CN108040749A - A kind of ecology planting method of edible mushroom - Google Patents
A kind of ecology planting method of edible mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN108040749A CN108040749A CN201711266662.3A CN201711266662A CN108040749A CN 108040749 A CN108040749 A CN 108040749A CN 201711266662 A CN201711266662 A CN 201711266662A CN 108040749 A CN108040749 A CN 108040749A
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Abstract
The application provides a kind of ecological circulation implantation methods of edible mushroom, the described method includes：Edible mushroom used medium is prepared according to the component of following weight proportion：20 38 parts by weight of mulberry wood chips, 32 45 parts by weight of poplar bits, 10 15 parts by weight of wheat bran, 0.2 0.5 parts by weight of 12 18 parts by weight of corn flour, 12 parts by weight of lime and composite fertilizer.Gained mushroom bran is mixed with activated sludge, urea after picking edible mushroom, puts into and biogas is produced in methane-generating pit.The biogas slurry that methane-generating pit generates is for the foliage spray fertilising of mulberry and poplar, and biogas residue is for the fertilising of the root of mulberry and poplar.The application is raw material culture edible mushroom, mushroom bran anaerobic fermentation generation biogas, biogas residue and biogas slurry as fertilizer by the use of mulberry and poplar and is supplied to the mode development ecological circulation economy that a series of cycles such as the plantation of mulberry and poplar are planted, avoid the unreasonable using the waste formed of ramulus mori, waste material, waste residue for being generated in cyclic process etc. are rationally utilized, and the edible mushroom of production, biogas have direct economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological circulation field of planting, and in particular to a kind of ecology planting method of edible mushroom.
Background technology
With the development of people's living standard, the food demand amount of green non-pollution gradually increases.Edible mushroom is that one kind has
Machine, nutrition, the pollution-free food of health care, wherein rich in protein, various celluloses, and fat content is relatively low, edible mushroom species is rich
Richness, mainly there is oyster mushroom, coprinus comatus, agaric, Pleurotus eryngii and straw mushroom etc., and development mushroom industry meets people and consumes growth and agricultural
The needs of sustainable development.
Mushroom industry raw material mainly has cotton seed hulls, stalk, straw etc., due to the fast development of mushroom industry, tradition
The quick consumption of raw material such as cotton seed hulls causes its rise in price, and the mushroom industry raw material for seeking that traditional raw material can be substituted is mesh
Preceding problem to be solved.On the other hand, the waste material after Edible Fungi --- mushroom bran is more and more, and mushroom bran is often lost everywhere
It abandons or burns, be not reasonably utilized.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of ecology planting method of edible mushroom, to solve mushroom industry insufficient raw material and mushroom bran obtains not
To reasonable the problem of utilizing.
A kind of ecological circulation implantation methods of edible mushroom, comprise the following steps：
Bacterium is cultivated, the planting edible mushroom is in by including mulberry wood chips, poplar bits, wheat bran, corn flour and lime system
In standby culture medium；Pick the edible mushroom；The mushroom bran after the edible mushroom will be picked to mix with activated sludge, then to mixture
Urea is added in system, obtained mixed material is put into, anaerobic fermentation is carried out in methane-generating pit, biogas and natural pond fertilizer is made；Collect natural pond
Natural pond fertilizer is carried out separation of solid and liquid, obtains biogas residue and biogas slurry by gas and natural pond fertilizer；It is the body of biogas slurry by volume by the biogas slurry and water
Product:Volume=1 of water:(10-20) is mixed, and mixed system is for the foliage spray fertilising of mulberry and poplar, the biogas residue
It applies fertilizer for the root of mulberry and poplar.
Further, the culture medium is made of the component of following weight proportion：Mulberry wood chips 20-38 parts by weight, poplar bits
32-45 parts by weight, wheat bran 10-15 parts by weight, corn flour 12-18 parts by weight, lime 1-2 parts by weight and composite fertilizer 0.2-0.5
Parts by weight.
Further, the mulberry wood chips and the grain size of poplar bits are 3-6mm.
Further, the mulberry wood chips or poplar bits component pass through sofening treatment before culture medium is used to prepare, described
The method of sofening treatment includes：Mulberry wood chips or poplar bits are stacked at 25 ± 5 DEG C of temperature, are fermented in the environment of humidity 70 ± 10%
3-5 months.
Further, the preparation method of the culture medium includes：It is weighed by the weight proportion and is used to prepare culture medium
Each component, mixing；Into mixed component plus water, stirring adjust mixed system pH value 9-10 obtained by after stirring, moisture content
55-60%；7 × 35 × 0.04cm high-density polyethylene plastics bags are distributed by every bag of 0.4-0.5kg, are sealed after pack；It will dress
The high-density polyethylene plastics bag for having mixed system carries out high-temperature sterilization processing 10-12h at 100-102 DEG C.
Further, the implantation methods of the edible mushroom include：In 25-27 DEG C of temperature, relative air humidity 60-70%
In the environment of, edible fungus species are evenly laid out in media surface, the surface void rate of culture medium is controlled in 20-30%；Bacterium
After filament length goes out, 18-25 DEG C of environment temperature is controlled, relative air humidity 85-90% keeps wind speed 0.3-0.6m/s.
Further, the mushroom bran is mixed to get mixed system with activated sludge, and urea is added into mixed system, adjusts
Weight percent of the solid constituent in mixed material is 2-2.5%.
From above technical scheme, the application provides a kind of ecological circulation implantation methods of edible mushroom, the method bag
It includes：Edible mushroom used medium is prepared, the Media Components include the component of following weight proportion：Mulberry wood chips 20-38 weight
Part, poplar bits 32-45 parts by weight, wheat bran 10-15 parts by weight, corn flour 12-18 parts by weight, lime 1-2 parts by weight and compound
Fertile 0.2-0.5 parts by weight.Culture medium is cultivated bacterium after packing, sterilizing.The nutrient matrix picked after edible mushroom is mushroom bran,
By mushroom bran and activated sludge by volume (1-2):1 mixing, then adds urine by the siccative ratio of 2-2.5% in mixed system
Element is put into methane-generating pit as raw material and carries out anaerobic fermentation production biogas.The mixture of mushroom bran, activated sludge and urea
Tie up in methane-generating pit through microbial fermentation generate biogas after remaining substance be natural pond fertilizer, collect methane-generating pit in natural pond fertilizer, by natural pond
Fertilizer carries out separation of solid and liquid, and solid portion therein is biogas residue, and liquid portion is biogas slurry.Biogas slurry and water are pressed 1:The body of (10-20)
Product ratio is mixed, and for mixed liquid for the foliage spray fertilising of mulberry and poplar, biogas residue is used for mulberry and poplar
It applies fertilizer root.The application is raw material culture edible mushroom, mushroom bran anaerobic fermentation generation biogas, biogas residue and natural pond using mulberry and poplar
Liquid is supplied to a series of mode development ecological circulation economy of Xun Huan plantations such as the plantation of mulberry and poplar, this life as fertilizer
State circulation development pattern avoids the unreasonable equal using the waste formed, the waste material generated in cyclic process, waste residue etc. of ramulus mori
It is rationally utilized, and the edible mushroom of production, biogas have direct economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
The application provides a kind of ecological circulation implantation methods of edible mushroom, comprises the following steps：
Edible mushroom used medium is prepared, the Media Components include the component of following weight proportion：Mulberry wood chips 20-38
Parts by weight, poplar bits 32-45 parts by weight, wheat bran 10-15 parts by weight, corn flour 12-18 parts by weight, lime 1-2 parts by weight and
Composite fertilizer's 0.2-0.5 parts by weight；Bacterium is cultivated on the culture medium；The culture medium picked after edible mushroom is mushroom bran, will
Mushroom bran and activated sludge are by volume (1-2):1 mixing, then urea is added into mixed system, obtained mixture is put into
Anaerobic fermentation is carried out in methane-generating pit；The mixed system of mushroom bran, activated sludge and urea generates in methane-generating pit through microbial fermentation
Remaining substance is natural pond fertilizer after biogas, collects the natural pond fertilizer in methane-generating pit, and natural pond fertilizer is carried out separation of solid and liquid, solid portion therein
For biogas residue, liquid portion is biogas slurry；It is the volume of biogas slurry by volume by the biogas slurry and water:Volume=1 of water:(10-20)
Mixing, mixed system are applied fertilizer for the foliage spray of mulberry and poplar, and the biogas residue is used for the root of mulberry and poplar
Fertilising.
Ramulus mori is the tiny branch on mulberry, and a large amount of ramulus moris can draw excessive nutritional ingredient, influence the life of mulberry trunk
Long, so needing to trim ramulus mori, the ramulus mori trimmed is often used for burning, and is not utilized effectively.Similarly, poplar
Poplar branch on wood is also required to be trimmed to about.The application is by the use of the ramulus mori trimmed and poplar branch as the group for preparing culture medium of edible fungus
Point, forest tree resource need not be cut down, that is, protect forest tree resource, and the branch trimmed can be made to obtain reasonable profit
With.At present, per 667m2Mulberry field can be cut every year cuts down fresh branch about 1t, obtains dry mulberry branch 0.5t.With the substantially former of edible fungus culturing
Material cotton seed hulls is compared, and is had the advantage that using mulberry branch culturing edible fungus：First, since the mostly of mulberry field application are that low toxicity is low residual
Pesticide is stayed, and amount of application is few, mulberry branch pesticide residue is less；Second is that cellulose, lignin ratio are moderate in mulberry branch, it is suitable for
The growth of the edible mushroom of major part clinker cultivation absolutely, has extensive adaptability；Third, mulberry branch is of low cost, ramulus mori per ton is done
The purchases of bits, processing cost are less than 1400 yuan, and the 50% of only current cotton seed hulls price.
Optionally, since mulberry wood chips and poplar bits quality are harder, sharper, direct spice pack easily punctures hermetic bag and makes
Into infection, the mulberry wood chips and poplar bits component are softened before culture medium is used to prepare, the mulberry wood chips or poplar bits
Softening method is：Mulberry wood chips or poplar bits air storage are fermented in the environment of 25 ± 5 DEG C of temperature, humidity 70 ± 10%
Softening can be used to prepare culture medium after 3-5 months.Mulberry wood chips or poplar bits are softened together with its harder tip,
In cellulose, lignin etc. be retained in sawdust, reduced when will not soften because fermenting.Mulberry wood chips or poplar bits after softening
During for making culture medium, tip portion is original tough and tensile since emollescence loses, with polyethylene plastic bag outer wall
Bending occurs after contact without generating destruction.
Optionally, the grain size of mulberry wood chips, poplar bits, wheat bran and corn flour is respectively 3-6mm, if grain size is more than 6mm, training
Larger gap is generated between foster base each component, is readily incorporated miscellaneous bacteria；If selected component grain size is less than 3mm, accumulated between each component
It is overstocked, it is unfavorable for the growth after edible fungi inoculation.Each component choose, it is ready after, uniformly mixed according to the weight proportion
Batch mixing is formed, on the other hand, lime adds water to obtain limewash after stirring evenly, limewash is sprayed onto on charge level and continues to stir,
After stirring evenly, adjusting water content is 55-60%, PH 9-10.The excessively high easy growth miscellaneous bacteria of water content, it is too low to be unfavorable for eating
The growth of bacterium, therefore water content need to be controlled in 55-60%.PH value is too low, i.e., in the case of culture medium meta-acid, also easily grows miscellaneous
Bacterium, therefore pH value need to be controlled between 9-10.If mixture water content or the PH deficiency obtained after stirring, continues to increase limewash
Dosage, until culture medium water content and PH fall into claimed range.
Wheat bran, corn flour belong to organic fertilizer, and organic fertilizer content of cellulose is higher, and wherein wheat bran containing cellulose is up to 18%,
In addition, it can also be provided containing various nutriments such as abundant proteins,vitamins,mineralses for the growth of hypha of edible fungus
Comprehensive nutrition supply, the ingredient of composite fertilizer are the substances easily absorbed by mycelia, and composite fertilizer's main component is
Diammonium phosphate (DAP), in the medium, the additive amount of composite fertilizer are calculated as 0.2-0.5 parts by weight by weight, if addition is more than 0.5 weight
Part is measured, it is bad to be easy to cause mycelial growth.
Optionally, gained mixed system is distributed into hermetic bag after stirring evenly, and the hermetic bag selects 17 × 35 ×
The high-density polyethylene plastics bag of 0.04cm, when pack, notice that the elasticity of material in bag is moderate, per sacked material 0.4-0.5kg,
If being more than 0.5kg per sacked material, polybag is mixed system and is full of, influences gas permeability, cause bacterium germination rate slow, if per packed
Material is less than 0.4kg, then is easy to cause living contaminants.After splitting, at 100-102 DEG C carry out high-temperature sterilization processing, sterilizing be by
All living things in material bag utilize the process that thermal energy is killed, and carry out normal-pressure sterilization using arcola, generally require constant temperature 10-
12h could remove all miscellaneous bacterias.This sterilization method capacity is big, it is easy to operate, substantially reduce labor intensity, sterilization quality
Well, the time is short, turnover is fast and removable, easy to use, convenient for being factory produced.
After sterilization treatment, can be inoculated with, before inoculation, strain, inoculating tool need to be put into transfer room formaldehyde and
Potassium permanganate sterilizes.Operating personnel require to wear emgloves sterilized, after sterilizing, into transfer room before, it is necessary to behaviour
Make personnel and carry out disinfection by ultraviolet light.In seeded process, it is desirable that 25-27 DEG C of environment temperature, relative air humidity 60-70%.With
Inoculating tool after disinfection takes out strain, is seeded on culture medium, strain is with thin layer uniform fold on culture medium
For standard, then control media surface voidage covers the scraps of paper, tightening the scraps of paper with rubber band seals in 20-30%.
Optionally, after edible fungi inoculation, indoor environment temperature is controlled at 18-25 DEG C, relative humidity 85-90%, keeps light
Line is dim, gradually breaks up in this stage former base.After the former base of differentiation forms young shoot, interior will have enough scattering light, keep empty
Air humidity moistens, and appropriate ventilation.Young shoot is into finished product growth course, it is necessary to increase water spray number daily, raising humidity to 90-
95%, fully to meet requirement of the edible fungi growth to moisture, ensure edible mushroom normal development.Edible fungi growth is divided into ripe to eight
After can be harvested, then carry out next round cultivation.
Culture medium after edible mushroom collection is mushroom bran, and herein described mushroom bran contains the protein of 6-10%, 15-25%
Cellulose, these protein, cellulose form more small molecule hydrolysate after edible mushroom is decomposed, and small molecule hydrolysate holds
It is easily utilized by microorganism, microorganism can be promoted to grow also containing growth factors such as iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium in mushroom bran in addition, therefore bacterium
Chaff can be as a kind of very good material of biogas production.The waste and dirt of mushroom bran can not only be solved using mushroom bran fermentation and biogas production
Dye problem, but also the high heating value energy can be obtained.
The application by the mushroom bran and activated sludge by volume (1-2):1 mixes, micro- containing what is enriched in activated sludge
The macromolecular substances such as protein can be converted into biogas by biology using the decomposition of these microorganisms, fermentation.Due to mushroom bran
Middle content of cellulose is higher, and protein content is low, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is high, is unfavorable for microorganism growth, so needing in mushroom bran and activity
Urea is added in the mixed system of sludge and adjusts carbon-nitrogen ratio.By the siccative of 2-2.5% than the mixture in mushroom bran and activated sludge
Urea is added in system, carbon-nitrogen ratio can be adjusted to (20-30):1, provide suitable environment for the decomposing and fermenting of microorganism.Add
After the urea of proper proportion is added to adjust carbon-nitrogen ratio, microorganism species growth is vigorous, generates a large amount of small molecule hydrolysates, easily quilt
Methane backeria is using methane is generated, and on the other hand, compared with the anaerobic fermentation of single material, the anaerobic fermentation of mixed material, which has, to be adjusted
The advantages such as substrate nutrition, buffer system acid environment are saved, are conducive to increase biogas output.
The percentage that solid constituent in the mushroom bran, activated sludge and urea accounts for mixed material total weight is siccative
Than.If siccative ratio is less than 2%, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mixed system is excessively high, is easy to cause mushroom bran acidifying, and the mushroom bran of acidifying is present with largely
Miscellaneous bacteria can make mixed system decomposite oxygen, then can not form anaerobic environment.If siccative ratio is more than 2.5%, carbon-nitrogen ratio mistake
It is low, also it is unfavorable for the growth of microorganism.According to the siccative of 2-2.5% than adding in urine into the mixed system of mushroom bran and activated sludge
, it is necessary to be stirred evenly urea and mixed system with agitating device after element, urea is prevented to be gathered in a certain specific region, causes natural pond
The unbalanced problem of carbon-nitrogen ratio inside gas pond.After mixing, methane-generating pit is sealed, anaerobism can be carried out under normal temperature state
Fermentation.
The purposes of biogas mainly has following three kinds：First, instead of natural gas；Second is that for generating electricity；Third, for biogas lamp.
Resident near methane-generating pit can replace natural gas with biogas, and compared with than natural gas and liquefied gas, biogas is totally smokeless, help
Resident reduces increasingly expensive fuel expenditure.Marsh gas power generation can supply the pressure that resident has a power failure emergent alleviation peak of power consumption.Separately
Outside, mulberry and poplar forest land are spacious, and no lighting installation is unfavorable for night management, if setting biogas lamp that can solve in forest land
Lighting problem, biogas lamp are applied equally to the illumination of residential block.Mushroom bran generates biogas with activated sludge anaerobic fermentation, therein
Sludge activity slowly weakens with the progress of fermentation, and after sludge activity weakens, the methane quantity that methane-generating pit generates will be reduced therewith,
The biogas residue that will be generated in methane-generating pit and biogas slurry is thus needed to collect, carries out feeding intake for a new round.
The mixed system of mushroom bran, activated sludge and urea remaining object after microbial fermentation generates biogas in methane-generating pit
Matter be natural pond fertilizer, collect methane-generating pit in natural pond fertilizer, by natural pond fertilizer carry out separation of solid and liquid, solid portion therein be biogas residue, liquid portion
It is divided into biogas slurry.The constituent contents such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium enrich in herein described biogas residue and biogas slurry, and this half biogas residue decomposed is using
It also may proceed to decompose in the process, more nutriment can be provided for the plantation of mulberry, poplar.In addition, for compared to finished product chemical fertilizer,
Biogas residue is small to the harm of soil, soil constituent will not be caused to be widely varied.There are many salts substances in biogas residue, soil can be improved
The organic principle of earth makes soil be more applicable for the plantation of mulberry, poplar.The biogas slurry is by volume the body of biogas slurry with water
Product:Volume=1 of water:(10-20) is mixed, and mixed system is applied fertilizer for foliage spray.When allocating lettuce, if
It applies fertilizer in mulberry and poplar seedling period, the ratio of biogas slurry and water will be controlled 1:20, mulberry and poplar are ripe after some, ratio
1 can be increased to:10, fusion proportioning is carried out after determining water and biogas slurry ratio, needs to wait 10h afterwards, solid in biogas slurry
Deposit filters out, and biogas slurry is placed in spray bottle, you can directly applies fertilizer to the blade face of mulberry and poplar.
The application is described in further detail with reference to embodiment：
Embodiment 1
A kind of ecology planting method of edible mushroom, prepares edible mushroom used medium first, is weighed by following weight proportion
Culture medium each component：Mulberry wood chips 20kg, poplar bits 32kg, wheat bran 10kg, corn flour 12kg, lime 1kg and composite fertilizer
0.2kg is adjusted water content to 55%, pH value adjustment to 9.The mulberry wood chips or poplar bits component are before culture medium is used to prepare
Softened, the softening method is：Mulberry wood chips or poplar bits are stacked at 20 DEG C of temperature, are sent out in the environment of humidity 60%
Ferment softens, and can be used to prepare culture medium after 3 months.
The each component for being used to prepare culture medium is uniformly mixed, it is highly dense to be distributed into 17 × 35 × 0.04cm by every bag of 0.4kg
Spend polyethylene plastic bag.After pack, high-temperature sterilization processing 10h is carried out at 100 DEG C, then in 25 DEG C of temperature, air is relatively wet
It spends in the environment of 60%, flat mushroom strain is evenly laid out in media surface, the surface void rate of culture medium is controlled 20%.
After mycelia grows, control environment temperature keeps wind speed 0.3m/s, treats oyster mushroom length to eight points in 18 DEG C, relative air humidity 85%
It can be picked after ripe.The nutrient matrix picked after oyster mushroom is mushroom bran, by mushroom bran and activated sludge by volume 1:1 is mixed
It closes, urea is then added in mixed system by 2% siccative ratio, progress anaerobism hair in methane-generating pit is put into as raw material
Ferment produces biogas.
The mixed system of mushroom bran, activated sludge and urea remaining object after microbial fermentation generates biogas in methane-generating pit
Matter be natural pond fertilizer, collect methane-generating pit in natural pond fertilizer, by natural pond fertilizer carry out separation of solid and liquid, solid portion therein be biogas residue, liquid portion
It is divided into biogas slurry.Biogas slurry presses 1 with water:10 volume ratio is mixed, and mixed liquid is used for the foliage spray of mulberry and poplar
Fertilising, biogas residue is for the fertilising of the root of mulberry and poplar.
The technical solution recorded through this embodiment, produces oyster mushroom 5000kg per year, and the mushroom bran after oyster mushroom harvesting is used to produce natural pond
Gas, biogas annual output generate heat 1.0 × 10 up to 4000L8KJ, natural pond fertilizer are completely used for the plantation of mulberry and poplar, trees
Annual diameter increment is 1.5mm, and the ecological circulation implantation methods of oyster mushroom solve bacterium in the process without additional discarded object
The recycling problem of chaff.
Embodiment 2
A kind of ecology planting method of edible mushroom, prepares edible mushroom used medium first, is weighed by following weight proportion
Culture medium each component：Mulberry wood chips 38kg, poplar bits 45kg, wheat bran 15kg, corn flour 18kg, lime 2kg and composite fertilizer
0.5kg is adjusted water content to 60%, pH value adjustment to 10.The mulberry wood chips or poplar bits component are being used to prepare culture medium
Preceding to be softened, the softening method is：Mulberry wood chips or poplar bits are stacked at 30 DEG C of temperature, are carried out in the environment of humidity 80%
Fermentation softening, can be used to prepare culture medium after 5 months.
The each component for being used to prepare culture medium is uniformly mixed, it is highly dense to be distributed into 17 × 35 × 0.04cm by every bag of 0.5kg
Spend polyethylene plastic bag.After pack, high-temperature sterilization processing 12h is carried out at 102 DEG C, then in 27 DEG C of temperature, air is relatively wet
It spends in the environment of 70%, pleurotus eryngii quel strains are evenly laid out in media surface, the surface void rate of culture medium is controlled to exist
30%.After mycelia grows, control environment temperature keeps wind speed 0.6m/s, treats Pleurotus eryngii length to eight in 25 DEG C, relative humidity 90%
It can be picked after point ripe.The nutrient matrix picked after Pleurotus eryngii is mushroom bran, by mushroom bran and activated sludge by volume 2:1
Mixing, then adds urea by 2.5% siccative ratio in mixed system, puts into methane-generating pit and detested as raw material
Aerobe fermentation produces biogas.
The mixed system of mushroom bran, activated sludge and urea remaining object after microbial fermentation generates biogas in methane-generating pit
Matter be natural pond fertilizer, collect methane-generating pit in natural pond fertilizer, by natural pond fertilizer carry out separation of solid and liquid, solid portion therein be biogas residue, liquid portion
It is divided into biogas slurry.Biogas slurry presses 1 with water:20 volume ratio is mixed, and mixed liquid is used for the foliage spray of mulberry and poplar
Fertilising, in addition, biogas residue is for the fertilising of the root of mulberry and poplar.
The technical solution recorded through this embodiment, produces Pleurotus eryngii 5500kg per year, and the mushroom bran after Pleurotus eryngii harvesting is used to give birth to
Biogas is produced, biogas annual output generates heat 5.5 × 10 up to 6000L8KJ, natural pond fertilizer are completely used for the plantation of mulberry and poplar,
Trees annual diameter increment is 2.0mm, and the ecological circulation implantation methods of Pleurotus eryngii are in the process without additional discarded object, solution
The recycling problem for mushroom bran of having determined.
Embodiment 3
A kind of ecology planting method of edible mushroom, prepares edible mushroom used medium first, is weighed by following weight proportion
Culture medium each component：Mulberry wood chips 30kg, poplar bits 40kg, wheat bran 13kg, corn flour 15kg, lime 1.5kg and composite fertilizer
0.3kg is adjusted water content to 58%, pH value adjustment to 9.The mulberry wood chips or poplar bits component are before culture medium is used to prepare
Softened, the softening method is：Mulberry wood chips or poplar bits are stacked at 25 DEG C of temperature, are sent out in the environment of humidity 70%
Ferment softens, and can be used to prepare culture medium after 4 months.
The each component for being used to prepare culture medium is uniformly mixed, it is highly dense to be distributed into 17 × 35 × 0.04cm by every bag of 0.45kg
Spend polyethylene plastic bag.After pack, high-temperature sterilization processing 11h is carried out at 100 DEG C, then in 26 DEG C of temperature, air is relatively wet
It spends in the environment of 65%, strain of coprinus comatus is evenly laid out in media surface, and the surface void rate for controlling culture medium is
25%.After mycelia grows, control environment temperature keeps wind speed 0.4m/s, treats that coprinus comatus is grown to eight in 20 DEG C, relative humidity 88%
It can be picked after point ripe.The nutrient matrix picked after coprinus comatus is mushroom bran, by mushroom bran and activated sludge by volume 1:1
Mixing, then adds urea by 2% siccative ratio in mixed system, is put into as raw material and anaerobism is carried out in methane-generating pit
Fermentation and biogas production.
The mixed system of mushroom bran, activated sludge and urea remaining object after microbial fermentation generates biogas in methane-generating pit
Matter be natural pond fertilizer, collect methane-generating pit in natural pond fertilizer, by natural pond fertilizer carry out separation of solid and liquid, solid portion therein be biogas residue, liquid portion
It is divided into biogas slurry.Biogas slurry presses 1 with water:10 volume ratio is mixed, and mixed liquid is used for the foliage spray of mulberry and poplar
Fertilising, in addition, biogas residue is for the fertilising of the root of mulberry and poplar.
The technical solution recorded through this embodiment, produces coprinus comatus 5800kg per year, and the mushroom bran after coprinus comatus harvesting is used to give birth to
Biogas is produced, biogas annual output generates heat 3.5 × 10 up to 5000L8KJ, natural pond fertilizer are completely used for the plantation of mulberry and poplar,
Trees annual diameter increment is 1.8mm, and the ecological circulation implantation methods of coprinus comatus are in the process without additional discarded object, solution
The recycling problem for mushroom bran of having determined.
Embodiment 4
A kind of ecology planting method of edible mushroom, prepares edible mushroom used medium first, is weighed by following weight proportion
Culture medium each component：Mulberry wood chips 28kg, poplar bits 43kg, wheat bran 11kg, corn flour 14kg, lime 1.2kg and composite fertilizer
0.2kg is adjusted water content to 56%, pH value adjustment to 10.The mulberry wood chips or poplar bits component are being used to prepare culture medium
Preceding to be softened, the softening method is：Mulberry wood chips or poplar bits are stacked at 23 DEG C of temperature, are carried out in the environment of humidity 72%
Fermentation softening, can be used to prepare culture medium after 4 months.
The each component for being used to prepare culture medium is uniformly mixed, it is highly dense to be distributed into 17 × 35 × 0.04cm by every bag of 0.4kg
Spend polyethylene plastic bag.After pack, high-temperature sterilization processing 10h is carried out at 102 DEG C, then in 27 DEG C of temperature, air is relatively wet
It spends in the environment of 63%, edible fungus is evenly laid out in media surface, and the surface void rate for controlling culture medium is 22%.
After mycelia grows, for control environment temperature at 20 DEG C, relative humidity 86% keeps wind speed 0.5m/s, after agaric grow to eight points it is ripe after
It can be picked.The nutrient matrix picked after agaric is mushroom bran, by mushroom bran and activated sludge by volume 1:1 mixing, so
Urea is added in mixed system by 2.5% siccative ratio afterwards, is put into as raw material and anaerobic fermentation is carried out in methane-generating pit
Produce biogas.
The mixed system of mushroom bran, activated sludge and urea remaining object after microbial fermentation generates biogas in methane-generating pit
Matter be natural pond fertilizer, collect methane-generating pit in natural pond fertilizer, by natural pond fertilizer carry out separation of solid and liquid, solid portion therein be biogas residue, liquid portion
It is divided into biogas slurry.Biogas slurry presses 1 with water:20 volume ratio is mixed, and mixed liquid is used for the foliage spray of mulberry and poplar
Fertilising, in addition, biogas residue is for the fertilising of the root of mulberry and poplar.
The technical solution recorded through this embodiment, produces agaric 3000kg per year, and the mushroom bran after agaric harvesting is used to produce natural pond
Gas, biogas annual output generate heat 1.2 × 10 up to 4800L8KJ, natural pond fertilizer are completely used for the plantation of mulberry and poplar, trees
Annual diameter increment is 1.5mm, and the ecological circulation implantation methods of agaric solve bacterium in the process without additional discarded object
The recycling problem of chaff.
From above technical scheme, the application provides a kind of ecological circulation implantation methods of edible mushroom, the method bag
It includes：Edible mushroom used medium is prepared, the Media Components include the component of following weight proportion：Mulberry wood chips 20-38 weight
Part, poplar bits 32-45 parts by weight, wheat bran 10-15 parts by weight, corn flour 12-18 parts by weight, lime 1-2 parts by weight and compound
Fertile 0.2-0.5 parts by weight, culture medium are cultivated bacterium after packing, sterilizing.The nutrient matrix picked after edible mushroom is mushroom bran,
By mushroom bran and activated sludge by volume (1-2):1 mixing, then adds urine by the siccative ratio of 2-2.5% in mixed system
Element is put into methane-generating pit as raw material and carries out anaerobic fermentation production biogas.The mixture of mushroom bran, activated sludge and urea
Tie up in methane-generating pit through microbial fermentation generate biogas after remaining substance be natural pond fertilizer, collect methane-generating pit in natural pond fertilizer, by natural pond
Fertilizer carries out separation of solid and liquid, and solid portion therein is biogas residue, and liquid portion is biogas slurry.Biogas slurry and water are pressed 1:The weight of (10-20)
Amount ratio is mixed, and for mixed liquid for the foliage spray fertilising of mulberry and poplar, biogas residue is used for mulberry and poplar
It applies fertilizer root.The application is raw material culture edible mushroom, mushroom bran anaerobic fermentation generation biogas, biogas residue and natural pond using mulberry and poplar
Liquid is supplied to a series of mode development ecological circulation economy of Xun Huan plantations such as the plantation of mulberry and poplar, this life as fertilizer
State circulation development pattern avoids the unreasonable equal using the waste formed, the waste material generated in cyclic process, waste residue etc. of ramulus mori
It is rationally utilized, and the edible mushroom of production, biogas have direct economic benefit.
The application is described in detail above in association with specific embodiment and exemplary example, but these explanations are simultaneously
It is not intended that the limitation to the application.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the case of without departing from the application spirit and scope,
A variety of equivalencings, modification or improvement can be carried out to technical scheme and embodiments thereof, these each fall within the application
In the range of.The protection domain of the application is determined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. the ecological circulation implantation methods of a kind of edible mushroom, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps：
Bacterium is cultivated, the planting edible mushroom is in by including mulberry wood chips, poplar bits, wheat bran, corn flour, lime and composite fertilizer
In the culture medium of preparation；
Pick the edible mushroom；
The mushroom bran after the edible mushroom will be picked to mix with activated sludge, then urea is added into mixed system, it is mixed by what is obtained
Conjunction material, which is put into, carries out anaerobic fermentation in methane-generating pit, biogas and natural pond fertilizer is made；
Collect biogas and natural pond fertilizer；
Natural pond fertilizer is subjected to separation of solid and liquid, obtains biogas residue and biogas slurry；
It is the volume of biogas slurry by volume by the biogas slurry and water:Volume=1 of water:(10-20) is mixed, and mixed system is used
It applies fertilizer in the foliage spray of mulberry and poplar, the biogas residue is for the fertilising of the root of mulberry and poplar.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the culture medium is made of the component of following weight proportion：
Mulberry wood chips 20-38 parts by weight, poplar bits 32-45 parts by weight, wheat bran 10-15 parts by weight, corn flour 12-18 parts by weight, lime 1-2
Parts by weight and composite fertilizer's 0.2-0.5 parts by weight.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the mulberry wood chips and the grain size of poplar bits are 3-
6mm。
4. method according to any one of claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the mulberry wood chips or poplar bits component with
By sofening treatment before culture medium is prepared, the method for the sofening treatment includes：Mulberry wood chips or poplar bits are stacked at temperature
25 ± 5 DEG C are spent, is fermented in the environment of humidity 70 ± 10% 3-5 months.
5. according to the described method of any one of claim 1-4, which is characterized in that the preparation method of the culture medium includes：
Weight proportion as described in claim 2 weighs each component for being used to prepare culture medium, mixing；
Add water into mixed component, stirring adjusts gained mixed system pH value 9-10, moisture content 55-60% after stirring；
7 × 35 × 0.04cm high-density polyethylene plastics bags are distributed by every bag of 0.4-0.5kg, are sealed after pack；
High-density polyethylene plastics bag equipped with mixed system is carried out to high-temperature sterilization processing 10-12h at 100-102 DEG C.
6. according to the method any one of claim 1-5, which is characterized in that the implantation methods of the edible mushroom include：
It is in the environment of relative air humidity is 60-70%, edible fungus species are evenly laid out in culture medium in 25-27 DEG C of temperature
Surface controls the surface void rate of culture medium in 20-30%；
After mycelia grows, 18-25 DEG C of environment temperature is controlled, relative air humidity 85-90% keeps wind speed 0.3-0.6m/s.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mushroom bran and activated sludge are mixed to get mixed system,
Urea is added into mixed system, it is 2-2.5% to adjust weight percent of the solid constituent in mixed material.
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Application publication date: 20180518 |