CN107986557B - Coupling biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff - Google Patents
Coupling biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff Download PDFInfo
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coupling biological treatment process for integrally treating agricultural, domestic and animal husbandry sewage in rural areas, which has high portability and can comprehensively and synchronously remove nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff and treat various pollutants in the sewage, and is characterized in that: the beneficial effects of recycling agricultural waste materials are achieved, no toxic and harmful substances are generated in the processes of impurity removal and purification of sewage, and the process requirements of environmental protection and health are met; the required processing equipment is simple, the use cost is low, the integrated control is more convenient, and the efficiency is higher; the total removal rate of TN and TP is high, the harmful organic matters are completely removed in the deep oxidation pond, and the purification and decontamination effects are extremely high; the modified component can promote the organic pollutants which are difficult to degrade in the sewage to be decomposed and degraded, so that the organic pollutants are converted into substances which are pollution-free or can be degraded again by microorganisms, and the microbial degradation efficiency and effect are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sewage treatment, in particular to a coupling biological treatment process for integrally treating agricultural, domestic and animal husbandry sewage in rural areas, having high portability and comprehensively treating various pollutants in the sewage and synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of rural economy, agricultural runoff discharge amount such as farmland drainage, residual irrigation water, village sewage, livestock and poultry breeding sewage and the like is increased year by year, and the agricultural runoff discharge amount becomes a main factor of drinking water source pollution, lake and reservoir eutrophication and continuous deterioration of water environment quality in China. The agricultural runoff is most obviously polluted by nitrogen and phosphorus, and the reduction and interception of the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the agricultural runoff have great significance for improving the water environment quality. At present, the biofilm technology is concerned greatly because of the advantages of good water quality impact load resistance, simple and convenient operation, stable operation performance, lower cost and the like. However, the available organic matter of agricultural runoff is low, and the conventional biofilm method is difficult to achieve good nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects only by effectively utilizing an internal carbon source and needs to be adjusted by an external carbon source.
At present, water-soluble carbon sources and solid carbon sources are mainly used for supplying carbon sources. Wherein, although the added liquid carbon source can obviously improve the denitrification performance, the operation cost is higher, and the liquid carbon source is easy to lose to generate secondary pollution. The solid carbon source has the advantages of slow release of organic matters and capability of being used as a biological carrier, and is gradually applied to the nitrogen and phosphorus removal process in recent years. China is a large country for agricultural production, and a large amount of agricultural wastes such as corncobs, rice straws and rice husks are generated every year, most of the agricultural wastes can be discarded or only used as farmyard fuel, so that the resource waste is great, and the environmental burden is increased. In the face of severe agricultural runoff pollution problems, the agricultural wastes are used as degradable biomass carriers to be applied to agricultural runoff pollution treatment, so that the treatment cost can be reduced, the existing green resources can be utilized, and a new way is provided for comprehensive utilization of the agricultural wastes. In addition, the production of biochar by agricultural wastes is gradually hot, the biochar has a large specific surface area, can effectively adsorb pollutants, can provide part of mineral nutrients to promote the growth of microorganisms, and has great significance for improving the conventional biofilm method.
The Chinese patent office discloses an invention authorization of a biomembrane sewage treatment method in 2013, 2, 13 and has an authorization publication number of CN102503045B, it adopts a sand-water separator and a pre-aeration tank to carry out pre-precipitation and pre-aeration, then the pretreated sewage is introduced into a biological filter to carry out filling, film hanging and film hanging, the process for carrying out conventional water treatment operation is characterized in that a labyrinth-type flow passage is utilized to improve the contact probability of sewage and a biological membrane, and the ceramic matrix filler is adopted to prevent the biological membrane from agglomerating, thereby improving the treatment efficiency of sewage treatment, but the treatment in a separate tank treatment mode is inconvenient for comprehensive management, and the treatment effect on some low-carbon and high-nitrogen agricultural sewage is poor, the water quality purification effect of the biological membrane is greatly weakened under the condition of insufficient carbon source, and some organic pollutants difficult to degrade by the biological membrane are not effectively treated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the agricultural and animal husbandry sewage causes drinking water source pollution, lake and reservoir eutrophication and continuous deterioration of water environment quality in China, and the existing market does not have a good treatment process for the agricultural and animal husbandry sewage with low carbon and high nitrogen and phosphorus content, the coupling biological treatment process for integrally treating the agricultural and animal husbandry sewage, which has high portability and can comprehensively and synchronously remove nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff for treating various pollutants in the sewage is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a coupling biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff comprises the following steps:
1) introducing sewage from a water inlet of a coupling biological system, wherein the coupling biological system is divided into four areas including a first area, a second area and a third area, the sewage firstly enters the first area of the coupling biological system, the first area is a deposition area, and the deposition is carried out in the deposition area for 0-0.5 h;
2) introducing the sewage subjected to deposition in the step 1) into a second area of a coupling biological system, wherein the second area is a degradable biological filler arrangement area, biological carrier fillers are arranged in the degradable biological filler arrangement area, and the reaction is carried out for 1-2 hours in the degradable biological filler arrangement area;
3) introducing the sewage after the reaction in the degradable biological filler arrangement area in the step 2) into a third area of a coupled biological system, wherein the third area is a mixed arrangement area, and the conventional carrier filler and the biochar filler are arranged in the mixed arrangement area in a mixed manner and react for 0.5-2.5 hours in the mixed arrangement area;
4) introducing the sewage after reaction in the mixed arrangement area in the step 3) into a fourth area of a coupled biological system, wherein the fourth area is a modified biological carrier arrangement area, special biological modified fillers are arranged in the modified biological carrier arrangement area, the sewage reacts for 8-12 hours under the irradiation of a visible light source, and clear water is obtained after the sewage is led out from a water outlet;
wherein step 1) water inlet department is equipped with the grid, and the grid is any one in mechanical grid and artifical grid, step 2) the biological carrier filler is any one in rice husk, saw-dust, straw, sawdust and corncob, and conventional carrier filler in step 3) is any one in suspension type pile filler and the elastic filler of suspension type, and wherein degradable biological filler arranges the district and modified biological carrier arranges the district and adopts the micro-aeration mode to aerate, and sedimentation zone and mixed arrangement district do not aerate, sedimentation zone upper portion is equipped with two bars, and degradable biological filler arranges the district and mixed arrangement district upper portion respectively is equipped with a bar.
Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the special biological modified filler in the step 4) comprise the following substances in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, 60-65 parts of dilute nitric acid, 75-80 parts of citric acid, 10-13 parts of ammonium metavanadate and 45-50 parts of distilled water.
Preferably, the preparation process of the special biological modified filler comprises the following steps:
a) equally dividing citric acid into two parts according to weight, dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and half of citric acid in dilute nitric acid, uniformly stirring to prepare solution A, dissolving ammonium metavanadate and the rest half of citric acid in distilled water, and uniformly stirring to prepare solution B;
b) uniformly mixing the solution A obtained in the step a) with the solution B to prepare a solution C, adjusting the pH value of the solution C to 6.2-6.5 by using ammonia water, and continuously heating and stirring at 65-85 ℃ until the solution turns blue to form a blue solution;
c) adding peanut shells or melon seed shells into the blue solution obtained in the step 2), standing, taking out after the peanut shells or melon seed shells fully absorb the surface to form colloid, drying for 24-48 h at 75-85 ℃, then calcining for 3-5 h at 500-550 ℃, naturally cooling and grinding to obtain active particles;
d) and c), dissolving the active particles obtained in the step c) and 8-10 times of the weight of the active particles in distilled water 50-300 times of the weight of the active particles to form a mixed solution, performing ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution at 75-85 ℃ for 50-65 min, adding the microporous structure filler, performing ultrasonic treatment for 55-65 min, taking out and drying to obtain the special biological modified filler.
Preferably, the microporous structure filler of step d) includes but is not limited to: sponge and polyurethane fillers; the volume ratio of the added microporous structure filler to the mixed solution in the step d) is 1: 4 to 5.
Preferably, the bio-carrier filler in the step 2) needs to be soaked in acid or alkali for 1-2 hours before being put into a device, and is solidified and processed into any one shape of a square, a sphere and a cylinder with the size characteristic within the range of 1-4 cm through simple mechanical processing.
Preferably, the raw material of the biochar filler in the step 3) is any one or more of rice hulls, sawdust, straws, sawdust and corncobs, and the raw material is pyrolyzed for 3-5 hours at 500-600 ℃ in an oxygen-limited heating carbonization mode.
Preferably, the filling rate of the fillers in the degradable biological filler arrangement area, the mixed arrangement area and the modified biological carrier arrangement area is 10-20%.
Preferably, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the sewage is kept to be 1.5-2.5 mg/L during micro-aeration of the degradable biological filler arrangement area and the modified biological carrier arrangement area.
Preferably, the coupled biological system is controlled by a PCL automatic control system.
The conventional carriers such as suspension type accumulation fillers and suspension type elastic fillers are used as substrates to attach biological membranes in the sewage treatment technology on the market at present, but the conventional biological membrane carriers only have the function of providing attachment areas for microorganisms, although the specific surface area is larger than that of the early-rising biological membrane carriers, the conventional biological membrane carriers still have a progress space, and agricultural waste materials such as rice husks, sawdust, straws, sawdust and corncobs are used as degradable carriers, and due to the biological morphological structure of the carriers, the carriers can provide a three-dimensional porous structure with a large number of micropores, and after being mechanically processed into shapes such as squares, spheres and cylinders with the size characteristics within the range of 1-4 cm, the carriers have extremely large specific surface areas, particularly corncobs, and the like, have many internal micropores, and are very good porous structure carriers.
In addition, agricultural waste materials such as rice hulls, sawdust, straws, sawdust and corncobs are used as degradable carriers, an additional carbon source can be provided for microorganisms when low-carbon sewage is treated, the coupling arrangement mode of a conventional carrier, the degradable fiber carrier and the biochar carrier is optimized by combining the slow release carbon source of the degradable fiber carrier and the strong adsorption performance of the biochar, functional microorganisms can be quickly enriched in agricultural runoff treatment mainly polluted by nitrate nitrogen and phosphate, the high-efficiency denitrification and dephosphorization effect is obtained, and the quality of effluent water can be effectively controlled.
The degradable biological filler arrangement area and the modified biological carrier arrangement area are aerated in a micro-aeration mode, so that a biofilm attached to and growing on a carrier has concentration gradient change of dissolved oxygen from the surface to the inside, the surface is an aerobic environment, the inside is an anoxic microenvironment, aerobic suspended sludge exists inside, the biofilm has the advantages of easier growth of nitrobacteria, high biomass and microbial food chain length, synchronous nitrification and denitrification are realized under the aerobic condition, pollutants in sewage can be removed in a large amount, the micro-aeration mode ensures that the oxygen content in a container is always in the most favorable state, so that the purification and treatment capacity of the microorganisms to the water pollutants is in the peak state, the purification effect of the biofilms to the pollutants in the water is enhanced, and compared with the traditional biological aerated filter, the micro-aeration filter tank can play a more excellent denitrification and dephosphorization effect, the COD value of the effluent is greatly reduced, the TP content of the effluent can also be greatly reduced, and the total removal rate of TP is more than 85 percent.
In addition, the special biological modified filler also has very special properties, the main modified component of the special biological modified filler is vanadate of trivalent bismuth ions, the vanadate of the trivalent bismuth ions is a modifier with certain photocatalysis performance, and the special biological modified filler can generate photoproduction e after absorbing visible light-/h+The electron pair, photo-generated h and the water molecule adsorbed on the surface of the modifier react to generate hydroxyl free radical and superoxide anion free radical, the superoxide anion free radical reacts with hydrogen ion to generate superoxide free radical, the generated superoxide free radical and hydroxyl free radical have strong redox capability, the structure of the organic pollutant is gradually destroyed, and the organic pollutant is finally converted into water molecule, carbon dioxide molecule and other small molecular substances. On the other hand, the microporous structure filler which is used as the matrix material is a high-molecular carrier filler with rich porous structure, and after the vanadate of the trivalent bismuth ion is loaded, part of the microporous structure filler is blocked, namely the microporous structure filler is mainly loaded in the microporous structure filler, and the biomembrane growing part is a microporous knotThe framework structure of the structural filler can still ensure that the vanadate of the trivalent bismuth ions can not be covered by the structure of the biological film after the biological film completely grows, and a good photocatalysis effect is achieved. The special biological modified filler takes microporous structured filler as a matrix material, can keep good integrity under water flow impact, and the modifier loaded on the filler has long-term effective catalytic capability and can be repeatedly used.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the beneficial effect of recycling agricultural waste materials is achieved, and the process requirements of environmental protection and health are met;
2) in the process of impurity removal and purification of sewage, no toxic and harmful substances are generated, and the process requirements of environmental protection and health are met;
3) the required processing equipment is simple, the use cost is low, the integrated control is more convenient, and the efficiency is higher;
4) the sewage treatment system has the advantages that the sewage treatment system can play a very good purifying effect on sewage with low carbon and high nitrogen and phosphorus content, the total removal rate of TN and TP is high, harmful organic matters are thoroughly removed in the deep oxidation pond, and the purifying and decontaminating effect is very high;
5) the micro-aeration is easy to grow nitrobacteria, has the advantages of high biomass and long microbial food chain, realizes synchronous nitrification and denitrification under aerobic conditions, and can remove a large amount of pollutants in sewage;
6) the modified component can promote the organic pollutants which are difficult to degrade in the sewage to be decomposed and degraded, so that the organic pollutants are converted into substances which are pollution-free or can be degraded again by microorganisms, and the microbial degradation efficiency and effect are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a coupled biological system of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 deposition area, 2 degradable biological filler arrangement area, 3 mixing arrangement area, 4 modified biological carrier arrangement area, 5 bars, 6 visible light source and 7 grids.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, belong to the scope of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a deposition area, 2 is a degradable biological filler arrangement area, 3 is a mixed arrangement area, 4 is a modified biological carrier arrangement area, 5 is a grid block, 6 is a visible light source, 7 is a grid, sewage flows in from a water inlet and then is subjected to physical impurity removal through the grid 7, the sewage flows into the deposition area, the degradable biological filler arrangement area 2 is led in after the deposition area 1 is subjected to precipitation for 0-0.5 h, the degradable biological filler arrangement area 2 is subjected to reactive degradation for 1-2 h and then is led into the mixed arrangement area 3 for reactive degradation for 0.5-2.5 h, finally the modified biological carrier arrangement area 4 is led in, the visible light source 6 is subjected to deep treatment for 8-12 h to obtain clear water, and the carrier can be prevented from being stable and some floating impurities can not be transferred under the effect of the grid block 5 during the four-interval transfer.
The sewage used in the examples is agricultural sewage.
Example 1
The preparation process of the special biological modified filler comprises the following steps:
a) equally dividing citric acid into two parts according to weight, dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and half of citric acid in dilute nitric acid, uniformly stirring to prepare solution A, dissolving ammonium metavanadate and the rest half of citric acid in distilled water, and uniformly stirring to prepare solution B;
b) uniformly mixing the solution A obtained in the step a) with the solution B to prepare a solution C, adjusting the pH value of the solution C to 6.2 by using ammonia water, and continuously heating and stirring at 65 ℃ until the solution turns blue to form a blue solution;
c) adding peanut shells or melon seed shells into the blue solution obtained in the step 2), standing, taking out after the peanut shells or melon seed shells fully absorb the surface to form colloid, drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 75 ℃, then calcining for 3 hours at the temperature of 500 ℃, naturally cooling and grinding to obtain active particles;
d) and c), dissolving the active particles obtained in the step c) and 8 times of the weight of the active particles of the polyethylene glycol in 50 times of the weight of the active particles of the distilled water to form a mixed solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution at 85 ℃ for 65min, then putting the mixed solution into a blocky sponge, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the blocky sponge for 65min, taking out the blocky sponge and drying the spongy sponge to obtain the special biological modified filler.
The preparation raw materials of the special biological modified filler comprise the following substances in parts by weight: 45 parts of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, 60 parts of dilute nitric acid, 80 parts of citric acid, 13 parts of ammonium metavanadate and 45 parts of distilled water.
Example 2
The preparation process of the special biological modified filler comprises the following steps:
a) equally dividing citric acid into two parts according to weight, dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and half of citric acid in dilute nitric acid, uniformly stirring to prepare solution A, dissolving ammonium metavanadate and the rest half of citric acid in distilled water, and uniformly stirring to prepare solution B;
b) uniformly mixing the solution A obtained in the step a) with the solution B to prepare a solution C, adjusting the pH value of the solution C to 6.5 by using ammonia water, and continuously heating and stirring at 85 ℃ until the solution turns blue to form a blue solution;
c) adding peanut shells or melon seed shells into the blue solution obtained in the step 2), standing, taking out after the peanut shells or melon seed shells fully absorb the surface to form colloid, drying for 48h at 85 ℃, then calcining for 5h at 550 ℃, naturally cooling and grinding to obtain active particles;
d) and c), dissolving the active particles obtained in the step c) and 10 times of the weight of the active particles of the polyethylene glycol in 300 times of the weight of the active particles of the distilled water to form a mixed solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution at 75 ℃ for 50min, then adding a polyurethane filler, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution for 55min, taking out the mixed solution and drying the mixed solution to obtain the special biological modified filler.
The preparation raw materials of the special biological modified filler comprise the following substances in parts by weight: 50 parts of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, 65 parts of dilute nitric acid, 75 parts of citric acid, 10 parts of ammonium metavanadate and 50 parts of distilled water.
Example 3
The preparation process of the special biological modified filler comprises the following steps:
a) equally dividing citric acid into two parts according to weight, dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and half of citric acid in dilute nitric acid, uniformly stirring to prepare solution A, dissolving ammonium metavanadate and the rest half of citric acid in distilled water, and uniformly stirring to prepare solution B;
b) uniformly mixing the solution A obtained in the step a) with the solution B to prepare a solution C, adjusting the pH value of the solution C to 6.5 by using ammonia water, and continuously heating and stirring at the temperature of 75 ℃ until the solution turns blue to form a blue solution;
c) adding peanut shells or melon seed shells into the blue solution obtained in the step 2), standing, taking out after the peanut shells or melon seed shells fully absorb the surface to form colloid, drying at 80 ℃ for 36h, then calcining at 550 ℃ for 5h, naturally cooling, and grinding to obtain active particles;
d) and c), dissolving the active particles obtained in the step c) and 10 times of the weight of the active particles of the polyethylene glycol in 300 times of the weight of the active particles of the distilled water to form a mixed solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution at 80 ℃ for 60min, then putting the mixed solution into a blocky sponge, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the blocky sponge for 60min, taking out the blocky sponge and drying the spongy sponge to obtain the special biological modified filler.
The preparation raw materials of the special biological modified filler comprise the following substances in parts by weight: 50 parts of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, 60 parts of dilute nitric acid, 80 parts of citric acid, 10 parts of ammonium metavanadate and 50 parts of distilled water.
Example 4
A coupling biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff comprises the following steps:
1) leading in sewage from a water inlet of a coupling biological system, wherein the coupling biological system is divided into four areas from a first area to a fourth area, the sewage firstly enters the first area of the coupling biological system, the first area is a deposition area, and the deposition is carried out in the deposition area for 0 h;
2) introducing the sewage subjected to deposition in the step 1) into a second area of a coupling biological system, wherein the second area is a degradable biological filler arrangement area, biological carrier fillers are arranged in the degradable biological filler arrangement area, and the sewage reacts for 1h in the degradable biological filler arrangement area;
3) introducing the sewage after the reaction in the degradable biological filler arrangement area in the step 2) into a third area of a coupled biological system, wherein the third area is a mixed arrangement area, and the conventional carrier filler and the biochar filler are arranged in the mixed arrangement area in a mixed manner and react for 2.5 hours in the mixed arrangement area;
4) introducing the sewage after reaction in the mixed arrangement area in the step 3) into a fourth area of a coupled biological system, wherein the fourth area is a modified biological carrier arrangement area, special biological modified fillers are arranged in the modified biological carrier arrangement area, the sewage reacts for 12 hours under the irradiation of a visible light source, and clear water is obtained after the sewage is led out from a water outlet;
the filling rate of the fillers in the degradable biological filler arrangement area, the mixed arrangement area and the modified biological carrier arrangement area is 10 percent;
the method comprises the following steps of 1) arranging a mechanical grating at a water inlet, 2) arranging a biological carrier filler which is rice hulls and is subjected to acid soaking for 1h, performing simple mechanical processing and solidification treatment to form a square with the size characteristic within the range of 1cm, 3) arranging a conventional carrier filler which is a suspension type stacking filler, 3) arranging raw materials of the biological carbon filler which are the rice hulls and corn cobs, and performing pyrolysis on the raw materials at 500 ℃ in an oxygen-limited heating carbonization mode for 3h, wherein a degradable biological filler arrangement area and a modified biological carrier arrangement area are aerated in a micro-aeration mode, the dissolved oxygen concentration is 1.5mg/L, and the deposition area and a mixed arrangement area are not aerated;
the particular bio-modified filler used in this example was the one obtained in example 1.
Example 5
A coupling biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff comprises the following steps:
1) leading in sewage from a water inlet of a coupling biological system, wherein the coupling biological system is divided into four areas from a first area to a fourth area, the sewage firstly enters the first area of the coupling biological system, the first area is a deposition area, and the deposition is carried out in the deposition area for 0.5 h;
2) introducing the sewage subjected to deposition in the step 1) into a second area of a coupling biological system, wherein the second area is a degradable biological filler arrangement area, biological carrier fillers are arranged in the degradable biological filler arrangement area, and the sewage reacts for 2h in the degradable biological filler arrangement area;
3) introducing the sewage after the reaction in the degradable biological filler arrangement area in the step 2) into a third area of a coupled biological system, wherein the third area is a mixed arrangement area, and the conventional carrier filler and the biochar filler are arranged in the mixed arrangement area in a mixed manner and react for 0.5h in the mixed arrangement area;
4) introducing the sewage after reaction in the mixed arrangement area in the step 3) into a fourth area of a coupled biological system, wherein the fourth area is a modified biological carrier arrangement area, special biological modified fillers are arranged in the modified biological carrier arrangement area, the sewage reacts for 8 hours under the irradiation of a visible light source, and clear water is obtained after the sewage is led out from a water outlet;
the filling rate of the fillers in the degradable biological filler arrangement area, the mixed arrangement area and the modified biological carrier arrangement area is 20 percent;
wherein the water inlet in the step 1) is provided with an artificial grating, the biological carrier filler in the step 2) is wood chips, the wood chips are soaked in alkali for 1 hour and are cured into spheres with the size characteristic within the range of 4cm through simple mechanical processing, the conventional carrier filler in the step 3) is a suspended elastic filler, the raw materials of the biological carbon filler in the step 3) are wood chips and straws, the raw materials are pyrolyzed for 5 hours in an oxygen-limited heating carbonization mode at the temperature of 600 ℃, a degradable biological filler arrangement area and a modified biological carrier arrangement area are aerated in a micro-aeration mode, the concentration of dissolved oxygen is 2.5mg/L, and a deposition area and a mixed arrangement area are not aerated;
the particular bio-modified filler used in this example was the one obtained in example 2.
Example 6
A coupling biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff comprises the following steps:
1) leading in sewage from a water inlet of a coupling biological system, wherein the coupling biological system is divided into four areas from a first area to a fourth area, the sewage firstly enters the first area of the coupling biological system, the first area is a deposition area, and the deposition is carried out in the deposition area for 0.5 h;
2) introducing the sewage subjected to deposition in the step 1) into a second area of a coupling biological system, wherein the second area is a degradable biological filler arrangement area, biological carrier fillers are arranged in the degradable biological filler arrangement area, and the sewage reacts for 2h in the degradable biological filler arrangement area;
3) introducing the sewage after the reaction in the degradable biological filler arrangement area in the step 2) into a third area of a coupled biological system, wherein the third area is a mixed arrangement area, and the conventional carrier filler and the biochar filler are arranged in the mixed arrangement area in a mixed manner and react for 2.5 hours in the mixed arrangement area;
4) introducing the sewage after reaction in the mixed arrangement area in the step 3) into a fourth area of a coupled biological system, wherein the fourth area is a modified biological carrier arrangement area, special biological modified fillers are arranged in the modified biological carrier arrangement area, the sewage reacts for 8 hours under the irradiation of a visible light source, and clear water is obtained after the sewage is led out from a water outlet;
the filling rate of the fillers in the degradable biological filler arrangement area, the mixed arrangement area and the modified biological carrier arrangement area is 15 percent;
the method comprises the following steps of 1) arranging a mechanical grating at a water inlet, 2) arranging a biological carrier filler which is straws at the water inlet, soaking the straws for 2h in acid, curing the straws into a cylindrical shape with the size characteristic within the range of 2cm through simple mechanical processing, 3) arranging a conventional carrier filler which is a suspension type stacking filler, 3) arranging the biological carbon filler with saw dust and corncobs as raw materials, and pyrolyzing the raw materials at 550 ℃ in an oxygen-limited heating carbonization mode for 3h, wherein a degradable biological filler arrangement area and a modified biological carrier arrangement area are aerated in a micro-aeration mode, the concentration of dissolved oxygen is 2.2mg/L, and a deposition area and a mixed arrangement area are not aerated;
the particular bio-modified filler used in this example was the one obtained in example 2.
Example 7
A coupling biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff comprises the following steps:
1) leading in sewage from a water inlet of a coupling biological system, wherein the coupling biological system is divided into four areas from a first area to a fourth area, the sewage firstly enters the first area of the coupling biological system, the first area is a deposition area, and the deposition is carried out in the deposition area for 0.5 h;
2) introducing the sewage subjected to deposition in the step 1) into a second area of a coupling biological system, wherein the second area is a degradable biological filler arrangement area, biological carrier fillers are arranged in the degradable biological filler arrangement area, and the sewage reacts for 2h in the degradable biological filler arrangement area;
3) introducing the sewage after the reaction in the degradable biological filler arrangement area in the step 2) into a third area of a coupled biological system, wherein the third area is a mixed arrangement area, and the conventional carrier filler and the biochar filler are arranged in the mixed arrangement area in a mixed manner and react for 2.5 hours in the mixed arrangement area;
4) introducing the sewage after reaction in the mixed arrangement area in the step 3) into a fourth area of a coupled biological system, wherein the fourth area is a modified biological carrier arrangement area, special biological modified fillers are arranged in the modified biological carrier arrangement area, the sewage reacts for 8 hours under the irradiation of a visible light source, and clear water is obtained after the sewage is led out from a water outlet;
the filling rate of the fillers in the degradable biological filler arrangement area, the mixed arrangement area and the modified biological carrier arrangement area is 15 percent;
wherein the water inlet in the step 1) is provided with a mechanical grating, the biological carrier filler in the step 2) is corncob, the corncob is soaked in alkali for 2 hours and is processed into a square with the size characteristic within the range of 3cm through simple mechanical processing and solidification, the conventional carrier filler in the step 3) is a suspended elastic filler, the raw materials of the biological carbon filler in the step 3) are straw, rice husk and corncob, the raw materials are put at 550 ℃ and pyrolyzed for 5 hours in an oxygen-limited heating carbonization mode, wherein a degradable biological filler arrangement area and a modified biological carrier arrangement area are aerated in a micro-aeration mode, the dissolved oxygen concentration is 2.5mg/L, and a deposition area and a mixed arrangement area are not aerated;
the particular bio-modified filler used in this example was the one obtained in example 3.
The water quality introduced into the clean water tank after being treated in the embodiments 4 to 7 is respectively detected, and the following detection results are obtained:
1) and (3) effluent COD detection: the average COD concentration in the effluent of example 4 was 16.37mg/L, the average COD removal rate was 88.05%, the average COD concentration in the effluent of example 5 was 16.76mg/L, the average COD removal rate was 87.77%, the average COD concentration in the effluent of example 6 was 17.01mg/L, the average COD removal rate was 87.58%, the average COD concentration in the effluent of example 7 was 16.52mg/L, and the average COD removal rate was 87.94%;
2) outlet water NH3-N detection: example 4 NH in effluent3Average concentration of-N is 2.14mg/L, NH3Average removal of-N88.47%, NH in effluent of example 53Average concentration of-N2.09 mg/L, NH3Average removal of-N88.70%, NH in effluent of example 63Average concentration of-N is 2.17mg/L, NH3Average removal of-N88.27%, NH in effluent of example 73Average concentration of-N is 2.31mg/L, NH3Average removal of-N is 87.51%;
3) and (3) effluent TN detection: the average concentration of TN in the effluent of example 4 was 6.09mg/L, the average removal rate of TN was 75.14%, the average concentration of TN in the effluent of example 5 was 6.14mg/L, the average removal rate of TN was 74.94%, the average concentration of TN in the effluent of example 6 was 6.21mg/L, the average removal rate of TN was 74.65%, the average concentration of TN in the effluent of example 7 was 6.17mg/L, and the average removal rate of TN was 74.82%;
4) and (3) effluent TP detection: the average concentration of TP in effluent of example 4 is 0.89mg/L, the average removal rate of TP is 72.14%, the average concentration of TP in effluent of example 5 is 0.91mg/L, the average removal rate of TP is 71.56%, the average concentration of TP in effluent of example 6 is 0.86mg/L, the average removal rate of TP is 73.12%, the average concentration of TP in effluent of example 7 is 0.81mg/L, and the average removal rate of TP is 74.69%;
5) and (3) effluent BOD detection: the average BOD concentration in the effluent of example 4 was 4.06mg/L, the average BOD removal rate was 85.24%, the average BOD concentration in the effluent of example 5 was 4.11mg/L, the average BOD removal rate was 85.06%, the average BOD concentration in the effluent of example 6 was 4.01mg/L, the average BOD removal rate was 85.42%, the average BOD concentration in the effluent of example 7 was 4.19mg/L, and the average BOD removal rate was 84.76%.
The detection values of the embodiment are average values of ten measurements, and the conclusion effectiveness is high.
The detection results show that the coupling biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff has a good water treatment effect.
Claims (7)
1. A coupling biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) introducing sewage from a water inlet of a coupling biological system, wherein the coupling biological system is divided into four areas including a first area, a second area and a third area, the sewage firstly enters the first area of the coupling biological system, the first area is a deposition area, and the deposition is carried out in the deposition area for 0-0.5 h;
2) introducing the sewage subjected to deposition in the step 1) into a second area of a coupling biological system, wherein the second area is a degradable biological filler arrangement area, biological carrier fillers are arranged in the degradable biological filler arrangement area, and the reaction is carried out for 1-2 hours in the degradable biological filler arrangement area;
3) introducing the sewage after the reaction in the degradable biological filler arrangement area in the step 2) into a third area of a coupled biological system, wherein the third area is a mixed arrangement area, and the conventional carrier filler and the biochar filler are arranged in the mixed arrangement area in a mixed manner and react for 0.5-2.5 hours in the mixed arrangement area;
4) introducing the sewage after reaction in the mixed arrangement area in the step 3) into a fourth area of a coupled biological system, wherein the fourth area is a modified biological carrier arrangement area, special biological modified fillers are arranged in the modified biological carrier arrangement area, the sewage reacts for 8-12 hours under the irradiation of a visible light source, and clear water is obtained after the sewage is led out from a water outlet; the preparation raw materials of the special biological modified filler comprise the following substances in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, 60-65 parts of dilute nitric acid, 75-80 parts of citric acid, 10-13 parts of ammonium metavanadate and 45-50 parts of distilled water; the preparation process of the special biological modified filler comprises the following steps:
a) equally dividing citric acid into two parts according to weight, dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and half of citric acid in dilute nitric acid, uniformly stirring to prepare solution A, dissolving ammonium metavanadate and the rest half of citric acid in distilled water, and uniformly stirring to prepare solution B;
b) uniformly mixing the solution A obtained in the step a) with the solution B to prepare a solution C, adjusting the pH value of the solution C to 6.2-6.5 by using ammonia water, and continuously heating and stirring at 65-85 ℃ until the solution turns blue to form a blue solution;
c) adding peanut shells or melon seed shells into the blue solution obtained in the step b), standing, taking out after the peanut shells or melon seed shells fully absorb the surface to form colloid, drying for 24-48 h at 75-85 ℃, then calcining for 3-5 h at 500-550 ℃, naturally cooling and grinding to obtain active particles;
d) dissolving the active particles obtained in the step c) and 8-10 times of the weight of the active particles in distilled water 50-300 times of the weight of the active particles to form a mixed solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution at 75-85 ℃ for 50-65 min, then adding a microporous structure filler, continuing carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 55-65 min, taking out and drying to obtain a special biological modified filler;
wherein step 1) water inlet department is equipped with the grid, and the grid is any one in mechanical grid and artifical grid, step 2) the biological carrier filler is any one in rice husk, saw-dust, straw, sawdust and corncob, and conventional carrier filler in step 3) is any one in suspension type pile filler and the elastic filler of suspension type, and wherein degradable biological filler arranges the district and modified biological carrier arranges the district and adopts the micro-aeration mode to aerate, and sedimentation zone and mixed arrangement district do not aerate, sedimentation zone upper portion is equipped with two bars, and degradable biological filler arranges the district and mixed arrangement district upper portion respectively is equipped with a bar.
2. The coupled biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff according to claim 1, wherein the microporous structure filler in the step d) comprises but is not limited to: sponge and polyurethane fillers; the volume ratio of the added microporous structure filler to the mixed solution in the step d) is 1: 4 to 5.
3. The coupled biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff according to claim 1, wherein the biological carrier filler in the step 2) is soaked in acid or alkali for 1-2 hours before being put into a device, and is solidified and treated into any one shape of a square, a sphere and a cylinder with the size characteristic within the range of 1-4 cm through simple mechanical processing.
4. The coupling biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff according to claim 1, wherein the raw material of the biochar filler in the step 3) is any one or more of rice hulls, sawdust, straws, sawdust and corncobs, and the raw material is subjected to pyrolysis for 3-5 hours at 500-600 ℃ in an oxygen-limited heating carbonization mode.
5. The coupled biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff according to claim 1, wherein the filling rate of the fillers in the degradable biological filler arrangement area, the mixed arrangement area and the modified biological carrier arrangement area is 10-20%.
6. The coupled biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of dissolved oxygen in sewage is kept to be 1.5-2.5 mg/L during micro-aeration of the degradable biological filler arrangement area and the modified biological carrier arrangement area.
7. The coupled biological treatment process for synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff according to claim 1, wherein the whole coupled biological system is controlled by a PLC automatic control system.
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