CN108062984B - Comprehensive system for pressure relief, filtration and discharge of containment vessel - Google Patents
Comprehensive system for pressure relief, filtration and discharge of containment vessel Download PDFInfo
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- CN108062984B CN108062984B CN201711182715.3A CN201711182715A CN108062984B CN 108062984 B CN108062984 B CN 108062984B CN 201711182715 A CN201711182715 A CN 201711182715A CN 108062984 B CN108062984 B CN 108062984B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/02—Means for effecting very rapid reduction of the reactivity factor under fault conditions, e.g. reactor fuse; Control elements having arrangements activated in an emergency
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/004—Pressure suppression
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive system for pressure relief, filtering and discharging of a containment, which comprises a discharge pipeline leading out the atmosphere of the containment from the containment, a first metal fiber filter is arranged on a pipe section of the discharge pipeline positioned in the containment vessel, after the discharge pipeline is led out from the containment vessel, the exhaust gas passes through the containment isolation valve and is connected with the Venturi water washing filter, the exhaust gas filtered by the Venturi water washing filter enters the second metal fiber filter, condensate formed in the second metal fiber filter returns to the Venturi water washing filter through a condensate return pipeline, the air outlet end of the second metal fiber filter is connected with the silver zeolite filter through a preheating loop, the air outlet end of the silver zeolite filter is connected with the rupture disk, and the downstream pipeline of the rupture disk is connected with a nuclear power plant chimney through the exhaust isolation valve or returns to the interior of the containment through a gas return pipeline or is connected with an exhaust gas reservoir. The invention can ensure the integrity of the containment after a serious accident and avoid the harm to the environment and personnel caused by radioactive emission to the atmospheric environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the nuclear power station design technology, and particularly relates to a pressure relief, filtration and emission comprehensive system for a containment.
Background
The general goal of nuclear security is to ensure personal, social and environmental security by establishing and maintaining an effective radioprotective barrier. The design of nuclear power plants should ensure that the radioactive dose discharged to the environment is kept at a reasonable level as low as possible under design basis accidents and even serious accidents, and the consequences of radioactivity should be minimized.
The nuclear power plant containment is the last barrier to prevent the release of radioactive products into the environment. In the event of a severe accident of core melting, due to the continuous increase of non-condensable gas generated by the reaction of steam and molten core and concrete, the pressure in the containment vessel gradually rises, and finally the integrity of the containment vessel is destroyed, so that radioactive substances are leaked out uncontrollably.
The national nuclear safety administration of China explicitly stipulates that a serious accident sequence must be researched in the design of a nuclear power plant and measures for preventing and relieving the serious accident must be considered in a nuclear power plant design safety regulation (HAF102) of a new nuclear safety regulation issued and implemented in 4, 18 th of 2004.
At present, in the domestic coastal second generation and nuclear power plants and third generation autonomous design nuclear power projects, containment filtration and discharge systems are arranged aiming at serious accidents, and the purposes of pressure relief and filtration and discharge are achieved when the containment is in overpressure under the working condition of the serious accidents so as to ensure the integrity of the containment.
Along with economic development, the problem of energy shortage in inland areas in China is increasingly highlighted, and adjusting energy structures and increasing inland nuclear power proportion are undoubtedly realistic measures for solving energy problems at present.
However, because of the large population in China, the relatively dense distribution of inland population, the higher restriction requirement of inland nuclear power stations on radioactive effluents, and especially the technical trend of zero emission of radioactive gases after serious accidents, the design of the inland nuclear power stations poses new challenges.
The concept of "zero emission" is to strictly control the emission of the gases discharged to the environment by effective technical means, and to collect and contain the discharged gases when necessary.
After a serious accident, because the reactor core is melted, a large amount of radioactive gas is filled in the containment vessel, the pressure and the temperature are suddenly increased, at the moment, effective pressure relief is carried out on the containment vessel, and two means are provided for directly and effectively relieving the pressure: 1. the atmospheric pressure of the containment vessel is reduced, so that the atmospheric pressure of the containment vessel is always lower than a design value, and bursting and damage cannot occur; 2. and opening the containment vessel, leading out gas, and releasing energy to reduce pressure. In this case, the derived gas components are aerosols containing radioactivity, organic iodine, iodine elements, inert gases and the like, the gas is filtered by effective means to retain all radioactivity, and if the gas cannot be retained, the discharged gas is collected and compressed by a containment device or returned to the containment vessel through a return line to meet the technical requirement of zero emission.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a zero-emission comprehensive system for filtering and discharging pressure relief of a containment to ensure the integrity of the containment after a serious accident and avoid radioactive emission to the atmospheric environment to cause harm to the environment and personnel.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a comprehensive system of emission is filtered in release of containment, includes and draws forth the atmospheric emission pipeline of containment from the containment discharge pipeline set up first metal fiber filter on the pipeline section that the emission pipeline is located the containment, the emission pipeline is drawn forth the back from the containment, passes the containment isolation valve and is connected with venturi washing filter, and the exhaust gas after venturi washing filter filtration gets into second metal fiber filter, and the condensate that forms in the second metal fiber filter returns venturi washing filter through the condensate return line, and the end of giving vent to anger of second metal fiber filter is connected with silver zeolite filter through preheating the return circuit, and the rupture membrane is connected to silver zeolite filter's the end of giving vent to anger, and the downstream pipeline of rupture membrane is connected with nuclear power plant chimney through discharging the isolation valve.
Further, the comprehensive system for pressure relief filtering and discharging of the containment vessel is characterized in that the downstream pipeline of the rupture disk is also connected with the interior of the containment vessel through a gas return pipeline.
Further, the comprehensive system for pressure relief filtering and exhausting of the containment vessel is characterized in that a pipeline downstream of the rupture disk is also connected with an exhaust gas reservoir through a pipeline.
Further, the pressure-relief filtering and discharging comprehensive containment system comprises a pressure-relief filtering and discharging comprehensive system, wherein a pipeline between the air outlet end of the silver zeolite filter and the rupture membrane and a pipeline downstream of the rupture membrane are respectively provided with a flow-limiting pore plate, and the flow-limiting pore plate enables the system to be in a sliding pressure operation mode.
Further, the comprehensive containment pressure relief, filtration and emission system as described above, wherein the venturi washing filter is further connected to a waste reservoir in the containment through a waste return line; the waste reservoir is located below the venturi wash filter such that the radioactive liquid returns by gravity through the waste return line to the waste reservoir in the containment.
Further, the comprehensive containment pressure relief filtering and discharging system is characterized in that the containment isolation valve is two valves which are arranged in series.
Furthermore, two isolation valves connected in series are arranged on the two containment isolation valves connected in series in parallel.
Further, the comprehensive system for pressure relief, filtration and discharge of the containment vessel is characterized in that a flow-limiting orifice plate and a pump are arranged on a gas return pipeline which is connected between the rupture membrane and the interior of the containment vessel.
Further, the comprehensive system for pressure relief, filtration and emission of the containment is characterized in that a radiator and a radioactivity detector are further arranged on a pipeline downstream of the rupture disk.
Further, the comprehensive containment pressure relief, filtration and discharge system comprises a preheating loop, a heat exchanger and a heater, wherein the preheating loop is provided with the heat exchanger and the heater.
Further, the comprehensive containment pressure relief, filtration and emission system comprises a containment isolation valve, a valve and a shielding wall, wherein the containment isolation valve is remotely controlled manually, and personnel can perform valve opening and closing operations behind the shielding wall; or the remote transmission electric control is adopted, and personnel carry out remote transmission operation on the valve in a control room; or an electro-hydraulic linkage valve designed by induction.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a comprehensive system for filtering a containment vessel, discharging pressure relief and returning waste gas after an accident, which can effectively filter the gas in the atmosphere after a serious accident, and the gas with extremely low dosage returns to the containment vessel through a pipeline instead of being released into the ambient atmosphere, thereby realizing the purpose of zero emission of radioactive gas and effectively protecting the ambient atmosphere.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic system structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a first metal fiber filter, 2, a containment isolation valve, 3, a Venturi water washing filter, 4, a second metal fiber filter, 5, a heater, 6, a heat exchanger, 7, a silver zeolite filter, 8, a discharge isolation valve, 9, a flow-limiting pore plate, 10, a rupture membrane, 11, a radiator, 12, a radioactivity detector, 13, a pump, 14, a check valve, 15, an exhaust gas reservoir, 16, a waste liquid reservoir, 17, a chimney, 18, a condensate return pipeline, 19, a waste liquid return pipeline and 20, a shielding workshop are arranged in a factory
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Under the serious accident of the nuclear power station, a large amount of gas with radioactivity is generated in the containment, and if the gas is released to the environment, the gas can cause bad nuclear safety consequences to personnel and the environment. The research of the invention starts from understanding mass energy release and containment performance and behavior in a long-term stage after a serious accident of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant, and develops technical exploration and scheme research of zero emission after the serious accident. By researching several technical means of pressure reduction, collection and emission filtration of the containment, the practicability and the possibility of the containment are analyzed, a system and core equipment design combination is developed, and research trial production and performance verification work is carried out. Meanwhile, on the basis of the existing nuclear power station in China, research on the aspect of serious accident management is carried out, and an effective zero emission design scheme which can be used for inland engineering practice of a third-generation autonomous design nuclear power project is provided by combining the research on the integrity design criterion of the containment of the inland nuclear power station.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a comprehensive containment pressure relief filtering and exhausting system, which includes an exhaust connection pipe for leading out the atmosphere in the containment from the interior of the containment, a metal fiber filter 1 is arranged in front of the exhaust connection pipe as the first stage of filtering in the scheme, and the metal fiber filter 1 is located on a pipe section in the containment. In the metal fiber filter 1, the multilayer metal fiber is placed, a certain dust holding amount is provided, a part of aerosol can be retained, and one or a plurality of metal fiber filters can be arranged according to specific calculation requirements.
After being led out from the containment, the discharge connecting pipe passes through two containment isolation valves 2 which are arranged in series and enters a second-stage filter. The containment vessel isolation valve 2 can be in a remote manual design, and personnel can perform valve opening and closing operation behind a shielding wall; the valve can also be designed in an electric remote transmission mode, and personnel can carry out remote transmission operation on the valve at an emergency control room and other positions; and the automatic discharge after an accident can be realized through an electro-hydraulic linkage valve with an induction design. In order to ensure that the containment vessel isolation valve can be effectively opened after an accident, two parallel isolation valves connected in series can be arranged to ensure effective pressure relief and the integrity of the containment vessel.
The exhaust gas passes through the containment isolation valve 2 and enters the second stage filter of the present invention, the venturi scrubber filter 3. Sodium hydroxide NaOH and sodium thiosulfate Na are contained in the Venturi water washing filter 32S2O3The discharge pipe enters the container, the tail end of the discharge pipe is provided with the venturi spray pipes, high-speed gas enters the solution to form extremely fine bubbles, and fine aerosol particles can be contained and retained, so that the effect of filtering and retaining the aerosol is achieved. Na in chemical solution2S2O3Can react with iodine with high volatility in the exhaust gas to form iodide which is not easy to volatilize, most of the iodine is retained in the chemical solution, and the alkaline solution formed by sodium hydroxide NaOH strengthens Na2S2O3Adsorption of iodine.
The exhaust gas filtered by the second stage filter-venturi washing filter continues to enter the third stage filter-metal fiber filter 4. The function of which is, on the one hand, to retain aerosols not absorbed by the water-wash filter and, on the other hand, to further condense the gas, the condensed water being returned to the venturi water-wash via a condensate return line 18 between the metal fiber filter 4 and the venturi water-wash filter 3. The metal fiber filter 4 is internally provided with a plurality of metal fiber layers which are combined and stacked in different meshes, so that on one hand, aerosol can be retained, and on the other hand, the exhaust gas can be further cooled.
The gas discharged from the third filter-metal fiber filter continues to enter the fourth filter-silver zeolite filter 7, which mainly functions to retain organic iodine that is not filtered by the previous third filter. The silver zeolite is very effective in filtering organic iodine, so that the radioactive harm of the discharged gas to the environment is further reduced. Silver zeolite is prepared by replacing sodium in zeolite with silver, and when it contacts iodine-containing gas, chemically stable silver iodide is generated immediately, so that it can be used for adsorbing radioactive iodine. The silver zeolite has the following characteristics:
● has strong adsorption capacity;
● has fire-resistant and incombustible characteristics;
● good thermal stability, low quality deterioration speed when stored for a long time, etc.;
●, the service life is long, the replacement times are few, and the irradiation agent received by the staff is small;
● the compressive strength is high;
● is expensive, but can be recycled and is economical.
Because the filtration efficiency of the silver zeolite to the organic iodine when meeting water can be greatly reduced, the system is provided with a preheating loop for exhausting gas, the preheating loop comprises a heater 5 and a heat exchanger 6, the preheating loop is arranged between a third-stage filter (a metal fiber filter) and a fourth-stage filter (a silver zeolite filter) and is used for preheating a pipeline, the gas entering the silver zeolite filter is ensured to be dry, and the filtration efficiency meets the requirement. The preheating mode can be electric heating and the like.
The gas passing through the silver zeolite filter will pass through a discharge isolation valve 8 and a restriction orifice 9 which serves to ensure that the system is in a sliding pressure mode of operation. Downstream of the restriction orifice 9 is a rupture membrane 10, which rupture membrane 10 when the system pressure reaches a certain value, and the exhaust gas is released.
The gas after the four-stage filtration passes through the rupture disk, still has certain heat and dose, and in order to ensure that no radioactive gas is discharged to the atmosphere, the filtered gas is cooled and depressurized, a radiator 11 naturally cooled by air and another flow-limiting pore plate 9 are arranged on a discharge pipeline at the downstream of the rupture disk 10, and the gas after heat exchange and cooling can be treated simultaneously or respectively in the following three ways.
One way is to exhaust the gas to the atmosphere through a chimney 17 of the nuclear power plant, and a radioactivity detector 12 is arranged on the exhaust pipeline, so that the radioactivity of the gas can be detected in time, and if the radioactivity is low enough and meets the emission requirement of the atmosphere, the gas is exhausted to the atmosphere through the chimney.
The second way is to return the heat-exchanged and cooled gas back into the containment vessel through a specially designed pipeline or other available system pipelines, and to ensure that the gas can be effectively discharged into the containment vessel, the gas can be sent into the containment vessel through the pump 13. The gas return line is provided with a discharge isolation valve 8 and a restricted orifice plate 9.
A third way is to introduce the discharged gas via a line into a specially designed exhaust gas reservoir 15, enabling compressed storage of the gas. The line is provided with a discharge isolation valve 8 and a check valve 14.
When the nuclear power station normally operates, the system is in a long-term stop state, and the pipeline is filled with nitrogen at low pressure. The system pipeline is provided with a safety valve for overpressure protection and an isolation valve for necessary isolation, and the valve needing to be operated by personnel is operated behind a shielding wall of an equipment room through a remote transmission rod. The opening and closing operation of the valve may also be performed from an emergency control room by remote electric operation.
In the embodiment, the system is also provided with a Venturi water level monitoring and alarming device, once the Venturi water level reaches a low level, an alarm can be given, so that water is filled in time, and the filtering function of the system is ensured; and a special secondary water filling device for the venturi solution is arranged, and the configuration, the stirring and the water filling of the venturi solution can be carried out through the pipeline design.
The system is also provided with a nitrogen pressure measuring and alarming device which can carry out necessary nitrogen monitoring.
The main materials of all kinds of equipment of the system are austenitic stainless steel, and the system can resist corrosion and irradiation and can store chemical aqueous solution for a long time.
In addition, the present embodiment is also provided with a waste liquid storage container 16 for returning the venturi filter liquid with high radioactivity into the containment after the accident is finished, and the placement position of the container is lower than that of the venturi water washing filter 3, so that the radioactive liquid returns to the waste liquid storage container 16 in the containment through the waste liquid return line 19 by gravity, and is not retained outside the containment for a long time, and forms a radioactive pollution source to be diffused.
The comprehensive containment pressure relief filtering and discharging system is arranged in a shielding workshop 20, can be designed for a single unit, can also be designed for two units to share one discharging and filtering system, and is designed in a targeted manner according to the requirements of a power plant.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A comprehensive system for pressure relief, filtering and discharging of a containment comprises a discharge pipeline leading out the atmosphere of the containment from the containment, and is characterized in that: a first metal fiber filter (1) is arranged on a pipe section of the discharge pipeline positioned in the containment, the discharge pipeline is led out of the containment and then penetrates through a containment isolation valve (2) to be connected with a Venturi water washing filter (3), the Venturi water washing filter (3) is also connected with a waste liquid container (16) in the containment through a waste liquid return pipeline (19), the discharged gas filtered by the Venturi water washing filter (3) enters a second metal fiber filter (4), condensate formed in the second metal fiber filter (4) returns to the Venturi water washing filter (3) through a condensate return pipeline (18), the air outlet end of the second metal fiber filter (4) is connected with a silver zeolite filter (7) through a preheating loop, a heat exchanger (6) and a heater (5) are arranged on the preheating loop, and the air outlet end of the silver zeolite filter (7) is connected with a rupture membrane (10), still be equipped with radiator (11) and radioactivity detector (12) on the downstream pipeline of rupture disk (10), the downstream pipeline of rupture disk (10) is connected with nuclear power plant chimney (17) through emission isolation valve (8), the downstream pipeline of rupture disk (10) still returns pipeline and containment internal connection through the gas to still be connected through pipeline and waste gas storage ware (15) that can compress the storage to gas, the system has still set up nitrogen pressure and has measured and alarm device, can carry out nitrogen pressure monitoring.
2. The pressure relief filtering venting integrated system of claim 1, wherein: and a flow limiting pore plate (9) is respectively arranged on a pipeline between the air outlet end of the silver zeolite filter (7) and the rupture membrane (10) and on a downstream pipeline of the rupture membrane (10), and the flow limiting pore plate enables the system to be in a sliding pressure operation mode.
3. The pressure relief filtering venting integrated system of claim 1, wherein: the waste reservoir (16) is located below the venturi water wash filter (3) so that the radioactive liquid returns by gravity to the waste reservoir (16) in the containment through a waste return line (19).
4. The pressure relief filtering venting integrated system of claim 1, wherein: the containment vessel isolation valve (2) is composed of two valves which are arranged in series.
5. The pressure relief filtering venting integrated system of claim 4, wherein: two isolation valves connected in series are further arranged on the two containment isolation valves (2) connected in series in parallel, the operation modes of the containment isolation valves (2) are various, or the containment isolation valves are in remote transmission electric control, and personnel carry out remote transmission operation on the valves in a control room, or the containment isolation valves are self-driven electro-hydraulic linkage valves designed in an induction mode.
6. The pressure relief filtering venting integrated system of claim 1, wherein: and a flow-limiting pore plate and a pump (13) are arranged on a gas return pipeline connected between the rupture disk (10) and the interior of the containment.
7. The pressure relief filtering venting integrated system of claim 1, wherein: the drain isolation valve (8) may be operated by remote electrical operation to open and close the valve from the emergency control room.
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| CN110005951A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-07-12 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | The processing of main steam safety valve steam discharge and collection system |
| CN110364275A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-10-22 | 中广核工程有限公司 | A kind of npp safety shell filtering emission system and method with hydrogen recombiner unit |
| CN112435767A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2021-03-02 | 杨霞 | Condensate water circulating device for nuclear power station |
| CN113270212B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2023-12-19 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive containment constant pressure system and method and containment system |
| CN114904330A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-08-16 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Filter screen and radioactive gas purifying equipment thereof |
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| CN104409112B (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2017-07-04 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Containment recirculating system |
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| DE3824606A1 (en) * | 1988-07-20 | 1990-01-25 | Krantz H Gmbh & Co | Method for pressure relief of the safety container of a nuclear power station in case of accident and filter for carrying out the method |
| JP2016077736A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-05-16 | 株式会社東芝 | Intake structure of building, building having the same, and intake method of building |
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Application publication date: 20180522 Assignee: JIANGSU XIJIE NEW ENERGY ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Assignor: CHINA NUCLEAR POWER ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2022110000057 Denomination of invention: Integrated containment pressure relief, filtration and discharge system Granted publication date: 20210917 License type: Common License Record date: 20221025 |