CN108052698A - A kind of method in Hysteresis Energy density prediction material creep fatigue interaction service life - Google Patents
A kind of method in Hysteresis Energy density prediction material creep fatigue interaction service life Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method in Hysteresis Energy density prediction material creep fatigue interaction service life, is related to the high temperature service life prediction field of material.This method comprises the following steps：Step S1 material at high temperature fatigue tests determine cyclic hardening index and tired Hysteresis Energy density；Step S2 material at high temperature creep fatigue interaction experiment determines that creep fatigue interaction Hysteresis Energy density calculates the parameter needed；The Hysteresis Energy density of the different creep fatigue interaction experiments protected and carry the time is calculated in the Hysteresis Energy density computational methods that step S3 is proposed according to the present invention；Step S4 fitting Hysteresis Energy density interact the service life with creep fatigue between power rate relation；The formula that step S5 is fitted by configuring the finite element calculations incorporated present invention obtains the mathematic(al) expectation of creep fatigue interaction.The present invention has specific theoretical foundation, clearly physical significance, and Hysteresis Energy density can be used accurately to predict service life of the material under high-temerature creep fatigue interaction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of prediction of high-temperature service life of materials, in particular to a method for predicting creep fatigue interaction life of a material by using hysteresis energy density.
Background
With the development of modern industry towards high temperature, high pressure, high speed and other high parameters, more and more devices in the fields of petrochemical industry, nuclear power, aerospace and the like, such as high-temperature pressure-bearing devices, metallurgical machinery, gas turbines and the like, operate under complex working conditions of high temperature, high pressure, alternating load and the like for a long time, and the service of the devices is often restricted by multiple factors such as fatigue, creep, corrosion and the like. In particular, high-temperature pressure-bearing equipment in the chemical industry, such as a coke tower, an ethylene cracking furnace tube, a hydrogenation reactor and the like, not only bears the working stress of the equipment, but also bears creep damage caused by high temperature and fatigue damage caused by peak regulation, operation and stop, temperature fluctuation and the like, and the creep fatigue interaction is an important factor for the failure of the equipment.
At present, most creep fatigue interaction life prediction methods are based on damage assessment, and determine interaction life according to a damage interaction diagram, such as a linear accumulated damage method, a continuous damage mechanical method, and the like, wherein a time fraction method and a ductility exhaustion method are widely applied to engineering and are already included in the specifications of ASME, R5, and the like. The empirically derived interaction map is clearly a hypothesis that the theoretical basis is not strong, and that such specifications contain large safety factors, are conservative, far below the optimal design criteria, and may lead to over-design or unrealizable design.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems, the invention provides a method for predicting the creep fatigue interaction life of a material by hysteresis energy density, which has strong theoretical basis and accurate life prediction.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for predicting the creep fatigue interaction life of a material by using hysteresis energy density comprises the following steps:
step S1: controlling pure fatigue tests of different strain amplitudes by using the material to obtain a stable state hysteresis loop, obtaining a stress amplitude and a plastic strain amplitude, and further determining a cyclic hardening index and pure fatigue hysteresis energy density;
step S2: controlling the same strain amplitude to carry out creep fatigue interaction tests at different time by the material to obtain a stress-strain curve, and determining parameters required by calculating the creep fatigue interaction hysteretic energy density;
and step S3: calculating hysteresis energy densities of creep fatigue interaction tests with different load-holding times according to the parameters determined in the step S2; the calculation method is as follows: the area of the creep fatigue interaction half-life cycle stable hysteresis loop is regarded as the area of a triangle where the pure fatigue hysteresis loop area reduces the relaxation stress, the triangle is regarded as a right-angled triangle, and then a pure fatigue hysteresis energy calculation formula is combined to obtain the hysteresis energy density of the creep fatigue interaction half-life cycle stable;
and step S4: fitting a power-rate relation between the hysteretic energy density and the interactive life of pure fatigue and creep fatigue according to the hysteretic energy density calculated in the step S1 and the step S3;
step S5: and (3) obtaining parameters of the step S2 through finite element analysis software, and obtaining the calculation service life of the creep fatigue interaction by combining the hysteresis energy density calculation method provided by the step S3 and the power-rate relationship obtained by fitting in the step S4.
Preferably, the specific process of step S1 is as follows:
stress amplitude delta sigma and strain amplitude delta epsilon of steady-state hysteresis loops with different strain amplitudes in the same coordinate system t Obtaining a circulation curve delta sigma-delta epsilon after connecting t The relationship between strain amplitude and stress amplitude follows the Ramberg-Osgood equation as:
in the formula,. DELTA.. Di-elect cons e 、Δε p Respectively an elastic strain amplitude and a plastic strain amplitude, E is an elastic modulus, K 'is a cyclic hardening coefficient, and n' is a cyclic hardening index; should be addedThe power-law relation between the force amplitude and the plastic strain amplitude is as follows:
Δσ＝K′Δε p n′ (2)
obtaining a stable state magnetic hysteresis loop by a pure fatigue test of different strain amplitudes, obtaining a cyclic stress amplitude and a plastic strain amplitude, and carrying out logarithmic regression analysis to obtain a cyclic hardening coefficient K 'and a cyclic hardening index n';
the area of the stress-strain curve obtained by the test is the hysteresis energy density, and the hysteresis energy density of pure fatigue has a mature calculation formula:
preferably, in step S2: parameters required for calculating creep fatigue interaction hysteresis energy density comprise stress relaxation quantity sigma relax And the cross strain distance delta epsilon between the creep fatigue interaction stress strain curve and the strain axis p Stress amplitude and cyclic hardening index n'.
Preferably, in step S3: the area of the creep fatigue interaction half-life cycle stable stress-strain curve is regarded as the pure fatigue hysteresis loop area S Pure fatigue Area S of triangle for reducing relaxation stress Relaxation of Namely:
w＝S interaction ＝S Pure fatigue -S Relaxation of (4)
Will S Relaxation of The area of the triangle is as follows:
from the calculation formula of the pure fatigue hysteresis energy density, S can be obtained Pure fatigue Comprises the following steps:
the combined equations (4), (5) and (6) can obtain the stable hysteresis energy density of the creep fatigue interaction half life cycle as follows:
in the formula, σ relax For creep relaxation stress,. DELTA.. Di p The cross strain spacing of the creep fatigue interaction stress strain curve and the strain axis.
Preferably, the specific process of step S4 is as follows:
a large number of pure fatigue test results show that a power-law relationship exists between hysteresis energy density and pure fatigue life, namely:
in the formula, beta 0 、C 0 Is a parameter that depends on the material and temperature;
power-rate relation also exists between the load retention time and the creep fatigue interaction life; based on the power-law relation between the pure fatigue and the pure fatigue life, the interaction factor containing the load-holding time term is increasedAs a generalized damage parameter, namely:
hysteretic energy density w and load retention time t h Creep fatigue interaction lifetime N cf Three are known parameters, alpha, beta, gamma and C are unknown parameters, and pure fatigue can be used as the load-holding time t h A creep fatigue interaction of 0.
Preferably, the specific process of step S5 is as follows:
and (4) configuring the finite element analysis which is the same as the step (S3) to calculate and obtain the parameters of the claim 3, obtaining the hysteresis energy density of the finite element analysis by the creep fatigue interaction hysteresis energy density calculation method provided by the step (S3), and obtaining the calculated service life of the creep fatigue interaction by combining the hysteresis energy density and the creep fatigue interaction service life relational expression fitted by the step (S4).
Preferably, in step S5:
the accuracy of the creep fatigue interaction life calculated by measuring finite element simulation can be represented by a life prediction factor LPF:
in the formula, N exp For test life, N cal To calculate the lifetime.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. compared with the traditional method for predicting the creep fatigue interaction life according to the assumed interaction diagram after damage evaluation, the method for predicting the creep fatigue interaction life according to the hysteresis energy density has definite theoretical basis and clearer physical significance. The traditional interactive graph for estimating the creep fatigue interactive life by damage comprises a larger safety factor and is more conservative, and the hysteresis energy density provided by the invention can be used for more accurately estimating the creep fatigue interactive life.
2. The invention provides a method for calculating the hysteresis energy density of creep fatigue interaction, which can calculate the hysteresis energy density simply, conveniently and accurately according to a stress-strain curve obtained by a test or finite element analysis. Based on the power-law relation between the fatigue life and the hysteresis energy density, the invention increases the interaction factor containing the holdover time termAs a generalized damage parameter, a power-law relation between creep fatigue interaction life and hysteresis energy density is provided.
3. Through verification, the hysteresis energy density prediction material provided by the invention has a better prediction result on the creep fatigue interaction life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for predicting creep fatigue interactive life of a material by hysteresis energy density according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a creep-fatigue interactive stress-strain curve and a fatigue hysteresis loop;
FIG. 3a is a graph of the cycle hardening index determined by a high temperature fatigue test of 316L stainless steel in application example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a graph showing the relationship between the life and the hysteresis energy density of 316L stainless steel in example 1 in which the present invention is applied;
FIG. 3c is a comparison of calculated life against experimental life according to the present invention for the 316L stainless steel creep fatigue interaction of application example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The theoretical basis of predicting the creep fatigue interaction life by the hysteresis energy density is strong, the key is the calculation of the creep fatigue interaction hysteresis energy density, the requirement on the accuracy of the hysteresis energy density is high, and even if the hysteresis energy density is determined, the correlation between the hysteresis energy density and the creep fatigue interaction life is still needed.
In order to overcome the problems of insufficient theories and partial conservation of damage assessment methods, the invention provides a calculation method for predicting the creep fatigue interaction life by using hysteretic energy density, which has strong theoretical basis and accurate life prediction, can simply and conveniently calculate the hysteretic energy density while ensuring the accuracy, and simultaneously determines the power-rate relationship containing the load-holding time between the hysteretic energy density and the creep fatigue interaction life.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments in the following drawings. It should be noted that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for predicting the creep fatigue interaction life of the material by the hysteresis energy density comprises the following steps:
step S1: controlling pure fatigue tests of different strain amplitudes by using the material to obtain a stable state hysteresis loop, obtaining a stress amplitude and a plastic strain amplitude, and further determining a cyclic hardening index and pure fatigue hysteresis energy density;
step S2: controlling the same strain amplitude to carry out creep fatigue interaction tests at different time by the material to obtain a stress-strain curve, and determining parameters required by calculating the creep fatigue interaction hysteretic energy density;
and step S3: calculating hysteresis energy densities of creep fatigue interaction tests with different load-holding times according to the parameters determined in the step S2; the calculation method is as follows: the area of the creep fatigue interaction half-life cycle stable hysteresis loop is regarded as the area of a triangle where the pure fatigue hysteresis loop area reduces the relaxation stress, the triangle is regarded as a right-angled triangle, and then a pure fatigue hysteresis energy calculation formula is combined to obtain the hysteresis energy density of the creep fatigue interaction half-life cycle stable;
and step S4: fitting a power-rate relation between the hysteretic energy density and the interactive life of pure fatigue and creep fatigue according to the hysteretic energy density calculated in the step S1 and the step S3;
step S5: and (3) obtaining parameters of the step S2 through finite element analysis software, and obtaining the calculation service life of the creep fatigue interaction by combining the hysteresis energy density calculation method provided by the step S3 and the power-rate relationship obtained by fitting in the step S4.
The above steps S1 to S5 are described in detail below:
in step S1, the method for obtaining the cycle hardening index and the high temperature fatigue hysteresis energy density from the fatigue hysteresis loop with stable half life cycle is derived as follows:
stress amplitude delta sigma and strain amplitude delta epsilon of steady-state hysteresis loops with different strain amplitudes in the same coordinate system t After the connection, a circulation curve delta sigma-delta epsilon can be obtained t The relationship between strain amplitude and cyclic stress amplitude follows the Ramberg-Osgood equation as:
in the formula, Δ ε e 、Δε p Respectively elastic strain amplitude and plastic strainVariation, E is the elastic modulus, K 'is the cyclic hardening coefficient, and n' is the cyclic hardening index. The power-law relation between the stress amplitude and the plastic strain amplitude is as follows:
Δσ＝K′Δε p n′ (2)
a hysteresis loop with stable fatigue half-life cycle is obtained by high-temperature fatigue tests with different strain amplitudes, the cyclic stress amplitude and the plastic strain amplitude are known, and a parameter cyclic hardening system K 'and a cyclic hardening index n' can be obtained by carrying out logarithmic regression analysis.
The steady state hysteresis loop S is obtained by the test Pure fatigue The area of (ABCDEFA shown in FIG. 2) is the hysteresis energy density, and the hysteresis energy density of fatigue has a mature calculation formula:
creep fatigue interactive hysteresis energy density S in step S2 Interaction (ABCEFFA shown in FIG. 2) the parameters required for calculation include the amount of stress relaxation σ shown in FIG. 2 relax And the cross strain distance delta epsilon between the creep fatigue interaction stress-strain curve and the strain axis p (i.e., plastic strain between BF) Delta epsilon p,BF Stress amplitude and the cyclic hardening index n' obtained in step S1.
In step S3, the creep fatigue interaction hysteresis energy calculation method provided by the present invention is combined with the derivation process of fig. 2 as follows:
the area of the creep fatigue interaction half-life cycle stabilization hysteresis loop can be regarded as the area S of the pure fatigue hysteresis loop Pure fatigue Area S of triangle (CDE shown in FIG. 2) where relaxation stress is reduced Relaxation of Namely:
w＝S interaction ＝S Pure fatigue -S Relaxation of (4)
Because the difference of the stress values of the C point and the D point is extremely small and can be ignored, the S value is calculated Relaxation of The area of the triangle is as follows:
from the calculation formula of the pure fatigue hysteresis energy density, S can be obtained Pure fatigue Comprises the following steps:
the combined equations (4), (5) and (6) can obtain the stable hysteresis energy density of the creep fatigue interaction half life cycle as follows:
in the formula, σ relax For creep relaxation stress,. DELTA.. Di p,BF Is the plastic strain between BF.
The derivation process of the power-law relationship between hysteresis energy density and creep fatigue interaction life in step S4 is as follows:
a large number of pure fatigue test results show that a power-law relationship exists between hysteresis energy density and fatigue life, namely:
in the formula, beta 0 、C 0 Are parameters that depend on the material and temperature.
Creep fatigue interaction tests by Brinkman et al through strain control show that there is also a power-law relationship between dwell time and life. Increasing interaction factors containing a load-holding time term based on a power-rate relation of fatigueAs a generalized damage parameter, namely:
hysteresis in step S4Energy density w and retention time t h Creep fatigue interaction lifetime N cf Three are known parameters, alpha, beta, gamma and C are unknown parameters, and high-temperature fatigue can be used as the load-holding time t h A creep fatigue interaction of 0.
The accuracy of the creep fatigue interaction life obtained by measuring finite element simulation calculation in the step S5 can be represented by a life prediction factor LPF:
in the formula, N exp For test life, N cal To calculate the lifetime.
In the following application example 1, the hysteresis energy density prediction material creep fatigue interaction life of the invention is adopted to calculate the life of 316L stainless steel combined with finite element under 600 ℃.
Application example 1
And selecting 316L stainless steel to predict the creep fatigue interaction life at 600 ℃. The pure fatigue test 5 groups of controlled strain amplitudes at 600 ℃ are respectively 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7% and 0.8%, the pure fatigue life is shown in fig. 3b, the plastic strain amplitude and the stress amplitude are obtained from the fatigue hysteresis loop with stable half life cycle (such as ABCDEFA in fig. 2), the power-rate relationship between the stress amplitude and the plastic strain amplitude shown in the fitting formula (2) (the formulas in the application example are all serial numbers in the specific embodiment) is shown in fig. 3a, the cyclic hardening index n' =0.27 can be obtained through regression analysis, and the pure fatigue hysteresis energy density obtained through calculation by using the formula (3) is shown in fig. 3 b. The creep fatigue interactive test controls the strain amplitude to be 0.7 percent and the load-holding time t h Respectively 0min (namely fatigue test), 1min, 5min, 10min and 30min, the creep-fatigue interaction life is shown in fig. 3b, the stress amplitude, the inter-BF plastic strain shown in fig. 2 and the stress relaxation amount caused by creep can be known from the stress-strain curve (see ABCEFA in fig. 2) with stable creep-fatigue interaction half-life cycle, and the creep-fatigue interaction hysteresis energy density is calculated and obtained by combining the creep-fatigue interaction hysteresis energy density calculation formula (7) provided by the invention and is shown in fig. 3 b. Hysteresis energy density and fatigue in a dual logarithmic coordinate systemThe creep fatigue interaction life is shown in FIG. 3b, combining different dwell times t h The software auto2fit5.5 is used to fit the formula (9) to obtain:controlling the strain amplitude to be 0.7% by using finite element analysis software ABAQUS configuration, controlling the load-holding time to be 0min, 1min, 5min, 10min and 30min respectively and performing finite element calculation with the same test, substituting the hysteresis energy density calculation method of the formula (7) provided by the invention into a creep fatigue interaction life calculation formula to calculate the creep fatigue interaction life with different load-holding times, comparing the calculated life with the test life as shown in figure 3c, and obtaining a creep fatigue interaction life prediction result LPF from figure 3c&And (1.15) verifying the accuracy of the method for predicting the creep fatigue interaction life by the hysteresis energy density through comparison of test and calculation results.
Claims (7)
1. A method for predicting the creep fatigue interaction life of a material by using hysteresis energy density is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: controlling pure fatigue tests of different strain amplitudes by using the material to obtain a steady state hysteresis loop, obtaining a stress amplitude and a plastic strain amplitude, and further determining a cycle hardening index and pure fatigue hysteresis energy density;
step S2: controlling the same strain amplitude to carry out creep fatigue interaction tests at different time by the material to obtain a stress-strain curve, and determining parameters required by calculating the creep fatigue interaction hysteretic energy density;
and step S3: calculating the hysteresis energy density of the creep fatigue interaction test with different load-holding time according to the parameters determined in the step S2; the calculation method is as follows: the area of the creep fatigue interaction half-life cycle stable hysteresis loop is regarded as the area of a triangle where the pure fatigue hysteresis loop area reduces the relaxation stress, the triangle is regarded as a right-angled triangle, and then a pure fatigue hysteresis energy calculation formula is combined to obtain the hysteresis energy density of the creep fatigue interaction half-life cycle stable;
and step S4: fitting a power-rate relation between the hysteretic energy density and the interactive life of pure fatigue and creep fatigue according to the hysteretic energy density calculated in the step S1 and the step S3;
step S5: and (3) obtaining parameters of the step S2 through finite element analysis software, and obtaining the calculation service life of the creep fatigue interaction by combining the hysteresis energy density calculation method provided by the step S3 and the power-rate relationship obtained by fitting in the step S4.
2. The method for predicting the creep fatigue interaction life of the material according to the hysteretic energy density of claim 1, wherein the specific process of step S1 is as follows:
stress amplitude delta sigma and stress amplitude delta epsilon of steady state hysteresis loops with different strain amplitudes in the same coordinate system t Obtaining a circulation curve delta sigma-delta epsilon after connecting the lines t The relationship between strain amplitude and stress amplitude follows the Ramberg-Osgood equation as:
in the formula, Δ ε e 、Δε p Respectively an elastic strain amplitude and a plastic strain amplitude, E is an elastic modulus, K 'is a cyclic hardening coefficient, and n' is a cyclic hardening index; the power-law relation between the stress amplitude and the plastic strain amplitude is as follows:
Δσ＝K′Δε p n′ (2)
obtaining a steady state magnetic hysteresis loop by pure fatigue tests with different strain amplitudes, knowing a cyclic stress amplitude and a plastic strain amplitude, and carrying out logarithmic regression analysis to obtain a cyclic hardening coefficient K 'and a cyclic hardening index n';
the area of the stress-strain curve obtained by the test is the hysteresis energy density, and the hysteresis energy density of pure fatigue has a mature calculation formula:
3. a hysteresis energy as defined in claim 1The method for predicting the creep fatigue interaction life of the material by the density is characterized in that in the step S2: parameters required for calculating creep fatigue interaction hysteresis energy density comprise stress relaxation quantity sigma relax And the cross strain distance delta epsilon between the creep fatigue interaction stress strain curve and the strain axis p Stress amplitude and cyclic hardening index n'.
4. The method for predicting the creep fatigue interaction life of the material according to the hysteretic energy density of claim 1, wherein in the step S3: the area of the creep fatigue interaction half-life cycle stable stress-strain curve is regarded as the pure fatigue hysteresis loop area S Pure fatigue Area S of triangle for reducing relaxation stress Relaxation of Namely:
w＝S interaction ＝S Pure fatigue -S Relaxation of (4)
Will S Relaxation of The area of the triangle is as follows:
from the calculation formula of the pure fatigue hysteresis energy density, S can be obtained Pure fatigue Comprises the following steps:
the hysteresis energy density with stable creep fatigue interaction half life cycle can be obtained by combining the formula (4), the formula (5) and the formula (6):
in the formula, σ relax For creep relaxation stress,. DELTA.. Di p The cross strain spacing of the creep fatigue interaction stress strain curve and the strain axis.
5. The method for predicting the creep fatigue interaction life of the material according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 is as follows:
a large number of pure fatigue test results show that a power-law relationship exists between hysteresis energy density and pure fatigue life, namely:
in the formula, beta 0 、C 0 Is a parameter that depends on the material and temperature;
power-rate relation also exists between the load retention time and the creep fatigue interaction life; based on the power-law relation between the pure fatigue and the pure fatigue life, the interaction factor containing the load-holding time term is increasedAs a generalized damage parameter, namely:
stagnation energy density w and load retention time t h Creep fatigue interaction lifetime N cf Three are known parameters, alpha, beta, gamma and C are unknown parameters, and pure fatigue can be used as the load-holding time t h A creep fatigue interaction of 0.
6. The method for predicting the creep fatigue interaction life of the material according to the claim 3, wherein the step S5 is implemented as follows:
and (3) configuring the finite element analysis calculation which is the same as the step (S3) and obtaining the parameters of claim 3, obtaining the hysteresis energy density of the finite element analysis by the creep fatigue interaction hysteresis energy density calculation method provided by the step (S3), and obtaining the calculated service life of the creep fatigue interaction by combining the hysteresis energy density and creep fatigue interaction service life relational expression fitted by the step (S4).
7. The method for predicting the creep fatigue interaction life of the material according to the hysteretic energy density of claim 1, wherein in the step S5:
the accuracy of the creep fatigue interaction life calculated by measuring finite element simulation can be represented by a life prediction factor LPF:
in the formula, N exp For test life, N cal To calculate the lifetime.
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| CN113495032A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-10-12 | 上海电气电站设备有限公司 | Material creep fatigue life evaluation method and evaluation system |
| CN113495032B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2022-11-01 | 上海电气电站设备有限公司 | Method and system for evaluating creep fatigue life of material |
| CN111428361A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-07-17 | 南京工业大学 | Service life prediction method suitable for various cyclic loads |
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