CN102638085A - Intelligent storage battery charging and management device for electric vehicles - Google Patents
Intelligent storage battery charging and management device for electric vehicles Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to electric vehicle charger technique and storage battery management technique, in particular to an intelligent storage battery charging and management device for electric vehicles, which comprises a charger control center, wherein the charger control center consists of a DSP (digital signal processor) chip and the peripheries thereof and is used for controlling, displaying, storing and communication transmitting of relevant information of a digital power source in a charger. According to the intelligent storage battery management technique, a special storage battery management detecting chip is used for detecting parameters of each single storage battery and transmitting to the control center through a CAN (controller area network) bus, and the DSP sends out corresponding orders to the digital power source for corresponding adjustment according to received information and transmits the parameters of each single storage battery to a display unit for displaying. An intelligent storage battery management unit can be connected with an electric vehicle in operation through a vehicular CAN bus, so that a driver can timely monitor operation conditions of each storage battery through a dashboard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the digital charge technology, relate in particular to by storage battery the pure electric automobile (PEV) of the energy and the charger of the employed accumulators group charging of plug-in hybrid-power automobile (PHEV) are provided.
Background technology
Because the pressure of factors such as energy structure in China, energy-saving and emission-reduction and industrial repositioning; Ev industry is greatly developed in Chinese Government's decision, and " the energy-conservation and new-energy automobile industry development ruleization " that are about to issue require to reach 5,000,000 in the year two thousand twenty new-energy automobile recoverable amount." planning " is the programmatic document of Future in China new-energy automobile industry development in 10 years.Hanker after fighting for the government investment and local investment of new-energy automobile project, become the focus that everybody pays close attention to, state revenue planning is arranged 1,000 hundred million yuan and is used to support that new forms of energy industry, alliance of central enterprise also raise funds 1,000 hundred million yuan to be used to develop the new forms of energy industry.Ev industry will become the most conspicuous new industry in future.The charging electric vehicle machine is as the indispensable auxiliary facility of electric automobile, and also taking advantage of a situation becomes the vast novel industry of future.
The charging electric vehicle machine is the power inverter of using during to battery charge that specific function is arranged, and is a kind of equipment that aims at the Vehicular battery charging of electric automobile.The charging electric vehicle machine can be divided into dc charging motor and AC charging machine.The charging electric vehicle machine can be a kind of charging in following three types of power accumulators at least: lithium-ions battery, lead acid accumulator, nickel-hydrogen accumulator.
Market survey shows the charge efficiency and power factor of charging electric vehicle machine: the output voltage that exchanges input isolated form AC-DC charger is 50%～100% of a rated voltage; And when output current is rated current; Power factor should be greater than 0.85, and efficient should be more than or equal to 90%.At present; Charging modes based on the batteries terminal voltage is the common method of power battery charging device; Its advantage is to control simply, be easy to realize; But it is undesirable that this charging method is followed the performance of battery behavior curve, and can cause that the part cell seriously overcharges in the battery pack, thus the useful life of having reduced battery.To above problem,, the present invention proposes according to battery SOC (State Of Charge; Battery charge state) estimated value is carried out the charging strategy of multisection type charging; Improve charger and follow the performance of battery behavior curve, adopt the electric energy feedback type equalization methods to realize the equalizing charge between each cell simultaneously, avoided cell to overcharge phenomenon; Under the prerequisite of guaranteeing the battery charge life-span; The control charger charges to battery according to the battery behavior curve, realizes the quick and equalizing charge to electrokinetic cell, and this is the desirable approach that realizes the electrokinetic cell quick charge.
The present invention simultaneously adopts the constant voltage constant current charging pattern, accomplishes whole charging process automatically.Make whole charging process more press close to the battery primary characteristic, the storage battery of avoiding adopting the former charging modes of automobile to cause such as owes to fill, overcharge at problem, effectively prolongs storage battery useful life.Charger of the present invention need not artificial on duty when working, the ultra-long time charging, and nothing overcharges danger.
Summary of the invention
The present invention utilizes phase-shifting full-bridge ZVS (ZVT) converter circuit to design the main circuit of charger, has adopted the phase-shift PWM controlled pattern, is the control circuit that core design goes out whole system with DSP digital processing unit TMS320F2812 chip.Through the non-linear characteristics of analyzing SOC and the correlative factor that influences battery SOC; Real-time and precision equal angles from estimation; Existing SOC evaluation method is compared, adopt the ampere-hour measurement Law to combine Kalman filtering method to realize the SOC estimation, and carried out the design of SOC algorithm for estimating.On this basis, adopt pid algorithm that charger output current and output voltage are regulated to the control that realizes multisection type charging curve and equalizing charge according to the SOC estimated value.The state-of-charge SOC of battery is used to reflect the residual capacity situation of battery, and this is at present domestic and international more unified understanding, and its numerical value is defined as the ratio that battery remaining power accounts for battery total capacity, i.e. SOC=Q
C/ C
I
Charger to as if batteries, batteries is made up of the connection in series-parallel of more piece cell.The aging speed of these batteries differs, and from a plurality of batches, and temperature is different, has certain discrete type between the monomer of storage battery.These factors mean that they have different capacity, and the identical battery of the quantity of electric charge might have different charge level.For this reason, the battery monitoring system of charger pays close attention to cell voltage.Must measure the voltage of every batteries exactly, adopt electric current and temperature survey to adjust reading (to ESR and volume change) then.For preventing in the charge and discharge process because the influence of the battery terminal voltage that individual difference causes just needs the terminal voltage parameter of each cell of detection in good time.
In that we have selected the LTC6802 chip of Linear Techn Inc. (Linear Technology Corporation) for use aspect the battery management monitoring; It is that a complete, highly integrated multiple batteries is kept watch on IC LTC6802, and energy measurement is 12 independent batteries nearly.The proprietary design of this device makes it possible to be together in series a plurality of LTC6802 (need not to use optical coupler or optical isolator), to realize the accurate monitoring voltage of every batteries in the long string serial connection battery.Long battery strings can realize high power and rechargeable application, for example: electric automobile, hybrid vehicle, scooter, motorcycle, golf cart, wheelchair, canoe, fork lifter, robot, portable medical device and uninterrupted power supply (ups) Unity system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 intelligent accummulator charging digital charge device block diagram.
Fig. 2 charger electric power main circuit.
Fig. 3 master's power circuit.
Fig. 4 half-bridge drive circuit.
Fig. 5 LTC6802 chip block diagram.
Fig. 6 has the serial module block diagram of CAN gateway.
Fig. 7 TMS320F2812 connects sketch map with CAN transceiver PCA82C251.
Fig. 8 system initialization routine flow chart.
Fig. 9 CAN module initialization flow process.
Figure 10 eCAN interrupt service subroutineization.
Figure 11 main program flow chart.
Figure 12 system charging subroutine flow chart.
Figure 13 system constant voltage, constant current subroutine flow chart.
Figure 14 TMS320F2812DSPPWM output channel.
Specific embodiments
Visiblely in Figure of description one comprise that digital charge machine input ac power arrives to pour in through electromagnetic interface filter and pour in relay after relay is charged to certain value to electric capacity and close and close; AC power gets into the high pressure full-bridge rectification and becomes and be Rectified alternating current; Rectified alternating current rises to the 400V stable DC with voltage after getting into PFC Active PFC unit; Get into hv filtering and flow through current sensor then to the high-frequency ac conversion; Convert 400V stable DC electricity into the 400V high-frequency alternating current and get into high frequency transformer, high frequency transformer converts the high voltagehigh frequency alternating current into and gets into low-voltage filter, the output low-voltage DC after getting into lower pressure rectifier behind the low pressure high-frequency alternating current.Judge battery polar by battery status earlier behind the battery connecting system, the correct relay of battery polar closes make and break beginning entering DC charging process.LCDs shows current parameters such as electric current and voltage, and fan provides system radiating, reaches when temperature is set monitoring the power supply housing temperature, and fan will start voluntarily.Power supply housing temperature, battery temperature will show on LCDs.
Electric power main circuit is as shown in Figure 1, and it is made up of power filter, rectification, semi-bridge inversion, full-wave rectifier filter etc.During charging; 220 V single-phase alternating currents are given the half-bridge of QA, QB, C 2, C 3 compositions behind EMI filter filtering, square bridge rectifying and wave-filtering; Isolate through high frequency transformer, by converting direct current to after D1, D2 diode (led) module, filter inductance T1, capacitor C 4 rectifications.CT1 is the current detecting point.
On Fig. 2 master's power circuit, be provided with 1 current detecting point IT1 and 3 voltage detecting point US1, US2, US3, adopt
CHB-25NPThe model Hall current sensor with
CHV-25PModel Hall voltage transducer detects electric current and voltage.Take all factors into consideration the influence of switching frequency to power volume, current waveform quality and switching loss, the metal-oxide-semiconductor switching frequency is chosen to be 40 kHz.For suppress overvoltage, reduce switching loss, deboost climbing speed and eliminate electromagnetic interference, parallel connection RC buffer circuit at the metal-oxide-semiconductor two ends.In the buffer circuit, R2 is more little for buffer resistance, and capacitor C 5 is big more, and then the effect of buffer circuit is obvious more, but wants factors such as consideration of power loss simultaneously.Choose in the circuit about a plurality of 270 Ω/buffer capacitor about the parallel connection of 10 W resistance and 10 nF.Because the spike that the leakage inductance of transformer and the reverse recovery current of output diode cause all can produce electromagnetic interference in various degree, Design of High Frequency Transformer is that comparison is crucial in Switching Power Supply.For suppressing transformer bias, improve the ability of transformer anti-unbalance, sealed in a CBB electric capacity on the former limit of transformer.We are through control MOSFET power tube QC, QD, and the duty ratio of PWM drive signal, and the conducting and the shutoff of K1, K2 power relay change circuit topological structure and realize discharging and recharging.
Topological structure according to main power circuit MOS pipe place circuit uses task manager EVA/EVB to produce 4 road PWM drive waveforms in TMS320F2812.2 road PWM ripples that wherein produced by general purpose timer GP1 and GP2 are used to drive half-bridge MOS pipe QA, QB up and down, and 2 road PWM ripples that produced by general purpose timer GP3 and GP4 are used to drive half-bridge MOS pipe MOS pipe QC, QD up and down.Half-bridge drive circuit is as shown in Figure 3, and the MOS pipe driving chip is selected the IR2113 of IR company.On control board, disturb threat in order to isolate strong and weak electricity, protection chip components and parts, input/output signal all need pass through isolation.Buffer circuit adopts the high speed photo coupling HCPL-2601 of Avago company.TMS320F2812DSPPWM sees Figure 14.
Its built-in 12 ADC of the LTC6802 chip of Linear Techn Inc., an accurate voltage reference, a high voltage input multiplexer and a serial line interface.Each LTC6802 can measure the voltages of 12 serial connection batteries at total input voltage under up to the situation of 60V.Voltage measurement on all 12 input channels can both be accomplished within the time of 13ms.Can be together in series a plurality of LTC6802 devices, to keep watch on the voltage of every batteries in the serial connection battery.Each LTC6802 has a separately addressable serial line interface, thereby allows to be connected to a processor controls and running simultaneously reaching 16 LTC6802 devices.In order to reduce power to greatest extent, LTC6802 provides a kind of measurement pattern, is intended to keep watch on the overvoltage and the undervoltage condition of every batteries.In addition, this device also provides a kind of standby mode, to be decreased to source current 50 μ A.
Each battery input all has a MOSFET switch that is associated, and is used for any battery that overcharges is discharged.LTC6802 provides a serial line interface, thereby can carry out daisy chained connection to the serial port of a plurality of LTC6802 devices, and need not to use optical coupler or optical isolator.Each LTC6802 communicates through a 1MHz serial line interface, and comprises temperature sensor input, GPIO line (general I/O) and one voltage reference accurately.LTC6802 chip block diagram is as shown in Figure 4, and we can see the internal structure of LTC6802 chip and the sketch map of external connection battery in Fig. 4, and a slice LTC6802 chip can external 12 cells, and its data are through the high low level output of serial line interface.
Serial module communication system composition proposal with CAN gateway.The LPC11C22 chip that the CAN bus control unit adopts grace intelligence Pu semiconductor to release is 32 minimum MCU solutions of price on the market, and its value and ease for use are more even better than existing 8/16 8-digit microcontrollers.Integrated high-speed CAN transceiver, CAN controller in the LPC11C22 chip, when carrying out the CAN bus communication, transfer of data is more flexible, and reliability is higher, function is more complete.Its complete compatible CAN2.0B agreement can be used above-mentioned agreement and other controller serial communications in noisy environment, the LPC11C22 chip also provides the general and reliable serial communication interface, and the serial module with CAN gateway is seen Fig. 5.Can see that in Fig. 5 a slice LTC6802 chip can external 12 cells, the LTC6802 chip cascade is counted maximum can reach 16, promptly can detect 16x12=192 cell.The lithium-ions battery monomer voltage is 3.6V; The lithium iron phosphate storage battery monomer voltage is 3.3V; It is 110-250V voltage that domestic electric automobile uses maximum, is fully no problem with LTC6802 as the detection of cell, and the quantity of module can use the quantity of battery to increase and decrease according to vehicle.All be installed on the inner circuit board of batteries except each LTC6802 in the present invention in the module of forming by 12 batteries; These 16 modules are through the compatible serial interface communication of the non-isolation of LTC6802 SPI; Battery module between connect 3 or 4 conducting cable; Send the storage battery relevant information to LPC11C22 through conducting cable; The CAN bus of considering electric automobile itself simultaneously can be compatible therewith; In the vehicle ' process, also can monitor the correlation behavior of storage battery at any time,, in Fig. 6, can clearly find out so adopt LPC11C22 chip and electric current isolating transformer here to form complete battery charge and vehicle ' battery status surveillance.
The TMS320F2812DSP peripheral hardware interrupts in the expansion module (PIE), the multiplexing several interruption input signals of a plurality of interrupt sources, and PIE can support 96 interruptions at most, is one group with 8 interruptions, has 12 groups of interruptions.Peripheral hardware interrupts the initialization of expansion module (PIE) by forbidding and removing all interruptions, initialization PIE control register and initialization interrupt vector table three parts and form.Elder generation's initialization PIE control register and PIE interrupt vector table during the configure interrupt module.The PIE vector table is being deposited the address of each interrupt service routine in the system, and each interrupts all having the interrupt vector of oneself, and the initialization interrupt vector table is to locate interrupt vector.The entry address of break in service is set then, according to defined address in the interrupt vector table, corresponding interrupt vector point to the subprogram that will carry out.3 32 bit CPU timers are arranged among the TMS32OF2812, and wherein timer 1 keeps for real time operating system to use with timer 2, and the user can use timer 0 in application program.The timer module initialization here only need be carried out initialization to Dingzhou device 0, and the value of the predetermined scalar register file of timer phase register and timer promptly is set.Program flow diagram is seen Fig. 7.
The CAN module must be carried out initialization before using, and only could initialization under the CAN pattern.Initialization eCAN module comprises: configuration pin, clear flag position, configuration bit time sequence parameter and put mailbox.CAN module initialization flow process is seen Fig. 8.
The CAN bus interrupts receiving the reception that service subprogram is accomplished data, and makes corresponding processing according to the data that receive.The data that receive promptly represent charger startup, stop, charging voltage size, each cell batteries terminal voltage data, battery temp, charger temperature etc. control display message.Write 1 to the reception message registers of respective mailbox and can remove the flag bit that causes interruption.It is as shown in Figure 9 that the CAN bus interrupts receiving the service subprogram flow chart.When the CAN module detects the data that need reception, produce interrupt signal and interrupt the real-time that this has just guaranteed to receive data, for the real-time control that has guaranteed charger provides condition to the CPU application.
Dsp software partly adopts the C language; Software is made up of system's main program, charging subprogram, discharge subprogram, constant voltage subprogram, constant current subprogram, communicator program, warning subprogram etc., functions such as the main sampling that realizes discharging and recharging control, voltage and electric current, driving, protection, CAN Control on Communication.And signal procedure is mainly realized the exchange of information between the CAN bus.Main program flow chart is seen Figure 10, and system's charging subroutine flow chart is seen Figure 11, and system's constant voltage, constant current subroutine flow chart are seen Figure 12.
Claims (5)
1. accumulator of electric car intelligent charge and battery management device comprise digital power power module, DSP digitial controller module, battery management control module and CAN bus, it is characterized in that:
Dsp processor control module ⑴ receive from keyboard unit ⑿, temperature collecting cell 4., the information of current/voltage collecting unit ⑹, dsp controller through output information after the calculation process to overvoltage under-voltage protection unit ⑵; Output overloading protection information is to overload protected location ⑶; Output alarm information is to alarm unit ⒀; The output display message is to display unit ⑾; Output PWM information is to output driver element ⑸; Dsp controller is read and write useful information through memory cell ⒂, and the accessory power supply unit ⑽ provide stable direct-current working volts to correlation unit, and the communication unit ⒂ of dsp controller communicates through inner eCAN module of DSP and battery management control module ⑼; Civil power ⒃ is input to digital power power supply ⑺, and digital power power supply ⑺ charges to batteries ⑻ under the DSP digitial controller; Battery management control module ⑼ communicates through the DSPeCAN module through the communication unit ⒂ of CAN bus and dsp processor control unit ⑴ when charging electric vehicle, when electric automobile during traveling, communicates by letter with vehicle-mounted CAN ⒄ connection through the CAN bus; Described DSP control module mainly realizes discharging and recharging functions such as the sampling, driving, protection, battery control of control, voltage and electric current; The DSP control module comprises display unit, alarm unit, memory cell, communication unit, keyboard, electrical quantity collecting unit, temperature collecting cell, overload protection power supply, over-and under-voltage protected location, accessory power supply unit, drives the output unit formation; The dsp processor module connects with display unit, alarm unit, memory cell, communication unit, keyboard, electrical quantity collecting unit, temperature collecting cell, overload protection power supply, over-and under-voltage protected location, accessory power supply unit, driving output unit respectively, and temperature collecting cell is gathered the temperature information of digital power power supply; The electrical quantity collecting unit is gathered the output voltage and the current signal of digital power power supply; The digital power power supply charges a battery to storage battery output electric energy according to the instruction that dsp controller sends; The battery management control module detect each cell batteries of management have related parameter to pass through the CAN bus to transmit information to dsp controller; The battery management control module crosses in the journey and can be attached thereto through this car CAN bus in garage, and battery condition is shown on panel board in real time.
2. it is characterized in that according to described accumulator of electric car intelligent charge of claim one and battery management device whole device is made up of digital power power module ⒃, DSP digitial controller module ⑴, battery monitor administration module ⑼ and CAN bus.
3.DSP controller adopts the TMS320F2812 chip controls; In that we have selected the LTC6802 chip of Linear Techn Inc. (Linear Technology Corporation) for use aspect the battery management monitoring; The LPC11C22 chip that the CAN bus control unit adopts grace intelligence Pu semiconductor to release.
4. it is characterized in that according to described accumulator of electric car intelligent charge of claim one and battery management device battery monitor administration module ⑼ is arranged separately in above the batteries of electric automobile; It is an installation unit independently, and the CAN binding post through this unit connects with dsp controller and vehicle-mounted CAN bus.
5. it is characterized in that adopting according to described accumulator of electric car intelligent charge of claim one and battery management device
CHB-25NPThe model Hall current sensor with
CHV-25PModel Hall voltage transducer detects electric current and voltage.
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