal J2 is at a high level, the charging indicator lamp D2 is in a lighting state, the triode T1 is in a saturated conduction state, the grid electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is pulled down, a 12V direct current power supply generates 41.7mA current (neglecting the pressure difference between the drain electrode and the source electrode of the MOS tube Q1) through the voltage stabilizing chip U1, and the trickle charging current form 51mA charging current, and the trickle charging current Ichargin1 and the constant current charging Ichargin 2 current calculation formulas are respectively as follows:
wherein Vout is the output voltage of the voltage stabilizing chip U1, here 5V, I Q The static current of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is 3-5mA, which is not negligible and is converted into the charging current.
In practice, the input end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is 12V minus 0.2V (in the non-charging state) of the voltage drop to the ground, and minus about 1.25V of the voltage difference of the constant current source formed by the voltage stabilizing chip U1. Therefore, the open circuit voltage at the final cell end is about 10.5V, which is a measured value, and there is no output loop. Since other circuits of the terminal may be connected to the battery port and there is a requirement for an upper voltage limit. For example, the absolute upper limit of the input voltage of the LDO of the infrared circuit adopted at present is about 12V, and the open-circuit voltage can be limited for safety.
The resistor R9, the resistor R10 and the zener diode VD1 form an open circuit voltage limiting circuit, so that possible damage caused by too high voltage of the part of the system, which is connected to the battery, of other circuits of the system when the terminal is not plugged with the battery is prevented. The open circuit voltage of the battery socket end is adjusted to be between 6.0V and 10V by adjusting the voltage stabilizing value of the voltage stabilizing diode VD 1. The resistor R9 and the resistor R10 and the zener diode VD1 consume a current of not higher than 2mA when the battery is not inserted. When the battery is normally inserted, the partial voltage limiting circuit does not work, and no energy loss exists.
According to IEC standard and performance maintenance opinion of nickel-hydrogen battery manufacturers in China, trickle charging current is selected to be 0.01-0.03C, and taking 450mAh capacity as an example, trickle charging current is actually designed to be 9.3mA (0.02C). The constant current charging current is generally 0.1C, and the actual charging current is 51mA (about 0.11C) in consideration of the fact that the current limiting resistor in the circuit is selected without adopting a resistor with a non-standard resistance value. In the case of a 700mAh capacity nickel-metal hydride battery, R428 and R432 may be changed to 510 Ω and 80 Ω, respectively, with corresponding charging currents of 14mA and 67mA, respectively. The power of the two resistors is selected to be ensured according to the passing current.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the active discharging circuit includes a triode T2, a MOS transistor Q2 and a discharging indication diode D3, a base electrode of the triode T2 is connected with a discharging control signal output end of the control management unit through a resistor R11, an emitter electrode of the triode T2 is connected with ground, a collector electrode of the triode T2 is connected with a gate electrode of the MOS transistor Q2, a collector electrode of the triode T2 is connected with a positive electrode of a nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 through a resistor R12, the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 is further connected with a drain electrode of the MOS transistor Q2, a source electrode of the MOS transistor Q2 is connected with a positive electrode of the discharging indication diode D3 through a resistor R13, a negative electrode of the discharging indication diode D3 is further connected with ground through a resistor R14, and two end parts of the resistor R14 are sequentially connected in parallel with a resistor R15, a resistor R16, a resistor R17, a resistor R18 and a resistor R19, and the resistor R14, the resistor R16, and the resistor R17 and the resistor R18 are the same in value.
The active discharge circuit works according to the following principle,
when the discharge control signal output end of the control management unit is at a high level, the triode T2 is in a saturated conduction state, the grid electrode of the MOS tube Q2 is pulled down, the positive electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 discharges through a discharge resistor and lights the discharge indicator lamp D3, the discharge circuit is 6 parallel resistors with the maximum discharge power of 3W in total, the maximum power of a single resistor is less than 0.15W during normal discharge, the design power redundancy is higher, the obvious heating condition of the discharge resistor can not occur during normal discharge, and the internal temperature of the nickel-metal hydride battery can be reduced.
According to the relevant IEC standard and the performance maintenance opinion of nickel-hydrogen battery manufacturers in China, the discharge current takes the standard discharge current of 0.2C, the actual discharge current is 113mA (0.25C), and the discharge circuit is an important component of a performance maintenance mechanism of the nickel-hydrogen battery and forms a maintenance charging and discharging activation system of the terminal nickel-hydrogen battery together with the charging circuit. A slightly larger discharge current is advantageous for activation of battery characteristics when charge and discharge are repeated in combination with a charge current.
As shown in fig. 4, the temperature detection circuit includes an NTC thermistor RT, where the NTC thermistor is mounted on a nickel-metal hydride battery, one end of the NTC thermistor RT is connected to a 3.3V dc voltage, the other end of the NTC thermistor RT is connected to one end of a resistor R20, one end of a resistor R21, one end of a resistor R22, and one end of a capacitor C3, the other end of the resistor R20, the other end of the resistor R21, the other end of the resistor R22, and the other end of the capacitor C3 are connected to ground, and the other end of the NTC thermistor RT is used as an output end of the temperature detection circuit and connected to a temperature sampling port of the control management unit.
The NTC thermistor is a semiconductor ceramic component formed by using transition metal oxide as main raw material and adopting high-temperature sintering process, and has very large negative temperature coefficient, and its resistance value can be changed with ambient temperature or self-heating produced by means of current, i.e. under a certain measurement power, the resistance value can be quickly reduced with temp. rise. By utilizing the characteristic, the NTC thermistor can determine the corresponding temperature by measuring the resistance value of the NTC thermistor, so that the purposes of detecting and controlling the temperature are achieved.
For the temperature resistance curve, the resistance of the divider resistor is referenced by taking the value of normal temperature plus terminal internal temperature rise (the terminal tightness is good, the whole structure is designed according to IP54 standard, and 15 ℃ is selected as a typical value by combining years of practical test results), namely, the resistance at the temperature of 25 ℃ +15 ℃ =40 ℃ is referenced. The temperature resistance value is 5.834kΩ obtained by table lookup, the approach value is the resistance value of the voltage dividing resistor, and the resistance value of 6kΩ (3 resistors with 18kΩ and 1% resistor in parallel to improve the precision) is selected to participate in the calculation of the voltage dividing voltage.
Different voltage dividing resistance values are obtained along with different temperatures, so as to influence the sampling voltage, the relation mapping table of the sampled temperature and the sampled voltage is shown in table 1,
table 1 may be used as a mapping table to participate in the processing of the sampled voltages by the software and to convert to corresponding temperatures. The temperature values of all integers listed in table 1 are also between the corresponding values (Vn, vn+1) for the sampled temperature tcta between the two sampled temperature values (Tn, tn+1). Since the temperature and the voltage sampling value are basically in a linear relation between adjacent degrees celsius, the temperature accuracy is only required to be 1 ℃ in consideration of the fact that the temperature sampling value does not need to be particularly accurate, and therefore the voltage of the nearest temperature resistance point can be equivalent to the voltage value of the sampling point to judge the temperature. The actual temperature can be determined from the sampled voltage by combining the map 1 with equation (4) whenever the temperature is calculated from the sampled voltage. The detailed description is shown in formula (4). Actual field ambient temperature t=tζ -15 ℃.
That is, when the temperature sampling equivalent temperature tζ approaches Tn, tζ=tn is taken; when the temperature sampling equivalent temperature Tζ is close to Tn+1, taking Tζ=Tn+1; when the voltage of the temperature sample is equal to (vn+vn+1)/2, tζ= (tn+tn+1)/2 is taken.
The invention relates to an autonomous activation and charge-discharge management method of a terminal nickel-metal hydride battery, which comprises a charge management mode and a discharge management mode,
the charge management mode includes the following procedures,
(A1) A charging start condition, wherein a charging signal output end of the control management unit outputs a charging signal, and the charging signal is determined as charging start;
(A2) A charging end condition, judging as a normal charging end signal if no interruption exists between the charging start bar and the execution of full charge of the battery; if the temperature is out of limit or the charging end signal returned by the battery plugging factor is judged to be an abnormal charging end signal, if the normal charging end signal is met, the abnormal charging end signal is recorded as a complete charging event; otherwise, recording as a charging abnormal event;
the discharge management mode includes the following procedures,
(B1) The discharge condition is confirmed, and a discharge control signal output end of the control management unit outputs a discharge signal, and is identified as the start of discharge;
(B2) The time from the start of discharge to the active discharge is more than 30min, if no interruption influence exists, the normal discharge ending condition is met, and the record is a complete discharge event; if there is an interruption effect during this period, and the discharge ends, a discharge abnormality is recorded.
The reliable operation of the standby nickel-hydrogen battery of the terminal is the main guarantee that the terminal power-off event is successfully reported, and any factors related to the reliability of the nickel-hydrogen battery are the attention content of the charge and discharge management system. The management scheme is designed around various factors affecting the performance of the nickel-metal hydride battery, so that the service life of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery is maximized. For nickel-hydrogen batteries, improper charging or overcharging is one of the main factors that the battery enters into serious damage and cannot be recovered for use, and the condition that one or more of 4 batteries in series connection are short-circuited in positive and negative electrodes is easily caused. At present, the 450mAh rechargeable battery returned by the terminal on site basically has the condition that the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a certain battery are short-circuited or close to the short-circuited as long as the voltage is lower than 3.0V. The temperature and the battery placement time are also main factors influencing the reliability of the battery, so that the temperature is controlled between-25 ℃ and 70 ℃ in the running process of the charging management mode, otherwise, the charging is stopped; in the discharge management mode, the temperature is controlled between-40 ℃ and 70 ℃ in the operation process, otherwise, the discharge is ended, and the abnormal discharge event is recorded.
In summary, the system and the method for managing the autonomous activation, the charge and the discharge of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery comprise a charging circuit, an active discharging circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a control management unit, so that the identification conditions of charge and discharge events are realized, the charge and the discharge of the battery are turned off under the condition of unsuitable temperature, the self-management and the automatic activation of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery are realized with minimum hardware cost, the structure is novel, the conception is ingenious, the reliable operation of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery is ensured, and the application prospect is good.
The foregoing has outlined and described the basic principles, features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. An autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system of a terminal nickel-metal hydride battery is characterized in that: comprises a man-machine interaction unit, a main control unit, a nickel-hydrogen battery unit, an uplink communication unit, a functional interface unit and a metering unit,
the main control unit is respectively connected with the man-machine interaction unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit, the uplink communication unit, the functional interface unit and the metering unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit is connected with a charging power interface in the functional interface unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit also provides working voltage for the main control unit, the communication unit and the interface unit, the main control unit is connected with the microphone through the uplink communication unit, the main control unit is also connected with the earphone and the serial communication unit,
the main control unit comprises a charging circuit, an active discharging circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a control management unit, wherein the charging circuit, the active discharging circuit and the temperature detection circuit are respectively connected with the control management unit, and the control management unit is connected with the man-machine interaction unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit, the uplink communication unit, the functional interface unit and the metering unit;
the charge management mode, including the following processes,
(A1) A charging start condition, wherein a charging signal output end of the control management unit outputs a charging signal, and the charging signal is determined as charging start;
(A2) A charging end condition, judging as a normal charging end signal if there is no interruption between the start of charging and the execution of full charge of the battery; if the temperature is out of limit or the charging end signal returned by the battery plugging factor is judged to be an abnormal charging end signal, if the normal charging end signal is met, the abnormal charging end signal is recorded as a complete charging event; otherwise, recording as a charging abnormal event;
the discharge management mode, including the following processes,
(B1) The discharge condition is confirmed, and a discharge control signal output end of the control management unit outputs a discharge signal, and is identified as the start of discharge;
(B2) The time from the start of discharge to the active discharge is more than 30min, if no interruption influence exists, the normal discharge ending condition is met, and the record is a complete discharge event; if there is an interruption effect in the period and the discharge is ended, recording as a discharge abnormal event;
the charging circuit is provided with a trickle charging mode and a constant current charging mode, and comprises a 12V direct current power supply interface J1, a control signal wiring terminal J2, a voltage stabilizing chip U1, a triode T1, a MOS tube Q1 and a nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3,
the 12V DC power interface J1 is externally connected with a 12V DC power supply and is connected with the positive electrode of a diode D1, the 12V DC power interface J1 is also connected with the ground through a capacitor C1, the negative electrode of the diode D1 is connected with the input end of a voltage stabilizing chip U1, the output end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with the drain electrode of a MOS tube Q1, the output end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is also connected with the positive electrode of a nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 through a resistor R1, the ground end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3, the source electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 through a resistor R2, the grid electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with the input end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 through a resistor R3, the control signal connecting terminal J2 is connected with the charging signal output end of a control management unit, the control signal wiring terminal J2 is also respectively connected with one end of a resistor R4, the positive electrode of a charging indicator lamp D2 and one end of a resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the ground, the negative electrode of the charging indicator lamp D2 is connected with the ground through a resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the base electrode of a triode T1, the emitting electrode of the triode T1 is connected with the ground, the collecting electrode of the triode T1 is connected with the grid electrode of a MOS tube Q1, the positive electrode of a nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 is also connected with the ground through a resistor R7 and a resistor R8 in sequence, the two ends of the resistor R8 are connected with a capacitor C2 in parallel, the connecting ends of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8 are nickel-hydrogen battery voltage sampling terminals and are connected with the nickel-hydrogen battery voltage sampling port of a control management unit, the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 is also connected with the negative electrode of a voltage stabilizing diode VD1 through a resistor R9, the two ends of the resistor R9 are connected with a resistor R10 in parallel, the positive electrode of the zener diode VD1 is connected to the ground, and the negative electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 is connected to the ground.
2. The autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for a terminal nickel-metal hydride battery of claim 1, wherein: the man-machine interaction unit comprises a liquid crystal display screen, an LED indicator light and control keys; the functional interface unit also comprises a remote control interface, a remote signaling interface, a pulse interface, a 485 communication interface and a direct current 12V interface; the uplink communication unit comprises a 230MHz radio station communication unit and a GPRS/CDMA communication circuit.
3. The autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for a terminal nickel-metal hydride battery of claim 1, wherein: and the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is an LM7805 voltage stabilizing chip.
4. The autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for a terminal nickel-metal hydride battery of claim 1, wherein: the active discharging circuit comprises a triode T2, a MOS tube Q2 and a discharging indicating diode D3, wherein the base electrode of the triode T2 is connected with a discharging control signal output end of a control management unit through a resistor R11, the emitting electrode of the triode T2 is connected with the ground, the collecting electrode of the triode T2 is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube Q2, the collecting electrode of the triode T2 is connected with the positive electrode of a nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 through a resistor R12, the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 is also connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q2, the source electrode of the MOS tube Q2 is connected with the positive electrode of the discharging indicating diode D3 through a resistor R13, the source electrode of the MOS tube Q2 is also connected with the ground through a resistor R14, and two end parts of the resistor R14 are sequentially connected with a resistor R15, a resistor R16, a resistor R17, a resistor R18 and a resistor R19 in parallel.
5. The autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for a terminal nickel-metal hydride battery of claim 4, wherein: the resistances of the resistor R14, the resistor R15, the resistor R16, the resistor R17, the resistor R18 and the resistor R19 are the same.
6. The autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for a terminal nickel-metal hydride battery of claim 1, wherein: the temperature detection circuit comprises an NTC thermistor RT, the NTC thermistor is arranged on a nickel-metal hydride battery, one end of the NTC thermistor RT is connected with 3.3V direct current voltage, the other end of the NTC thermistor RT is respectively connected with one end of a resistor R20, one end of a resistor R21, one end of a resistor R22 and one end of a capacitor C3, the other end of the resistor R20, the other end of the resistor R21, the other end of the resistor R22 and the other end of the capacitor C3 are connected with the ground, and the other end of the NTC thermistor RT is used as an output end of the temperature detection circuit to be connected with a temperature sampling port of a control management unit.
7. The autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for a terminal nickel-metal hydride battery of claim 1, wherein: in the running process of the charging management mode, the temperature is controlled to be between 25 ℃ below zero and 70 ℃, otherwise, the charging is stopped; and in the discharge management mode, the temperature is controlled to be between-40 ℃ and 70 ℃ in the operation process, otherwise, the discharge is ended, and the discharge is recorded as a discharge abnormal event.
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| CN112865229A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-05-28 | 厦门亿联网络技术股份有限公司 | Charging protection circuit and wireless earphone |
| CN115642328B (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-03-17 | 深圳先进储能材料国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Nickel-hydrogen charge-discharge upper and lower limit voltage control method and system in mixed storage |
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