CN108017421B - Seedbed of dendrobium polyploid and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Seedbed of dendrobium polyploid and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedbed of dendrobium polyploid and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of plant seedbeds. The seedbed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of fruit peel, 20-40 parts of sugarcane leaves, 15-30 parts of poultry excrement, 10-15 parts of river bottom filter mud, 12-20 parts of attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound, 5-10 parts of humus, 5-10 parts of dipotassium phosphate, 1-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5-10 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-5 parts of peanut bran, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2-4 parts of borax, 3-6 parts of calcium superphosphate and 1-5 parts of an odor inhibitor; the preparation method comprises the steps of material mixing, primary fermentation and secondary fermentation. The seedbed has good water permeability and air permeability, so that the seedling bed is not easy to harden, the propagation speed, the survival rate and the effective component content of the dendrobium polyploid can be obviously improved, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of plant seedbeds, in particular to a seedbed of dendrobium polyploid and a preparation method thereof.
Background art:
in recent years, the dendrobium contains dendrobium polysaccharides, alkaloids, chrysophanol and lanoline compounds, as well as 7 essential amino acids and a plurality of trace elements for human bodies. Modern pharmacology indicates that the dendrobium has the functions of resisting tumor, resisting aging, enhancing immunity and the like, and has obvious treatment effect on cardiovascular diseases, digestive system diseases, respiratory system diseases and ophthalmic diseases. At present, the dendrobium polyploid is mainly obtained by inducing the doubling of somatic cell chromosomes under the condition of in vitro culture. Triploid with double advantages of polyploidy and hybrid can be obtained through genome triploization, and the yield, quality and stress resistance of the dendrobium can be improved.
In recent years, the artificial cultivation method of the dendrobium polyploid still has the problems of low seedling propagation speed, low seedling hardening and transplanting survival rate of tissue culture seedlings and the like due to the fact that a special seedling bed is not provided, and the industrialization and large-scale development of the dendrobium are severely restricted. In addition, general field planting of dendrobium polyploids is accompanied by growth of weeds and is vulnerable to diseases and insect pests.
The invention content is as follows:
the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the seedbed of the dendrobium polyploid and the preparation method thereof, the seedbed is rich in nutrition and simple in preparation method, the propagation speed, the survival rate and the content of effective components of the dendrobium polyploid can be obviously improved, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a dendrobium polyploid seedbed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of fruit peel, 20-40 parts of sugarcane leaves, 15-30 parts of poultry excrement, 10-15 parts of river bottom filter mud, 12-20 parts of attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound, 5-10 parts of humus, 5-10 parts of dipotassium phosphate, 1-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5-10 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-5 parts of peanut bran, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2-4 parts of borax, 3-6 parts of calcium superphosphate and 1-5 parts of an odor-resistant agent.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 52 parts of fruit peel, 33 parts of sugarcane leaves, 21 parts of poultry manure, 13 parts of river bottom filter mud, 17 parts of attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound, 8 parts of humus, 7 parts of dipotassium phosphate, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of peanut bran, 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 4 parts of borax, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 3 parts of an odor-resistant agent.
Preferably, the fruit peel is one or more of apple peel, banana peel, orange peel, litchi peel and sugarcane peel.
Preferably, the attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound is obtained by mixing and stirring 10-20 parts by weight of lavender essential oil and 40-60 parts by weight of essential oil uniformly, and extruding and granulating at 100-120 ℃.
The preparation method of the dendrobium polyploid seedbed comprises the following steps:
1) cutting fruit peel and sugarcane leaves into 1-3 cm in length according to the parts by weight, watering and prewetting until the sugarcane leaves are fully wetted, adding poultry excrement, river bottom sludge, attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound, humus, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, peanut bran, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, borax, calcium superphosphate and an odor inhibitor, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
2) feeding the mixed material into a primary fermentation tunnel for built-in pile fermentation, and performing twice bin dumping and pile turning during fermentation to obtain a fermented material; wherein, the process of dumping and turning the piles is a fermentation period, the temperature in the material piles gradually rises, and when the temperature in the material piles does not rise any more and begins to fall, dumping and turning the piles are carried out;
3) and (3) feeding the fermentation material into a secondary fermentation tunnel, and carrying out secondary fermentation at 45-50 ℃ for 6-8 days to obtain the dendrobium polyploid seedbed.
Preferably, in the primary fermentation process, the temperature of the material pile is gradually increased from 25 ℃ to 46 ℃, and then is kept for 4-6 hours and then begins to decrease.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the dendrobium polyploid seedbed provided by the invention adopts raw material components which are rich in a large amount of nutrient substances and trace elements, and fruit peel and sugarcane leaves are used as main solid substrates of the seedling bed, so that the seedling bed has good water permeability and air permeability, the seedling bed is not easy to harden, nutrition absorption and root rot of the dendrobium polyploid are not influenced, the propagation speed, the survival rate and the effective component content of the dendrobium polyploid can be obviously improved, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.
2. The attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound provided by the invention wraps the lavender essential oil by utilizing the characteristics of loose and porous attapulgite, excellent cohesiveness and diffusion performance, is beneficial to slow release of the lavender essential oil, and is insect-resistant, antibacterial and deodorant.
3. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the fermentation process is easy to control after two fermentation processes, the prepared special fertilizer contains more actinomycetes, can decompose a plurality of organic matters, including aromatic compounds, paraffin, rubber, cellulose, wood and other compounds and some compounds with strong toxicity, such as cyanogen and the like, the special fertilizer is used for raising the seedling of the dendrobium polyploid, the advantage of high and stable yield is achieved, the quality of the cultivated dendrobium officinale is good, and the content level of effective traditional Chinese medicine components is averagely higher than that of the existing dendrobium officinale by 10-20%.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A dendrobium polyploid seedbed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 52 parts of litchi rind, 33 parts of sugarcane leaves, 21 parts of poultry manure, 13 parts of river bottom filter mud, 17 parts of attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound, 8 parts of humus, 7 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of peanut bran, 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 4 parts of borax, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 3 parts of an odor-resistant agent. Wherein the attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound is prepared by mixing and stirring 15 parts by weight of lavender essential oil and 52 parts by weight of essential oil uniformly, and extruding and granulating at 110 ℃.
The preparation method of the dendrobium polyploid seedbed comprises the following steps:
1) cutting litchi rind and sugarcane leaves into pieces with the length of 1-3 cm according to the weight parts, watering and prewetting until the sugarcane leaves are fully wetted, adding poultry excrement, river bottom sludge, attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound, humus, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, peanut bran, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, borax, calcium superphosphate and an odor inhibitor, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
2) feeding the mixed material into a primary fermentation tunnel for built-in pile fermentation, and performing twice bin dumping and pile turning during fermentation to obtain a fermented material; wherein, the process of dumping and turning the piles is a fermentation period, the temperature in the material piles gradually rises, and when the temperature in the material piles does not rise any more and begins to fall, dumping and turning the piles are carried out; specifically, the temperature of the material pile is gradually increased from 25 ℃ to 46 ℃, and then the temperature is kept for 4.5 hours and then the material pile begins to decrease.
3) And (3) feeding the fermentation material into a secondary fermentation tunnel, and carrying out secondary fermentation for 8 days at 46 ℃ to obtain the dendrobium polyploid seedbed.
The survival rate of the seedbed prepared in the embodiment to the dendrobium polyploid seedlings is 98.8%, and the pest and disease damage rate is 2.5%.
Example 2
A dendrobium polyploid seedbed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 47 parts of orange peel, 33 parts of sugarcane leaves, 25 parts of poultry manure, 12 parts of river bottom filter mud, 14 parts of attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound, 7 parts of humus, 8 parts of dipotassium phosphate, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of peanut bran, 1.6 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 4 parts of borax, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 4 parts of an odor-resistant agent. Wherein the attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound is prepared by mixing and stirring 20 parts by weight of lavender essential oil and 50 parts by weight of essential oil uniformly, and extruding and granulating at 120 ℃.
The preparation method of the dendrobium polyploid seedbed comprises the following steps:
1) cutting orange peel and sugarcane leaves into pieces with the length of 1-3 cm according to the weight parts, watering and prewetting until the sugarcane leaves are fully wetted, adding poultry excrement, river bottom sludge, attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound, humus, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, peanut bran, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, borax, calcium superphosphate and an odor inhibitor, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
2) feeding the mixed material into a primary fermentation tunnel for built-in pile fermentation, and performing twice bin dumping and pile turning during fermentation to obtain a fermented material; wherein, the process of dumping and turning the piles is a fermentation period, the temperature in the material piles gradually rises, and when the temperature in the material piles does not rise any more and begins to fall, dumping and turning the piles are carried out; specifically, the temperature of the material pile is gradually increased from 25 ℃ to 46 ℃, and then the temperature is kept for 5.2 hours and then the material pile begins to decrease.
3) And (3) feeding the fermentation material into a secondary fermentation tunnel, and carrying out secondary fermentation at 50 ℃ for 7 days to obtain the dendrobium polyploid seedbed.
The survival rate of the seedbed prepared in the embodiment to the dendrobium polyploid seedlings is 98.2%, and the pest and disease damage rate is 2.7%.
Example 3
A dendrobium polyploid seedbed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of apple peel, 36 parts of sugarcane leaves, 26 parts of poultry manure, 15 parts of river bottom filter mud, 20 parts of attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound, 10 parts of humus, 10 parts of dipotassium phosphate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of peanut bran, 2 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 4 parts of borax, 6 parts of calcium superphosphate and 5 parts of an odor inhibitor. Wherein the attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound is prepared by uniformly mixing and stirring 20 parts by weight of lavender essential oil and 55 parts by weight of essential oil, and extruding and granulating at 115 ℃.
The preparation method of the dendrobium polyploid seedbed comprises the following steps:
1) cutting apple peel and sugarcane leaves into pieces with the length of 1-3 cm according to the weight parts, watering and prewetting until the sugarcane leaves are fully wetted, adding poultry excrement, river bottom sludge, attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound, humus, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, peanut bran, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, borax, calcium superphosphate and an odor inhibitor, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
2) feeding the mixed material into a primary fermentation tunnel for built-in pile fermentation, and performing twice bin dumping and pile turning during fermentation to obtain a fermented material; wherein, the process of dumping and turning the piles is a fermentation period, the temperature in the material piles gradually rises, and when the temperature in the material piles does not rise any more and begins to fall, dumping and turning the piles are carried out; specifically, the temperature of the material pile is gradually increased from 25 ℃ to 46 ℃, and then is kept for 4 hours and then starts to be reduced.
3) And (3) feeding the fermentation material into a secondary fermentation tunnel, and carrying out secondary fermentation for 8 days at 50 ℃ to obtain the dendrobium polyploid seedbed.
The survival rate of the seedbed prepared in the embodiment to the dendrobium polyploid seedlings is 97.7%, and the pest and disease damage rate is 3.2%.
Comparative example 1
A dendrobium polyploid seedbed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 52 parts of litchi rind, 33 parts of sugarcane leaves, 21 parts of poultry manure, 13 parts of river bottom filter mud, 8 parts of humus, 7 parts of dipotassium phosphate, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of peanut bran, 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 4 parts of borax, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 3 parts of an odor inhibitor.
The preparation method of the dendrobium polyploid seedbed comprises the following steps:
1) cutting litchi rind and sugarcane leaves into pieces with the length of 1-3 cm according to the weight parts, watering and prewetting until the sugarcane leaves are fully wetted, adding poultry excrement, river bottom sludge, humus, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, peanut bran, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, borax, calcium superphosphate and an odor inhibitor, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
2) feeding the mixed material into a primary fermentation tunnel for built-in pile fermentation, and performing twice bin dumping and pile turning during fermentation to obtain a fermented material; wherein, the process of dumping and turning the piles is a fermentation period, the temperature in the material piles gradually rises, and when the temperature in the material piles does not rise any more and begins to fall, dumping and turning the piles are carried out; specifically, the temperature of the material pile is gradually increased from 25 ℃ to 46 ℃, and then the temperature is kept for 4.5 hours and then the material pile begins to decrease.
3) And (3) feeding the fermentation material into a secondary fermentation tunnel, and carrying out secondary fermentation for 8 days at 46 ℃ to obtain the dendrobium polyploid seedbed.
The survival rate of the seedbed prepared in the embodiment to the dendrobium polyploid seedlings is 85.4%, and the pest and disease damage rate is 6.7%.
Therefore, the seedbed provided by the embodiment of the invention enables the dendrobium polyploid to have excellent seedling survival rate and lower pest and disease damage rate, and the attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound plays a vital role.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. The seedbed of the dendrobium polyploid is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of fruit peel, 20-40 parts of sugarcane leaves, 15-30 parts of poultry excrement, 10-15 parts of river bottom filter mud, 12-20 parts of attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound, 5-10 parts of humus, 5-10 parts of dipotassium phosphate, 1-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5-10 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-5 parts of peanut bran, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2-4 parts of borax, 3-6 parts of calcium superphosphate and 1-5 parts of an odor inhibitor;
the attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound is obtained by mixing and stirring 10-20 parts by weight of lavender essential oil and 40-60 parts by weight of essential oil uniformly, and extruding and granulating at 100-120 ℃.
2. The seedbed of dendrobium polyploid of claim 1, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 52 parts of fruit peel, 33 parts of sugarcane leaves, 21 parts of poultry manure, 13 parts of river bottom filter mud, 17 parts of attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound, 8 parts of humus, 7 parts of dipotassium phosphate, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of peanut bran, 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 4 parts of borax, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 3 parts of an odor-resistant agent.
3. The seedbed of dendrobium polyploid of claim 1, wherein said fruit peel is one or a combination of apple peel, banana peel, orange peel, litchi peel, sugarcane peel.
4. The method for preparing a seedbed of the dendrobium polyploid according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) cutting fruit peel and sugarcane leaves into 1-3 cm in length according to the parts by weight, watering and prewetting until the sugarcane leaves are fully wetted, adding poultry excrement, river bottom sludge, attapulgite-lavender essential oil compound, humus, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, peanut bran, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, borax, calcium superphosphate and an odor inhibitor, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
2) feeding the mixed material into a primary fermentation tunnel for built-in pile fermentation, and performing twice bin dumping and pile turning during fermentation to obtain a fermented material; wherein, the process of dumping and turning the piles is a fermentation period, the temperature in the material piles gradually rises, and when the temperature in the material piles does not rise any more and begins to fall, dumping and turning the piles are carried out;
3) and (3) feeding the fermentation material into a secondary fermentation tunnel, and carrying out secondary fermentation at 45-50 ℃ for 6-8 days to obtain the dendrobium polyploid seedbed.
5. The method for preparing the seedbed of the dendrobium polyploid as claimed in claim 4, wherein the temperature of the stockpile gradually rises from 25 ℃ to 46 ℃ in the primary fermentation process, and then the temperature is kept for 4-6 h and then starts to decrease.
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CN110036872B (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2022-03-01 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Light seedling culture medium for Australia tea tree essential oil extraction residues and preparation method thereof |
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