CN108008144A - A kind of characteristic signal image method and measuring system for flow field velocity measurement - Google Patents
A kind of characteristic signal image method and measuring system for flow field velocity measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN108008144A CN108008144A CN201711158522.4A CN201711158522A CN108008144A CN 108008144 A CN108008144 A CN 108008144A CN 201711158522 A CN201711158522 A CN 201711158522A CN 108008144 A CN108008144 A CN 108008144A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/18—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
- G01P5/20—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using particles entrained by a fluid stream
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of characteristic signal image method for flow field velocity measurement and measuring system, this feature signal pattern method to include：The light-intensity variation image in flow field is continuously shot using high-speed camera, then the light intensity of each spatial sequence of points in flow field on per two field picture is obtained using image analysis software, then the time series of light intensity in each spatial sequence of points is established according to the sequencing at time point, you can obtain the result that effluxvelocity is distributed in each spatial sequence of points on each two field picture：Calculate each two field picture again using abovementioned steps, you can obtain the flowing velocity of each locus of whole flow field.The present invention utilizes the flow velocity of characteristic signal image measurement plasma jet, solves the problem that tracer grain is difficult to follow flow field to move in thin high-velocity plasma stream moves.The present invention can measure the Two dimensional Distribution of flow field velocity within the extremely short time, easy to operate, intervene flow field without equipment, can quick and precisely measure the instantaneous velocity of fluid.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to flow field survey field, more particularly to a kind of characteristic signal figure for fluid flow fields tachometric survey
As speed-measuring method.
Background technology
The flowing velocity of fluid is flow field physical quantity the most basic, and the understanding of flow performance is heavily dependent on
The acquisition of velocity field, especially in the research of High Speed Flow Field characteristic, flow velocity measurement can be studied for fluid dynamics and provide weight
The experimental data wanted.At present, flow field velocity measurement is broadly divided into insertion type and non-intervention type two ways.Invasive measurement is main
There are Pitot tube and hot-wire anemometer two ways, non-intervention type measurement mainly includes laser Doppler method, particle image processing, molecule
Labelling method and flow field light intensity propagation of disturbance velocimetry etc..
Pitot tube principle is to apply Bernoulli equation, and spot speed size is measured indirectly by the method for measurement point pressure.
Pitot tube, which tests the speed, belongs to single-point, permanent contact type measurement, has a great influence to tested flow field, commonplace in industrial scale applications,
Or measurement is estimated for other measuring methods, it is rarely used for hydrodynamic calculations research measurement.What hot-wire anemometer tested the speed
Basic principle is that the hot line probe used the power on can produce thermal loss to measure in flow field, but this kind of method is same
Sample stream field can produce interference, and metal wire is easily broken off.
Non-intervention type measurement stream field does not have any disturbance.Laser Doppler method is trace particle of the measurement by laser beam
Doppler signal, obtain particle rapidity further according to the relation of speed and Doppler frequency, and then obtain flow field velocity.This method
Precision is high, and the scope that tests the speed is wide, but equipment is complicated, expensive, can not reflect the change of space structure.Particle image processing is to pass through
Shoot and measure the speed of the particle (trace particle) that fluid motion is followed in flow field to reflect flow field velocity, this method can be with
Intuitively reflect instantaneous whole audience flowing information, have the advantages that single point measuring technique is irreplaceable.Due to Image Acquisition and processing speed
Degree is limited, and the time sampling frequency of particle image processing is still limited, and the result of its measurement is still the movement velocity of particle, is shown
The problem of track particle is difficult to follow flow field to move in specialized fluids (such as ultrahigh speed gas, low density gas etc.) still has.
Molecular labeling method, it is similar with particle image processing principle, all it is the movement for following flow field in known interval according to tracer
Distance calculates the VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION in flow field, is the flow field velocity e measurement technology using molecule as mark tracer.But this method is being vibrated
In larger environment, the vibrated caused displacement of measuring system may bring larger error, while optical window is to flow field
Measurement can bring interference.
Current most common measuring method is directly to obtain speed using fluid light-intensity variation itself.
Traditional utilization light intensity disturbance speed-measuring method is mainly made of optical lens and photomultiplier.Optical lens will flow
Medium spacing is that 2 points of Δ Z are imaged in two larger measurement points of spacing, disposes photomultiplier in measurement point respectively,
Measure the light intensity disturbance of two tested points in jet stream.In order to increase the spacing of measurement point in favor of placing photodiode, usually
Beam-dividing cube is installed after the lens.Light intensity disturbance can be by two photomultiplier transits in the propagation time interval delta T of two tested points
The Output Signal Analysis of pipe obtains.So as to which 2 points to be measured of average speed is obtained by following formula：
Although this method in the case where not disturbing flow field, can obtain the average speed of respective point, this method is once
The average speed of single locus can only be obtained, efficiency is too low.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to provide a kind of characteristic signal image speed measurement side for fluid flow fields speed multimetering
Method and the measuring system for adapting to this feature signal pattern speed-measuring method.
Especially, the present invention provides a kind of characteristic signal image method for flow field velocity measurement, includes the following steps
Step 100, the light-intensity variation image in flow field is continuously shot using high-speed camera, is then forwarded to computer utilization
Image analysis software is handled；
Step 200, the measurement point of axial direction sequence in flow field on every two field picture is chosen respectively in different time points, then obtain every frame
The light intensity of each spatial sequence of points in flow field on image, then establishes light intensity in each spatial sequence of points according to the sequencing at time point
Time series；
Step 300, the time series of each spatial sequence of points light intensity is handled using Fast Fourier Transform, with the frequency of extraction
Compared with the phase difference of light-intensity variation in adjacent space sequence of points, both time differences are obtained, then substitute into point-to-point transmission average speed
Formula, you can obtain the result that effluxvelocity is distributed in each spatial sequence of points on each two field picture：
Step 400, jet stream in the axial space sequence of points of each two field picture difference radial position is calculated again using abovementioned steps
VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION as a result, can obtain the flowing velocity of each locus of whole flow field.
In an embodiment of the invention, the fluid for forming the flow field carries characteristic signal or additional feature letter
Number.
In an embodiment of the invention, the fluid is the fluid that shines.
In an embodiment of the invention, the luminous fluid is luminol.
In an embodiment of the invention, the fluid is the subsonic speed and supersonic speed fluid under atmospheric pressure environment, or
For the subsonic speed under rarefied gas environment or under hyperbaric environment and supersonic speed fluid, or charged fluid.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the step 300, if extraction frequency is fH, obtain adjacent Δ Z-space
The phase difference of light-intensity variation is in sequence of pointsThen the calculation formula of time difference is:
Substitute into
It can obtain the result that effluxvelocity is distributed in each spatial sequence of points on each two field picture.
In an embodiment of the invention, the time precision in the flowing velocity obtained is：
Spatial accuracy is：
The requirement of stream field temporal and spatial stability is：
Explanation to characteristic signal requires：
Wherein, fsFor flow field vibration frequency, faFor high frequency camera shooting machine frame per second, υ is flow field velocity, and N is hits.
In an embodiment of the invention, there is provided the measuring system of preceding feature signal pattern method, including：Calculate
Machine, high-speed camera, vacuum chamber, oscillograph, function signal generator and plasma electrical source；Wherein high-speed camera is used to clap
The indoor jet stream light-intensity variation of vacuum is taken the photograph, it is connected with computer and function signal generator respectively, oscillograph difference and function
Signal generator is connected with vacuum chamber, and plasma electrical source is powered for vacuum chamber.
In an embodiment of the invention, the signal generator exports two-way Transistor-Transistor Logic level signal triggering institute at the same time
High-speed camera is stated with the oscillograph with synchronous acquisition.
The present invention utilizes the flow velocity of characteristic signal image measurement plasma jet, solves tracer grain in thin high speed
It is difficult to the problem for following flow field to move in plasma flow.The present invention can measure the two dimension of flow field velocity within the extremely short time
Distribution, it is easy to operate, flow field is intervened without equipment, can quick and precisely measure the instantaneous velocity of fluid.By selecting to take the photograph at a high speed
The frame per second and pixel of camera can also change final measurement accuracy.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the step flow chart of the characteristic signal image method of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the time series signal of light intensity in the same two field picture representation space sequence of points of one embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the ripple components of Fig. 2 fluid being measured；
Fig. 4 is the measuring apparatus connection diagram of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is when continuously capturing plasma jet by 120000 frame of high-speed camera in one embodiment of the present invention
Fluctuate result figure；
Fig. 6 is each axial distance light intensity of plasma jet of actual acquisition in one embodiment of the present invention with the time
Fluctuate result figure；
Fig. 7 is the phase diagram that Fig. 6 passes through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) extraction；
Fig. 8 is the velocity contour of flow field in the axial direction in one embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the characteristic signal image speed measurement method of one embodiment of the invention includes the following steps in general manner：
Step 100, the light-intensity variation image in flow field is continuously shot using high-speed camera, is then forwarded to computer utilization
Image analysis software is handled；
Wherein, the fluid for forming flow field is the fluid that shines, as luminol (luminol), also known as luminol, chemical name are
Luminol.And the speed of fluid can be subsonic speed and supersonic speed fluid under atmospheric pressure environment, or it is thin
Subsonic speed and supersonic speed fluid under gaseous environment or under hyperbaric environment, and charged fluid.In addition, fluid can carry spy
Reference number, can also additional characteristic signal, such as the small power electric source forcing far below main power source power.
Step 200, the measurement point of axial direction sequence in flow field on every two field picture is chosen respectively in different time points, then obtain every frame
The light intensity of each spatial sequence of points in flow field on image, then establishes light intensity in each spatial sequence of points according to the sequencing at time point
Time series；
Step 300, the time series of each spatial sequence of points light intensity is handled using Fast Fourier Transform, extraction frequency is fH
Ripple components, obtain the phase difference of light-intensity variation in adjacent Δ Z-space sequence of pointsThe time difference is converted into again:
In conjunction with formula (1), the result that effluxvelocity is distributed in each spatial sequence of points on each two field picture is obtained：
Step 400, jet stream in the axial space sequence of points of each two field picture difference radial position is calculated again using abovementioned steps
VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION as a result, can obtain the flowing velocity of each locus of whole flow field.
Fig. 2 is the time series schematic diagram of light intensity in same two field picture representation space sequence of points in step 200；Fig. 3 is Fig. 2
The ripple components of fluid being measured.
The present invention can measure the Two dimensional Distribution of flow field velocity within the extremely short time, easy to operate, intervene and flow without equipment
Field, can quick and precisely measure the instantaneous velocity of fluid.It can also be changed most by the frame per second and pixel that select high-speed camera
Whole measurement accuracy.The present invention utilizes the flow velocity of characteristic signal image measurement plasma jet, solves tracer grain dilute
Thin high-velocity plasma stream is difficult to the problem for following flow field to move in moving.
In an embodiment of the invention, the time precision in the flowing velocity obtained is：
Spatial accuracy is：
The requirement of stream field temporal and spatial stability is：
Explanation to characteristic signal requires：
Wherein, fsFor flow field vibration frequency, faFor high frequency camera shooting machine frame per second, υ is flow field velocity, and N is hits.
The measurement process of this method is illustrated with specific example below：
As shown in figure 4, measuring system can be by computer 1, high-speed camera 2, vacuum chamber 3, oscillograph 4, function signal
Generator 5 and plasma electrical source 6 form.Since plasma has dither, the jet stream of generation also has identical frequency
Fluctuation.High-speed camera 2 is used to shoot jet stream light-intensity variation, and computer 1 is used for the number for reading and storing high-speed camera 2
According to；Oscillograph 4 is used to monitor arc voltage, obtains the information such as the ripple frequency of arc voltage；Signal generator 5 exports two-way at the same time
Transistor-Transistor Logic level signal triggers high-speed camera 2 with oscillograph 4 with synchronous acquisition.The highest frame per second of high-speed camera 2 is
120kfps, it is 4kHz or so to choose last of the twelve Earthly Branches nurse hertz resonance signal as characteristic signal source, its frequency, and corresponding time precision is about
For 0.01ms, spatial accuracy is 10mm or so.
As shown in figure 5, in the typical work that 3 pressure of vacuum chamber is 120Pa, arc current is 100A and throughput is 8.4slm
Under condition, the dither of the 4kHz of plasma torch 4 or so, the jet stream fluctuation result figure of acquisition are utilized.
Fig. 5 is the jet stream wave pattern that 50 width are continuously shot, and the frame per second of high-speed camera 2 is per second for 120000 frames, uses image
The point light intensity that processing software obtains same axial changes with time, as shown in Figure 6.It is for standoff distance shown in figure
The each point light-intensity variation of 10mm.As can be seen from the figure strength signal sawtooth is obvious, if directly taking point tolerance larger.Cause
This, using Fast Fourier Transform, only extracts the phase signal of characteristic frequency, excludes the interference of other frequencies pulsation, significantly carry
High signal-to-noise ratio, as shown in Figure 7.Adjacent 2 points of light-intensity variation Fast Fourier Transform is obtained into phase difference, passes through formula
(3) ask and calculate point-to-point transmission average speed.
As shown in figure 8, choose the result that tests the speed that adjacent distance between two points is 0.2mm, 5mm and 10mm.When spacing is 0.2mm
When, the velocity amplitude bounce of acquisition is very big, and when spacing is 5mm and 10mm, stability as a result dramatically increases.
The above results show that this method can conveniently realize the measurement of flow field velocity Two dimensional Distribution, in existing experiment condition
Under, spatial resolution can reach 0.2mm, and space measurement precision is 10mm, and time resolution reaches 0.01ms.Above-mentioned precision is real
Border is limited to the capacity of equipment of experiment, and the high speed video system according to higher frame per second and with image enhancement, then can also improve most
Whole precision.
So far, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that detailed herein have shown and described multiple showing for the present invention
Example property embodiment, still, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, still can according to the present invention disclosure it is direct
Determine or derive many other variations or modifications for meeting the principle of the invention.Therefore, the scope of the present invention is understood that and recognizes
It is set to and covers other all these variations or modifications.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of characteristic signal image method for flow field velocity measurement, it is characterised in that include the following steps
Step 100, the light-intensity variation image in flow field is continuously shot using high-speed camera, computer is then forwarded to and utilizes image
Analysis software is handled；
Step 200, the measurement point of axial direction sequence in flow field on every two field picture is chosen respectively in different time points, then obtain every two field picture
The light intensity of the upper each spatial sequence of points in flow field, then establishes the time of light intensity in each spatial sequence of points according to the sequencing at time point
Sequence；
Step 300, the time series of each spatial sequence of points light intensity is handled using Fast Fourier Transform, with frequency and the phase of extraction
The phase difference of light-intensity variation is compared in adjacent spatial sequence of points, obtains both time differences, then substitutes into point-to-point transmission average speed formula,
It can obtain the result that effluxvelocity is distributed in each spatial sequence of points on each two field picture：
Step 400, effluxvelocity in the axial space sequence of points of each two field picture difference radial position is calculated again using abovementioned steps
Distribution as a result, can obtain the flowing velocity of each locus of whole flow field.
2. characteristic signal image method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The fluid for forming the flow field carries characteristic signal or additional characteristic signal.
3. characteristic signal image method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：
The fluid is the fluid that shines.
4. characteristic signal image method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：
The luminous fluid is luminol.
5. characteristic signal image method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：
The fluid is subsonic speed and supersonic speed fluid under atmospheric pressure environment, or under rarefied gas environment or under hyperbaric environment
Subsonic speed and supersonic speed fluid, or charged fluid.
6. characteristic signal image method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In the step 300, if extraction frequency is fH, the phase difference for obtaining light-intensity variation in adjacent Δ Z-space sequence of points is
Then the calculation formula of time difference is:
Substitute into
It can obtain the result that effluxvelocity is distributed in each spatial sequence of points on each two field picture.
7. characteristic signal image method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Time precision in obtained flowing velocity is：
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Spatial accuracy is：
The requirement of stream field temporal and spatial stability is：
Explanation to characteristic signal requires：
Wherein, fsFor flow field vibration frequency, faFor high frequency camera shooting machine frame per second, υ is flow field velocity, and N is hits.
A kind of 8. measuring system of characteristic signal image method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that including：Computer, take the photograph at a high speed
Camera, vacuum chamber, oscillograph, function signal generator and plasma electrical source；Wherein high-speed camera is used to shoot vacuum chamber
Interior jet stream light-intensity variation, it is connected with computer and function signal generator respectively, and oscillograph difference and function signal occurs
Device is connected with vacuum chamber, and plasma electrical source is powered for vacuum chamber.
9. measuring system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that
The signal generator exports two-way Transistor-Transistor Logic level signal and triggers the high-speed camera with the oscillograph with synchronous at the same time
Gathered data.
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| CN110677968A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-01-10 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Method and device for monitoring plasma jet velocity |
| CN111693729A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-22 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Particle image velocity measurement method and device based on global optimization |
| CN112683542A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-20 | 上海交通大学 | Flame luminescence-based speed field measurement system and method |
| CN112781828A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2021-05-11 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Visual flow field observation device and visual flow field observation method |
| CN113295375A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Dynamic Karman vortex street flow field identification device and method based on DBD discharge structure |
| CN113465872A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-01 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Hot wire anemograph suitable for high-speed flow field measurement |
| CN113640542A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-12 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Sliding arc discharge-based speed measurement device and method for scramjet engine combustion chamber |
| CN115792273A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-03-14 | 清华大学 | Method for measuring fluid flow rate, flow measuring device and computer storage medium |
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| CN110677968A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-01-10 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Method and device for monitoring plasma jet velocity |
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| CN113295375A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Dynamic Karman vortex street flow field identification device and method based on DBD discharge structure |
| CN113295375B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2023-11-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Karman vortex street flow field dynamic identification device and method based on DBD discharge structure |
| CN113465872A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-01 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Hot wire anemograph suitable for high-speed flow field measurement |
| CN113465872B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-07-21 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Hot wire anemometer suitable for high-speed flow field measurement |
| CN113640542A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-12 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Sliding arc discharge-based speed measurement device and method for scramjet engine combustion chamber |
| CN113640542B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2024-06-07 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Device and method for measuring speed of combustion chamber of scramjet engine based on sliding arc discharge |
| CN115792273A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-03-14 | 清华大学 | Method for measuring fluid flow rate, flow measuring device and computer storage medium |
| CN115792273B (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2024-02-23 | 清华大学 | Method for measuring fluid flow rate, flow measuring device and computer storage medium |
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