CN108018048B - 一种负介电各项异性液晶组合物 - Google Patents

一种负介电各项异性液晶组合物 Download PDF

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CN108018048B
CN108018048B CN201711349238.5A CN201711349238A CN108018048B CN 108018048 B CN108018048 B CN 108018048B CN 201711349238 A CN201711349238 A CN 201711349238A CN 108018048 B CN108018048 B CN 108018048B
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liquid crystal
carbon atoms
crystal composition
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component
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CN108018048A (zh
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舒克伦
王明霞
刘欢
邢文晓
李正强
王一平
鲍永锋
员国良
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Shijiazhuang Chengzhi Yonghua Display Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种负介电各项异性液晶组合物，其特征在于：所述液晶组合物包含有一种或一种以上式I所示A‑R0‑B化合物作为第一组份，包含一种或一种以上式Ⅱ所示化合物作为第二组分，A‑R0‑B Ⅰ

Description

一种负介电各项异性液晶组合物
技术领域
本发明属于液晶材料技术领域，具体涉及一种负介电各项异性液晶组合物及其含有此类液晶的液晶显示器件。
背景技术
目前，液晶化合物的应用范围拓展的越来越广，其可应用于多种类型的显一种负介电各项异性液晶组合物示器、电光器件、传感器等中。用于上述显示领域的液晶化合物的种类繁多，其中向列相液晶应用最为广泛。向列相液晶已经应用在无源TN、STN矩阵显示器和具有TFT有源矩阵的***中。
对于薄膜晶体管技术(TFT-LCD)应用领域，近年来市场虽然已经非常巨大，技术也逐渐成熟，但人们对显示技术的要求也在不断的提高，尤其是在实现快速响应，降低驱动电压以降低功耗等方面。液晶材料作为液晶显示器重要的光电子材料之一，对改善液晶显示器的性能发挥重要的作用。
作为液晶材料，需要具有良好的化学和热稳定性以及对电场和电磁辐射的稳定性。而作为薄膜晶体管技术(TFT-LCD)用液晶材料，不仅需要具有如上稳定性外，还应具有较宽的向列相温度范围、合适的双折射率各向异性、非常高的电阻率、良好的抗紫外线性能、高电荷保持率以及低蒸汽压等性能。
对于动态画面显示应用，消除显示画面残影和拖尾，要求液晶具有很快的响应速度，因此要求液晶具有较低的旋转粘度γ1；另外，对于便携式设备，为了降低设备能耗，希望液晶的驱动电压尽可能低；而对于电视等用途的显示器来说，对于液晶的驱动电压要求不是那么的低。
液晶化合物的粘度，尤其是旋转粘度γ1直接影响液晶加电后的响应时间，不管是上升时间(ton)还是下降时间(toff)，都与液晶的旋转粘度γ1成正比关系，上升时间(ton)由于与液晶盒和驱动电压有关，可以通过加大驱动电压的方法与降低液晶盒盒厚来调节；而下降时间(toff)与驱动电压无关，主要是与液晶的弹性常数与液晶盒盒厚有关，盒厚的趋薄会降低下降时间(toff)，而不同显示模式下，液晶分子的运动方式不一样，TN、IPS、VA三种模式分别与平均弹性常数K、扭曲弹性常数、弯曲弹性常数成反比关系。
依照液晶连续体理论，各种不同的液晶在外力(电场、磁场)作用下发生形变后，会通过分子间的相互作用，会“回弹”回原来的形状；同样的，液晶也是由于分子间的相互作用力形成“粘度”。液晶分子的微小变化，会使液晶的常规参数性能发生明显的变化，这些变化有的是有一定规律的，有的似乎不易找到规律，对于液晶分子间的相互作用也会产生明显的影响，这些影响非常微妙，至今也没有形成很完善的理论解释。
液晶的粘度与液晶分子结构有关，研究不同液晶分子形成的液晶体系的粘度与液晶分子结构之间的关系是液晶配方工程师的重要任务之一。
液晶面板能耗高的原因是只有大约5％左右的背光能够穿透显示器件，而被人眼捕获，绝大部分光是被“浪费”了的。如果能够开发出光穿透率高的液晶，即能够降低背光强度，从而实现节省能耗的目的，延长设备的使用时间。
发明内容
本发明需要解决的技术问题是提供一种液晶组合物具有良好的对光和热的稳定性，较低的粘度，可以通过调节单体比例得到较为宽泛的折射率、较高的清亮点(很宽的使用温度范围)，尤其是液晶组合物具有较高的光的穿透率，因而显示器件具有较高的亮度或是具有节能省电的效果。
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明提供了一种负介电各项异性液晶组合物，其特征在于：所述液晶组合物包含一种或多种式I所示A-R0-B化合物作为第一组份，以及一种或多种式Ⅱ所示化合物作为第二组分，
A-R0-B Ⅰ
Figure BDA0001509917010000021
其中，
A表示物理特性具有大于或等于0之介电各项异性常数的基团；
B表述物理特性具有小于或等于0之介电各项异性常数的基团；
R0表示CF2O、OCF2、OCF2O、CHFO、OCHF、OCHFO、CF2、CHF、 CH2、CH2CH2、CHFCH2、CH2CHF、CHFCHF、CF2CH2、CH2CF2、CF2CHF、 CHFCF2、CF2CF2、CHCH、CFCH、CHCF、CFCF、Si、N、O、S、CR*2CR**2、 CR*FCR**2、CR*2CR**F、CR*FCR**F、CF2CR**2、CR*2CF2、CF2CR**F、 CR*FCF2、CR*CR**、CFCR**、CR*CF、
Figure BDA0001509917010000031
Figure BDA0001509917010000032
和/或任意氟代苯中的一种或多种；
R*、R**各自独立地表示H、碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10 的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基或碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基；
R1、R2各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基，且R1、R2所示基团中中任意一个或多个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代；
Z1、Z2各自独立地表示单键、-CH2CH2-或CH2O-；
Figure BDA0001509917010000033
各自独立地表示
Figure BDA0001509917010000034
Figure BDA0001509917010000035
和/或
Figure BDA0001509917010000036
中的一种或多种；
m表示1、2或3；
n表示0或1。
将式I和式2化合物进行混合后，通过分子本身的性质和分子间作用力以及电场力的相互作用下，液晶分子更不容易发生弯曲弹性形变，从而能够保持垂直电场方向整齐排列，减少过程中光透过液晶分子的损失，从而提高了穿透率。
一种或多种式Ⅰ所示A-R0-B化合物优选为式Ⅰ1-Ⅰ3所示化合物中的一种或多种化合物；一种或多种式Ⅱ所示化合物优选为式Ⅱ1至Ⅱ13所示化合物中的一种或多种化合物；
Figure BDA0001509917010000041
Figure BDA0001509917010000051
其中，
R3、R4各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基，且R3、R4所示基团中任意一个或多个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代；
Figure BDA0001509917010000052
各自独立地表示
Figure BDA0001509917010000053
或任意氟代苯中的一种或多种；
R1、R2各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基，且R1、R2所示基团中中任意一个或多个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代；
X各自独立地表示CH2、O或S；
p表示1、2、3；
q表示0、1、2。
所述一种或多种式Ⅰ1所示化合物优选进一步优选为式Ⅰ1-1至Ⅰ1-14所示化合物中的一种或多种化合物；所述一种或多种式Ⅰ2所示化合物进一步优选为式Ⅰ2-1至Ⅰ2-8所示化合物中的一种或多种化合物；所述一种或多种式Ⅰ 3所示化合物优选进一步优选为式Ⅰ3-1至Ⅰ3-8所示化合物中的一种或多种化合物，
Figure BDA0001509917010000061
Figure BDA0001509917010000071
Figure BDA0001509917010000081
其中，R3、R4各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10 的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基，且R3、R4所示基团中任意一个或多个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代；
X各自独立地表示CH2、O或S。
本发明所述液晶组合物中，所述一种或多种式Ⅰ所示化合物总质量百分比含量优选为1-40％，所述一种或多种式Ⅱ所示化合物总质量百分比含量优选为 1-65％。
本发明所提供的液晶组合物还可以包含一种或多种式Ⅲ所示化合物
Figure BDA0001509917010000091
其中，
R5、R6各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基或碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基，且R5、R6所示基团中任意一个或多个不相连的CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基、环丙基或-O-替代；
Figure BDA0001509917010000092
表示
Figure BDA0001509917010000093
或任意氟代苯中的一种或多种；
w各自独立地表示1、2或3。
所述一种或多种式Ⅲ所示化合物优选为Ⅲ1-Ⅲ5化合物
Figure BDA0001509917010000094
其中，R51、R61各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-6的烷基、碳原子数为1-6 的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-6的链烯基或碳原子数为3-6的链烯氧基。
式Ⅲ所示化合物添加质量含量优选在1-60％之间，进一步优选5-40％。
所述液晶组合物还可以包含一种或多种式Ⅳ所示的化合物
Figure BDA0001509917010000101
其中，R7、R8各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基，且R7、R8所示基团中任意一个或多个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代；
W表示-O-、-S-或-CH2O-。
所述的液晶组合物，还可以包含一种或多种式Ⅴ所示化合物
Figure BDA0001509917010000102
其中，R9表示碳原子数为1-5的烷基或碳原子数为2-5的链烯基；
R10表示F原子、碳原子数为1-5的烷基、碳原子数为1-5的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-5的链烯基，且R9、R10所示基团中任意一个或多个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代；
r表示0或1；
(F)各自独立地表示H或F。
在同样的迟缓量,Vop(工作电压)及温度下，高透光率的FFS及IPS显示模式受以下液晶材料的物理特性所主导；
a.A-R0-B材料掺杂到阳性液晶材料中。
b.A-R0-B材料掺杂到负性液晶材料中。
c.只有A-R0-B液晶材料本身。
液晶材料中含单体A-R0-B之物理特性范围限制如下；在温 度等于20度的情况下,Δn的范围是从0.0700到0.2500，垂直介电(ε⊥)>5,平行介电(εll)>5,Δε＝平行介电(εll)-垂直介电(ε⊥)>5的范围是-6到+14,弹性常数k11>9(PN)，K33> 10(PN)和K11/K33＜1。同时 温度从-30到90℃之间,K11/K33的比值皆＜1。
本发明包含上述液晶组合物的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器，其特征在于，所述液晶显示元件或液晶显示器为有源矩阵显示元件或显示器，或者无源矩阵显示元件或显示器。
显示元件或显示器可以是TN、ECB、VA、IPS、FFS、PS-TN、PS-VA、 PS-IPS、PS-FFS、PA-VA、PA-IPS、PA-FFS、PI-less VA、PI-less IPS、PI-less-FFS LCD模式。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述，但本发明并不限于以下实施例。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径而得。
反应过程一般通过TLC监控反应的进程，反应结束的后处理一般是水洗、提取、合并有机相后干燥、减压下蒸除溶剂，以及重结晶、柱层析，本领域的技术人员都能够按照下面的描述来实现本发明。
本说明书中的百分比为质量百分比，温度为摄氏度(℃)，其他符号的具体意义及测试条件如下：
Cp表示液晶清亮点(℃)，DSC定量法测试；
Δn表示光学各向异性，no为寻常光的折射率，ne为非寻常光的折射率，测试条件为25±2℃，589nm，阿贝折射仪测试；
Δε表示介电各向异性，Δε＝ε∥-ε⊥，其中，ε∥为平行于分子轴的介电常数，ε⊥为垂直于分子轴的介电常数，测试条件为25±0.5℃，20微米平行盒， INSTEC:ALCT-IR1测试；
γ1表示旋转粘度(m Pa·s),测试条件为25±0.5℃，20微米平行盒， INSTEC:ALCT-IR1测试；
Tr(％)表示透过率，Tr(％)＝100％*亮态(Vop)亮度/光源亮度，测试设备DMS501，测试条件为25±0.5℃，测试盒为3.9微米IPS测试盒，电极间距和电极宽度均为3*5微米，摩擦方向与电极夹角为83°，因ε⊥与Tr存在正相关性，所以考察透过率时，可用ε⊥作为考察指标来指证。
本发明申请实施例液晶单体结构用代码表示，液晶环结构、端基、连接基团的代码表示方法见下表(一)、表(二)
表(一)：环结构的对应代码
Figure BDA0001509917010000121
Figure BDA0001509917010000131
表(二)：端基与链接基团的对应代码
Figure BDA0001509917010000132
举例：
Figure BDA0001509917010000133
CC-C(5)-V1
Figure BDA0001509917010000141
PGUQU-3-F
对比例1：
Figure BDA0001509917010000142
对比例2：
Figure BDA0001509917010000143
Figure BDA0001509917010000151
将液晶组合物灌入测试盒进行测试得到：在工作电压等於6V,实施例1 的透过率高於对比例1约3.0％，在工作电压等於10V,实施例2的透过率高於对比例2约4.0％。
实施例1：
Figure BDA0001509917010000152
Figure BDA0001509917010000161
实施例2：
Figure BDA0001509917010000162
Figure BDA0001509917010000171
实施例3：
Figure BDA0001509917010000172
Figure BDA0001509917010000181
实施例4：
Figure BDA0001509917010000182
实施例5：
Figure BDA0001509917010000183
Figure BDA0001509917010000191
实施例6：
Figure BDA0001509917010000192
Figure BDA0001509917010000201
实施例7：
Figure BDA0001509917010000202
Figure BDA0001509917010000211
实施例8：
Figure BDA0001509917010000212
Figure BDA0001509917010000221
实施例9：
Figure BDA0001509917010000222
实施例10：
Figure BDA0001509917010000231
实施例11：
Figure BDA0001509917010000232
Figure BDA0001509917010000241
实施例12：
Figure BDA0001509917010000242
Figure BDA0001509917010000251
实施例13：
Figure BDA0001509917010000252
实施例14：
Figure BDA0001509917010000253
Figure BDA0001509917010000261
实施例15：
Figure BDA0001509917010000262
Figure BDA0001509917010000271
实施例16：
Figure BDA0001509917010000272
实施例17：
Figure BDA0001509917010000281
实施例18：
Figure BDA0001509917010000282
Figure BDA0001509917010000291
实施例19：
Figure BDA0001509917010000292
Figure BDA0001509917010000301
实施例20：
Figure BDA0001509917010000302
实施例21：
Figure BDA0001509917010000311
发明液晶组合物具有良好的对光和热的稳定性，较低的粘度，可以调节得到较为宽泛的折射率、较高的清亮点(很宽的使用温度范围)，尤其是具有较高的光的穿透率，因而显示器件具有较高的亮度或是具有节能省电的效果。

Claims (4)

1.一种负介电各项异性液晶组合物，其特征在于：所述液晶组合物包含式I2-3和式I3-8所示化合物作为第一组份，一种或多种式Ⅱ-2和式II-7所示化合物作为第二组分，式Ⅲ3-1所示化合物作为第三组分，式Ⅲ4-1所示化合物作为第四组份，且所述第二组分中至少包含三种不同的式II-7所示化合物，
Figure FDA0003214621210000011
其中，
R3表示碳原子数为3的烷基；R4表示碳原子数为2的烷氧基；
X各自独立地表示CH2或O；
R1表示碳原子数为2-4的烷基；R2碳原子数为1-2的烷氧基；
式I2-3所示化合物在液晶组合物中的质量百分含量为4％；式I3-8所示化合物在液晶组合物中的质量百分含量为4％；式Ⅱ-2和式II-7所示化合物的第二组分在液晶组合物中的质量百分含量为57％；式Ⅲ3-1所示化合物的第三组分在液晶组合物中的质量百分含量为29％；式Ⅲ4-1所示化合物的第四组份在液晶组合物中的质量百分含量为2％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅳ所示的化合物
Figure FDA0003214621210000021
其中，
R7、R8各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基，且R7、R8所示基团中任意一个或多个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代；
W表示-O-、-S-或-CH2O-。
3.根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅴ所示化合物
Figure FDA0003214621210000022
其中，
R9表示碳原子数为1-5的烷基或碳原子数为2-5的链烯基；
R10表示F原子、碳原子数为1-5的烷基、碳原子数为1-5的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-5的链烯基；
且R9、R10所示基团中任意一个或多个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代；
r表示0或1；
(F)各自独立地表示H或F。
4.一种包含权利要求1-3中任一所述液晶组合物的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器，其特征在于，所述液晶显示元件或液晶显示器为有源矩阵显示元件或显示器，或者无源矩阵显示元件或显示器。
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