CN108051648A - A kind of material electromagnetic attributes measuring method based on DC potential and detection method of eddy - Google Patents
A kind of material electromagnetic attributes measuring method based on DC potential and detection method of eddy Download PDFInfo
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- CN108051648A CN108051648A CN201711258187.5A CN201711258187A CN108051648A CN 108051648 A CN108051648 A CN 108051648A CN 201711258187 A CN201711258187 A CN 201711258187A CN 108051648 A CN108051648 A CN 108051648A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/08—Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/022—Measuring gradient
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Abstract
A kind of material electromagnetic attributes measuring method based on DC potential and detection method of eddy, this method experimental provision are made of DC potential subtraction unit and EDDY CURRENT subtraction unit；When realizing this method, by the constant-current source in DC potential subtraction unit test specimen is given to apply constant current excitation first, with nanovoltmeter collection voltages signal, by the electrical conductivity that can be calculated test specimen；Then applied by the excitation coil in EDDY CURRENT subtraction unit to test specimen and encouraged, then voltage signal is detected with detection coil；Since the voltage signal of detection coil and the electrical conductivity and magnetic conductivity of test specimen are related, so the magnetic conductivity of material can be acquired by conjugate gradient method inverting to vortex detecting signal on the premise of test specimen electrical conductivity is measured by dc-bit method；Compared to the measuring method of traditional test specimen electrical conductivity and magnetic conductivity, the method for the present invention can achieve the purpose that while measure magnetic material electrical conductivity and magnetic conductivity, and driving frequency is adjustable, is with a wide range of applications.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the magnetic material conductivity measurement based on electromagnetic method and permeability measurement fields, and in particular to one
Material electromagnetic attributes measuring method of the kind based on DC potential and detection method of eddy.
Background technology
Magnetic material is one of mainstay material of modern industrial and agricultural production, and the product of magnetic material is to represent a state
The index of family's economic development level, demand can then embody roughly a national national life level.As a kind of basic work(
Can material, magnetic material application in the every aspect of life, at present magnetic material be mainly used in telecommunications, motor, television set and
Storage device of computer etc., it has been increasingly becoming the critical material to promote social development, so to its electromagnetic parameter
Measurement is particularly important.The measuring method of magnetic material electrical conductivity mainly has dc-bit method and alternating current bridge method etc. at present,
Permeability measurement method mainly has ballistic galvanometer method, fluxmeter method, nuclear magnetic resonance method and Hall effect method etc..
Dc-bit method is measurement one of most common method of material electric conductivity, it be widely used in plastic deformation detection,
Fatigue damage detection, macroscopic cracking detection etc..Dc-bit method has that system building is easy, easy to operate, high sensitivity
With time of measuring it is short the advantages that, so it conveniently can accurately measure magnetic material electrical conductivity.
Coil is not required to contact directly with measured object during EDDY CURRENT, can carry out high speed detection, it is easy to accomplish automation, and whirlpool
The voltage signal of detection coil and the electrical conductivity and magnetic conductivity of measured material are related in stream detection.It is it has been investigated that logical first
After crossing the electrical conductivity that dc-bit method measures material, coil can be detected from EDDY CURRENT by the method for conjugate gradient method inverting
Voltage signal in obtain the magnetic conductivity of material, be finally reached measurement magnetic material electrical conductivity and magnetic conductivity purpose.
The content of the invention
In order to achieve the purpose that above-mentioned measurement magnetic material electrical conductivity and magnetic conductivity, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind
Material electromagnetic attributes measuring method based on DC potential and detection method of eddy, this method experimental provision is by DC potential subtraction unit
It is formed with EDDY CURRENT subtraction unit.DC potential subtraction unit is by constant-current source, nanovoltmeter, scan table, data acquisition device and four
Probe forms, and wherein constant-current source and (1) number, (4) number two probes are connected, its is given to apply constant current, nanovoltmeter and (2) number,
(3) number two probes are connected, and measure the voltage between it, and data acquisition device is connected with scan table, nanovoltmeter.EDDY CURRENT side
Subtraction unit is made of signal generator, power amplifier, lock-in amplifier, data acquisition device, excitation coil and detection coil,
Wherein signal generator is connected with power amplifier, lock-in amplifier, and excitation coil is connected with power amplifier, detection coil with
Lock-in amplifier is connected, and data acquisition device is connected with lock-in amplifier, by signal generator, power amplifier to excitation line
Circle applies sinusoidal signal excitation, then the voltage signal of detection coil is gathered with lock-in amplifier.When realizing this method, it will treat first
Test block is placed on scan table, and four probes are positioned over test specimen upper surface, is applied with constant-current source to two of which probe
Constant current, with the voltage between nanovoltmeter measurement other two probe, the voltage signal collected by data acquisition device,
The electrical conductivity of test specimen can be calculated in the current signal of constant-current source output and the size of test specimen；Then signal generator, work(are passed through
Rate amplifier applies sinusoidal signal excitation to excitation coil, then the voltage signal of detection coil is gathered with lock-in amplifier；Due to
The voltage signal of detection coil and the electrical conductivity and magnetic conductivity of test specimen are related, so measuring test specimen by dc-bit method
The magnetic conductivity of material can be acquired on the premise of electrical conductivity by conjugate gradient method inverting to vortex detecting signal.Compared to biography
The test specimen electrical conductivity of system and the measuring method of magnetic conductivity, the method for the present invention can reach while measure magnetic material electrical conductivity and magnetic conductance
The purpose of rate, and the detection sensitivity of the method for the present invention is high, driving frequency is adjustable, detecting system is easy to build and maturation can
It leans on, is with a wide range of applications.
To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of material electromagnetic attributes measuring method based on DC potential and detection method of eddy, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Experimental provision is built, which is made of DC potential subtraction unit and EDDY CURRENT subtraction unit, directly
Galvanic electricity position subtraction unit is by constant-current source, nanovoltmeter, scan table, data acquisition device and four probe groups being arranged on scan table
Into four probes respectively are No. 1 probe, No. 2 probes, No. 3 probes and No. 4 probes, wherein constant-current source and No. 1 probe and 4
Number probe is connected, its is given to apply constant current, and nanovoltmeter is connected with No. 2 probes and No. 3 probes, measures the voltage between it, several
It is connected according to harvester with scan table, nanovoltmeter；Eddy current detection method device is mutually put by signal generator, power amplifier, lock
Big device, data acquisition device, excitation coil and detection coil composition, wherein signal generator mutually amplify with power amplifier and lock
Device is connected, and excitation coil is connected with power amplifier, and detection coil is connected with lock-in amplifier, and data acquisition device is mutually put with lock
Big device is connected, and applies sinusoidal signal excitation to excitation coil by signal generator, power amplifier, then is adopted with lock-in amplifier
The voltage signal of collection detection coil；
Step 2：Test specimen is processed into plate test coupon of the length more than thickness, and the plate test coupon that will be processed first
It is fixed on scan table；On the central axes of plate test coupon equidistantly fix dc-bit method four probes, and ensure probe with
The distance between probe is more than the width and thickness of plate test coupon；Then applied with constant-current source to No. 1 probe and No. 4 probes constant
Electric current, while record with nanovoltmeter the variation of voltage between No. 2 probes and No. 3 probes；Finally n group numbers are gathered with data acquisition device
The electrical conductivity for obtaining plate test coupon is calculated according to and with formula (1-1)；
In formula：σ is the electrical conductivity of plate test coupon, and ρ is the resistivity of plate test coupon, the electric current that I exports for constant-current source, S 2
The distance between number probe and No. 3 probes, UiFor the electricity between No. 2 probes of data acquisition device ith acquisition and No. 3 probes
Pressure, W, H are respectively the width and thickness of plate test coupon, and n is the data group number of acquisition, and i represents the acquisition of Current data acquisition device
The group number number of data；
Step 3：The excitation coil of detection method of eddy and detection coil are placed first above plate test coupon, and utilizes signal
Generator generates the sinusoidal excitation signal of predeterminated frequency, amplifies the sinusoidal excitation signal by power amplifier and is applied to excitation
Coil；Then the voltage signal that mutually amplified detection coil is locked by lock-in amplifier, detection are gathered with data acquisition device
Shown in the calculation formula such as formula (1-2) of the voltage signal V of coil,
J in formulaeFor the vortex density in plate test coupon, EsFor the electric field strength of ource electric current field, respectively by formula (1-3) and formula
(1-4) is calculated；IpTo flow through the electric current of detection coil, cond. represents the area of space residing for detection coil；
Je=-j ω σ Ar (1-3)
In formula ω be sinusoidal excitation signal angular frequency, σ be plate test coupon electrical conductivity, ArIt is and the relevant arrow in vortex field
Measure magnetic potential；
Wherein σ be plate test coupon electrical conductivity, μ be plate test coupon magnetic conductivity, AsFor in excitation coil excitation electricity
Flow relevant vector magnetic potential；
Step 4：In step 3 by eddy current testing device measure detection coil voltage signal V and plate test coupon conductance
Rate σ is related with magnetic permeability μ, and the conductivityσ of plate test coupon can be measured by the dc-bit method in step 2, then plate test coupon
Magnetic permeability μ is by obtaining the voltage signal V for detecting coil using conjugate gradient method inverting.
Compared to the prior art, advantages of the present invention is as follows：
1) present invention proposes a kind of material electromagnetic attributes measuring method based on DC potential and detection method of eddy, with biography
System measuring method is compared, and the method for the present invention can measure the electrical conductivity and magnetic conductivity of magnetic material simultaneously；
2) compared with the electrical conductivity of traditional magnetic material and permeability measurement method, the excitation coil of the method for the present invention swashs
Frequency-adjustable is encouraged, when the parameter of magnetic characteristic of particularly ferrimagnet changes with driving frequency, this method can measure different frequency
The permeability characteristics of lower ferrimagnet；In addition, the detection sensitivity of the method for the present invention is higher, experimental system builds simplicity, behaviour
Make simply, to be with a wide range of applications.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the dc-bit method system and each component connection diagram of eddy detection system applied in the present invention；
Fig. 2 illustrates for the position of excitation coil and detection coil in test specimen schematic diagram used in the present invention and EDDY CURRENT
Figure.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description：
For test specimen as shown in Figure 2, the detecting step of the method for the present invention is：The reality that this method as shown in Figure 1 uses
Experiment device is made of DC potential subtraction unit and EDDY CURRENT subtraction unit.DC potential subtraction unit is by constant-current source, nanovoltmeter, scanning
Platform, data acquisition device and four probes composition, connection mode as shown in Figure 1 is by constant-current source and No. 1 probe and No. 4 probe phases
Even, constant current is applied to it, nanovoltmeter is connected with No. 2 probes and No. 3 probes, measures the voltage between it, data acquisition dress
It puts and is connected with scan table, nanovoltmeter.Eddy current detection method device is by signal generator, power amplifier, lock-in amplifier, data
Harvester, excitation coil and detection coil composition, wherein signal generator is connected with power amplifier and lock-in amplifier, swashs
Coil to be encouraged with power amplifier to be connected, detection coil is connected with lock-in amplifier, and data acquisition device is connected with lock-in amplifier,
Sinusoidal signal excitation is applied to excitation coil by signal generator, power amplifier, then detection line is gathered with lock-in amplifier
The voltage signal of circle.
When realizing this method, test specimen to be measured is placed on scan table first, and four probes are positioned over test specimen upper table
Face applies constant currents with constant-current source to wherein No. 1 probe and No. 4 probes, with nanovoltmeter measure No. 2 probes and No. 3 probes it
Between voltage, the voltage signal collected by data acquisition device, the current signal of constant-current source output and the size of test specimen can
The electrical conductivity of test specimen is calculated；Then sinusoidal signal excitation is applied to excitation coil by signal generator, power amplifier,
The voltage signal of detection coil is gathered with lock-in amplifier again；Due to the voltage signal of detection coil and the electrical conductivity of test specimen
It is related with magnetic conductivity, so can lead on the premise of test specimen electrical conductivity is measured by dc-bit method to vortex detecting signal
Cross the magnetic conductivity that conjugate gradient method inverting acquires material.The present invention is made with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 specific embodiment further
It is described in detail.
A kind of material electromagnetic attributes measuring method based on DC potential and detection method of eddy, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Experimental provision is built, which is made of DC potential subtraction unit and EDDY CURRENT subtraction unit, directly
Galvanic electricity position subtraction unit is by constant-current source, nanovoltmeter, scan table, data acquisition device and four probe groups being arranged on scan table
Into four probes respectively are No. 1 probe, No. 2 probes, No. 3 probes and No. 4 probes, wherein constant-current source and No. 1 probe and 4
Number probe is connected, its is given to apply constant current, and nanovoltmeter is connected with No. 2 probes and No. 3 probes, measures the voltage between it, several
It is connected according to harvester with scan table, nanovoltmeter；Eddy current detection method device is mutually put by signal generator, power amplifier, lock
Big device, data acquisition device, excitation coil and detection coil composition, wherein signal generator mutually amplify with power amplifier and lock
Device is connected, and excitation coil is connected with power amplifier, and detection coil is connected with lock-in amplifier, and data acquisition device is mutually put with lock
Big device is connected, and applies sinusoidal signal excitation to excitation coil by signal generator, power amplifier, then is adopted with lock-in amplifier
The voltage signal of collection detection coil；
Step 2：Test specimen is processed into plate test coupon of the length more than thickness, and the plate test coupon that will be processed first
It is fixed on scan table；On the central axes of plate test coupon equidistantly fix dc-bit method four probes, and ensure probe with
The distance between probe is more than the width and thickness of plate test coupon；Then applied with constant-current source to No. 1 probe and No. 4 probes constant
Electric current, while record with nanovoltmeter the variation of voltage between No. 2 probes and No. 3 probes；Finally n group numbers are gathered with data acquisition device
The electrical conductivity for obtaining plate test coupon is calculated according to and with formula (1-1)；
In formula：σ is the electrical conductivity of plate test coupon, and ρ is the resistivity of plate test coupon, the electric current that I exports for constant-current source, S 2
The distance between number probe and No. 3 probes, UiFor the electricity between No. 2 probes of data acquisition device ith acquisition and No. 3 probes
Pressure, W, H are respectively the width and thickness of plate test coupon, and n is the data group number of acquisition, and i represents the acquisition of Current data acquisition device
The group number number of data；
Step 3：The excitation coil of detection method of eddy and detection coil are placed first above plate test coupon, and utilizes signal
Generator generates the sinusoidal excitation signal of predeterminated frequency, amplifies the sinusoidal excitation signal by power amplifier and is applied to excitation
Coil；Then the voltage signal that mutually amplified detection coil is locked by lock-in amplifier, detection are gathered with data acquisition device
Shown in the calculation formula such as formula (1-2) of the voltage signal V of coil,
J in formulaeFor the vortex density in plate test coupon, EsFor the electric field strength of ource electric current field, respectively by formula (1-3) and formula
(1-4) is calculated；IpTo flow through the electric current of detection coil, cond. represents the area of space residing for detection coil；
Je=-j ω σ Ar (1-3)
In formula ω be sinusoidal excitation signal angular frequency, σ be plate test coupon electrical conductivity, ArIt is and the relevant arrow in vortex field
Measure magnetic potential；
Wherein σ be plate test coupon electrical conductivity, μ be plate test coupon magnetic conductivity, AsFor in excitation coil excitation electricity
Flow relevant vector magnetic potential；
Step 4：In step 3 by eddy current testing device measure detection coil voltage signal V and plate test coupon conductance
Rate σ is related with magnetic permeability μ, and the conductivityσ of plate test coupon can be measured by the dc-bit method in step 2, then plate test coupon
Magnetic permeability μ is by obtaining the voltage signal V for detecting coil using conjugate gradient method inverting.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of material electromagnetic attributes measuring method based on DC potential and detection method of eddy, it is characterised in that：Including as follows
Step：
Step 1：Experimental provision is built, which is made of DC potential subtraction unit and EDDY CURRENT subtraction unit, direct current
Position subtraction unit is made of constant-current source, nanovoltmeter, scan table, data acquisition device and four probes being arranged on scan table, and four
A probe respectively is No. 1 probe, No. 2 probes, No. 3 probes and No. 4 probes, wherein constant-current source and No. 1 probe and No. 4 probes
It is connected, applies constant current to it, nanovoltmeter is connected with No. 2 probes and No. 3 probes, measures the voltage between it, data acquisition
Device is connected with scan table, nanovoltmeter；Eddy current detection method device is by signal generator, power amplifier, lock-in amplifier, number
According to harvester, excitation coil and detection coil composition, wherein signal generator is connected with power amplifier and lock-in amplifier,
Excitation coil is connected with power amplifier, and detection coil is connected with lock-in amplifier, data acquisition device and lock-in amplifier phase
Even, apply sinusoidal signal excitation by signal generator, power amplifier to excitation coil, then gathered and detected with lock-in amplifier
The voltage signal of coil；
Step 2：Test specimen is processed into length first and is more than the plate test coupon of thickness, and the plate test coupon processed is fixed
On scan table；Four probes of dc-bit method are equidistantly fixed on the central axes of plate test coupon, and ensure probe and probe
The distance between be more than plate test coupon width and thickness；Then constant electricity is applied to No. 1 probe and No. 4 probes with constant-current source
It flows, while the variation of voltage between No. 2 probes and No. 3 probes is recorded with nanovoltmeter；Finally n group data are gathered with data acquisition device
And the electrical conductivity for obtaining plate test coupon is calculated with formula (1-1)；
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<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
In formula：σ is the electrical conductivity of plate test coupon, and ρ is the resistivity of plate test coupon, and I is the electric current of constant-current source output, and S is No. 2 spies
The distance between pin and No. 3 probes, UiVoltage between No. 2 probes and No. 3 probes that are gathered for data acquisition device ith,
W, H is respectively the width and thickness of plate test coupon, and n is the data group number of acquisition, and i represents Current data acquisition device gathered data
Group number number；
Step 3：The excitation coil of detection method of eddy and detection coil are placed first above plate test coupon, and utilizes signal
Device generates the sinusoidal excitation signal of predeterminated frequency, amplifies the sinusoidal excitation signal by power amplifier and is applied to excitation line
Circle；Then the voltage signal that mutually amplified detection coil is locked by lock-in amplifier is gathered with data acquisition device, detects line
Shown in the calculation formula such as formula (1-2) of the voltage signal V of circle,
<mrow>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<msub>
<mo>&Integral;</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>c</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
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<mi>J</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
</msub>
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J in formulaeFor the vortex density in plate test coupon, EsFor the electric field strength of ource electric current field, respectively by formula (1-3) and formula (1-4)
It is calculated；IpTo flow through the electric current of detection coil, cond. represents the area of space residing for detection coil；
Je=-j ω σ Ar (1-3)
In formula ω be sinusoidal excitation signal angular frequency, σ be plate test coupon electrical conductivity, ArIt is and the relevant vector magnetic in vortex field
Position；
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<mi>E</mi>
<mi>s</mi>
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<mi>&sigma;</mi>
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<mo>&times;</mo>
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<mi>&mu;</mi>
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Wherein σ be plate test coupon electrical conductivity, μ be plate test coupon magnetic conductivity, AsTo be related to the exciting current in excitation coil
Vector magnetic potential；
Step 4：In step 3 by eddy current testing device measure detection coil voltage signal V and plate test coupon conductivityσ and
Magnetic permeability μ is related, and the conductivityσ of plate test coupon can be measured by the dc-bit method in step 2, then the magnetic conductivity of plate test coupon
μ is by obtaining the voltage signal V for detecting coil using conjugate gradient method inverting.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN109490410A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-19 | 西安交通大学 | Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) multifrequency Eddy quantitative evaluation method under residual stress effect |
| CN117907426A (en) * | 2024-03-18 | 2024-04-19 | 电子科技大学 | Metal vortex nondestructive testing method based on gradient method feature analysis |
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