CN107980614B - Hybrid wheat florescence adjusting seed production method - Google Patents
Hybrid wheat florescence adjusting seed production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107980614B CN107980614B CN201711291140.9A CN201711291140A CN107980614B CN 107980614 B CN107980614 B CN 107980614B CN 201711291140 A CN201711291140 A CN 201711291140A CN 107980614 B CN107980614 B CN 107980614B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid wheat florescence adjusting seed production method in the technical field of hybrid wheat seed production, which comprises the following steps: 1) the method comprises the steps of (1) determination of seeding density of basic seedlings of a male parent and a female parent in hybrid wheat seed production, 2) specific adjustment of seeding density of the basic seedlings of the male parent and 3) determination of seeding quantity of the male parent and the female parent according to the seeding density of the basic seedlings of the male parent and the female parent, adjustment of the flowering phase of the male parent and the female parent by adjusting the planting density of the male parent according to growth and development characteristics of wheat per se in combination with early-stage experimental research of the planting density and the growth period, and realization of hybrid wheat flowering phase adjustment seed production with flowering phase meeting, compared with staged seeding, the method disclosed by the invention can be mechanically operated in the whole process, is simple and; compared with hormone spraying, the method adopts the planting density to adjust the flowering phase, is simple to operate, easy to master, low in cost, free of potential pollution possibly caused by hormone regulators, and free of additional manual investment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hybrid wheat seed production, in particular to a hybrid wheat florescence adjusting seed production method.
Background
The hybrid wheat is an effective way for further improving the yield level and stress resistance of the wheat, the stress resistance of the wheat comprises disease resistance, drought resistance, heat resistance, salt and alkali resistance and the like, and through years of research, China establishes a matched light-temperature sensitive two-line hybrid wheat application technical system; for successful popularization and application of hybrid wheat, firstly, hybrid wheat varieties with strong superiority must be provided, and secondly, seeds of the hybrid wheat varieties must be produced efficiently; generally, by test crossing a male parent (also called a 'restorer') and a female parent (also called a 'sterile line') with the same or similar growth periods (particularly heading period and flowering period), the probability of occurrence of a strong-superiority hybrid wheat variety is low and often less than one in thousandth, if the growth periods of the male parent and the female parent are different to a certain extent, the probability of occurrence of the strong-superiority hybrid wheat variety is obviously improved after the male parent and the female parent are hybridized, a plurality of excellent hybrid wheat combined varieties bred at present, such as Yuza 5, Yuza 6, Yuza 9, Yuza 12, Yuza 15 and the like, have the difference of 5-15 days between the growth periods of the male parent and the female parent, and only the growth period of the Yuza 3 female parent and the male parent is similar; the growth period of the male parent is different from that of the female parent, so that the method is favorable for breeding the hybrid wheat combination variety with strong superiority, but brings adverse effects to the seed production.
The two-line hybrid wheat seed production is the same as the two-line hybrid rice seed production, the female parent (self-sterile and incapable of producing seeds) needs to accept the pollen of the male parent to seed, the seeds harvested from the female parent are hybrid seeds, and the hybrid seeds can be used for large-area production and planting of farmers. In the actual seed production, no matter which seed production technical mode is adopted, the male parent and the female parent are planted according to a certain proportion and arrangement mode, the seed production yield is a key index for judging whether the seed production technology is mature, and the production cost of hybrid seeds is directly influenced; the seed production yield is related to the planting proportion and arrangement mode of the male parent and the female parent, and the flowering synchronization of the male parent and the female parent is crucial; the vigor of the stigma of the wheat female parent is strongest in 3-5 days after flowering, the pollen of the male parent is received in the period, the maturing rate is highest, if most male parents cannot flower in the period in the seed production field and enough pollen is provided for the female parent, the seed production yield is influenced, the influence degree depends on the flower-period meeting degree of the male parents and the female parent, and if the flower periods do not meet at all, no grain is available; because the growth periods (especially the flowering periods) of the male parent and the female parent of a considerable part of strong-superiority hybrid wheat varieties have certain difference, in order to realize the flowering period meeting during the seed production, the following 2 technical schemes are mainly adopted:
one is male parent and female parent sowing by stages: the male parent and the female parent are sowed at different time to realize the florescence meeting. For example: if the earlier stage observation shows that the flowering period of the male parent is 3-5 days earlier than that of the female parent when the male parent and the female parent are sown at the same time, the female parent is sown firstly, and the male parent is sown within a certain time after the female parent seedlings, otherwise, if the flowering period of the male parent is obviously later than that of the female parent, the male parent is sown in advance; the disadvantages of this solution are: the method is difficult to realize mechanical operation in large-area production seed production, is labor-consuming and time-consuming, has high cost, is inconvenient for field management such as irrigation, fertilization and the like, and is only suitable for producing a small amount of hybrid seeds for testing at the initial stage of research.
The second is that the male parent and the female parent are sowed synchronously, the growth period and the flowering period are adjusted by hormone growth regulators, the flowering period is met, the male parent and the female parent are sowed synchronously during seed production, according to the known flowering period difference of the male parent and the female parent, regulators such as gibberellin, multiple-effect files, compound hormones and the like are sprayed at different growth stages to inhibit or promote the growth of plants, the growth period and the flowering period are adjusted, and the flowering period is met, and the scheme has the defects that: different varieties and different temperature and humidity conditions have different responses to various growth regulators, certain risks are brought to the meeting of the final flowering phases, the regulators are usually only sprayed on male parents or female parents separately when the regulators are applied, the male parents and the female parents are planted in the same field, the actual operation requirement is high, and the medicine use cost and the labor cost are increased.
According to the growth and development characteristics of wheat, the early-stage experimental study of the planting density and the growth period is combined, and the production application results of many years are combined, so that the flowering phase difference of male parents and female parents is 4-15 days, the flowering phase of the male parents and the female parents is adjusted by adjusting the planting density of the male parents, and the flowering phase-meeting hybrid wheat flowering phase adjustment seed production method is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hybrid wheat florescence adjusting seed production method to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for regulating the florescence of hybrid wheat for seed production comprises the following steps:
1) determination of seeding density of basic seedlings of male parent and female parent in hybrid wheat seed production
The female parent takes 14.5-15.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu as basic seedling sowing density, the basic seedling sowing density of the male parent is adjusted to adapt to the flowering phase of the female parent, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 4-7 days different from that of the female parent, the sowing density of the male parent is 1.5-2.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu different from that of the basic seedling of the female parent, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 8-11 days different from that of the female parent, the sowing density of the male parent is 3.5-4.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu different from that of the basic seedling of the female parent, and when the flowering phase of the male parent is 12-15 days different from that of the basic seedling of the female parent, the sowing density of the male parent is 5;
2) the seeding density of basic seedlings of the male parent is specifically adjusted
The female parent takes 14.5-15.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu as the best basic seedling seeding density, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 4-7 days earlier than that of the female parent, the male parent realizes the flower-period meeting according to the basic seedling seeding density of 12.5-13.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 4-7 days later than that of the female parent, the male parent realizes the flowering phase meeting according to the basic seedling seeding density of 16.5-17.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 8-11 days earlier than that of the female parent, the male parent can realize the flowering phase meeting according to the basic seedling seeding density of 10.5-11.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 8-11 days later than that of the female parent, the male parent can realize the flowering phase meeting according to the basic seedling seeding density of 18.5-19.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 12-15 days earlier than that of the female parent, the male parent can realize the flowering phase meeting according to the seeding of 8.5-9.5 ten thousand seedlings per mu of basic seedlings, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 12-15 days later than that of the female parent, the male parent can realize the flowering phase meeting according to the basic seedling seeding density of 20.5-21.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu;
3) determining the seeding quantity of the male parent and the female parent according to the seeding density of the basic seedlings of the male parent and the female parent
The formula for calculating the seeding quantity is as follows:
wherein, the unit of the seeding quantity is: kilogram/mu, basic seedling unit is: each mu of seedlings is as follows, the unit of thousand seed weight: g;
preferably, the flowering period of the female parent is 3-5 days after the female parent flowers.
Preferably, the florescence meeting is that more than 70% of male parents can bloom in the same period within 3-5 days after the female parents bloom.
Preferably, the basic seedlings are actual seedlings per mu after sowing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: a hybrid wheat florescence adjustment seed production method is developed by combining earlier experimental research of planting density and growth period and production application results of many years according to the growth and development characteristics of wheat per se, adjusting the florescence of a male parent and a female parent by adjusting the planting density of the male parent with a florescence difference of 4-15 days, and realizing the florescence adjustment seed production method of the hybrid wheat with florescence meeting, compared with staged sowing, the method can be mechanically operated in the whole process, is simple and convenient to operate, is efficient, requires less manpower and is low in cost; compared with hormone spraying, the method adopts the planting density to adjust the flowering phase, is simple to operate, easy to master, low in cost, free of potential pollution possibly caused by hormone regulators, and free of additional manual investment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
100 mu of hybrid wheat variety 'Yunza No. 5' is produced in the agricultural machinery cooperative society of nongxing, Lufeng county, Chuxiong, Yunan province from 10 late ten days in 2014 to 5 early days in 2015.
The male parent (namely the restorer line) of the' Yunhao 5 # is 01Y11069, the female parent (i.e. sterile line) is K78S, according to the multi-point observation result of many years, under the same basic seedling and same sowing condition, 01Y1The flowering phase of 1069 is 12-14 days later than that of K78S, and in order to realize the meeting of the two flowering phases during the same-period sowing in the production and seed production, the male parent 01Y1The basic seedlings of the-1069 need to be increased by 5.5-6.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu on the basis of the female parent K78S, and correspondingly, the seeding rate of the male parent and the female parent can be calculated by the following formula:
wherein, the thousand seed weight of the female parent is 25 g, the thousand seed weight of the male parent is 43 g, the germination rates of the female parent and the male parent are 95 percent, the field emergence rate is 75 percent, and the weight of the female parent and the male parent are 2 meters: alternately planting 1 meter of male parent strips, wherein the female parent occupies 2/3 of the seed production area, namely the area of the female parent per mu is 2/3 mu, the male parent occupies 1/3 of the seed production area, namely the area of the male parent per mu is 1/3 mu, the seeding density of the basic seedling of the female parent is 15 ten thousand seedlings/mu, and the seeding quantity is calculated to be 3.5 kg/mu; the basic seedlings of the male parent are 21 ten thousand seedlings per mu, and the seeding amount is calculated to be 4.2 kilograms per mu; converting and weighing seeds according to the actual area of the field and the area ratio of the male parent to the female parent;
using a disc type seeder to perform the following steps according to 2 m female parent belts: 1 meter of male parent belt, and completing the operations of sowing, fertilizing seed, covering seed and the like in 2 days. The management of fertilizer, water, disease, insect and weed in the seed production field is the same as that of the conventional wheat.
The implementation results are as follows: the female parent and the male parent enter the flowering period in 3 months by 2015, 77.2% of the male parent and the female parent meet the flowering period through sampling survey, and the average yield of 100 mu of hybrid seeds (harvested from the female parent) reaches 276.6 kg/mu.
Compared with the method of sowing by stages, the labor investment of 1 person per mu can be reduced at least in the sowing links (sowing, applying seed fertilizer and covering seeds), and the sowing progress can save at least 3 days; compared with hormone spraying, the method can save 2-3 personnel investment and hormone cost at least, and has simple seed production operation and stable effect, and net income increase of more than 200 yuan per mu.
Example 2:
20 mu of new hybrid wheat combination 'Yunhao No. 9' in Tengchong county in Baoshan city in Yunnan province from 10 late ten days in 2015 to 5 late days in 2016.
According to the earlier stage observation result, under the same basic seedling and same-period sowing conditions, the flowering phase of the male parent 06X-44 is 5 days earlier than that of the female parent K78S, the ear shoots are concentrated, in order to realize meeting of the flowering phases of the two-period sowing in the production and seed production, the basic seedling needs to be reduced by 1.5-2.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu on the basis of the female parent K456S, and correspondingly, the sowing amount of the male parent and the female parent is calculated by the following formula:
the thousand seed weight of the female parent is 32 g, the thousand seed weight of the male parent is 45 g, the germination rates of the female parent and the male parent are 90%, the field emergence rate is 75%, and the weight of the female parent is 2 m: the 1-meter male parent strips are alternately planted, the female parent occupies 2/3 of the seed production area, the male parent occupies 1/3 of the seed production area, the seeding density of the female parent basic seedling is 15 ten thousand seedlings/mu, and the seeding density of the male parent basic seedling is 13 ten thousand seedlings/mu. According to the calculation result, the seeding amount of the female parent is 4.7 kg/mu, and the seeding amount of the male parent is 2.9 kg/mu; converting and weighing seeds according to the actual area of the field and the proportion of the areas occupied by the male parent and the female parent;
using a disc type seeder to perform the following steps according to 2 m female parent belts: 1-meter male parent sowing in a mode of sowing seeds with zones, and the management of fertilizer, water, diseases, insects and weeds in a seed production field is the same as that of conventional wheat planting.
The implementation results are as follows: in the last 3 months of 2016, the female parent and the male parent enter the flowering period in succession, 83.5% of the male parent and the female parent meet in the flowering period by sampling survey, the flowering period of the male parent and the female parent meet well, the average yield of 20 mu hybrid seeds reaches 284.2 kg/mu, and the average yield of 20 mu hybrid seeds is 187.4 kg. The average mu yield value of 20 mu seed production reaches 1830 yuan/mu.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. A method for hybrid wheat florescence regulation seed production is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) determination of seeding density of basic seedlings of male parent and female parent in hybrid wheat seed production
The female parent takes 14.5-15.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu as basic seedling sowing density, the basic seedling sowing density of the male parent is adjusted to adapt to the flowering phase of the female parent, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 4-7 days different from that of the female parent, the sowing density of the male parent is 1.5-2.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu different from that of the basic seedling of the female parent, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 8-11 days different from that of the female parent, the sowing density of the male parent is 3.5-4.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu different from that of the basic seedling of the female parent, and when the flowering phase of the male parent is 12-15 days different from that of the basic seedling of the female parent, the sowing density of the male parent is 5;
2) the seeding density of basic seedlings of the male parent is specifically adjusted
The female parent takes 14.5-15.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu as the best basic seedling seeding density, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 4-7 days earlier than that of the female parent, the male parent realizes the flower-period meeting according to the basic seedling seeding density of 12.5-13.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 4-7 days later than that of the female parent, the male parent realizes the flowering phase meeting according to the basic seedling seeding density of 16.5-17.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 8-11 days earlier than that of the female parent, the male parent can realize the flowering phase meeting according to the basic seedling seeding density of 10.5-11.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 8-11 days later than that of the female parent, the male parent can realize the flowering phase meeting according to the basic seedling seeding density of 18.5-19.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 12-15 days earlier than that of the female parent, the male parent can realize the flowering phase meeting according to the seeding of 8.5-9.5 ten thousand seedlings per mu of basic seedlings, when the flowering phase of the male parent is 12-15 days later than that of the female parent, the male parent can realize the flowering phase meeting according to the basic seedling seeding density of 20.5-21.5 ten thousand seedlings/mu;
3) determining the seeding quantity of the male parent and the female parent according to the seeding density of the basic seedlings of the male parent and the female parent
The formula for calculating the seeding quantity is as follows:
wherein, the unit of the seeding quantity is: kilogram/mu, basic seedling unit is: each mu of seedlings is as follows, the unit of thousand seed weight: g;
the flowering period of the female parent is 3-5 days after the female parent blooms, and the flowering period meeting is that more than 70% of male parents can bloom at the same time within 3-5 days after the female parent blooms.
2. The method for hybrid wheat seed production with flowering phase adjustment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the basic seedlings are the actual seedling number per mu after sowing.
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| CN106386147A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-02-15 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Method for improving parental hybridization flower synchronization of different varieties of wheat and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106386147A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-02-15 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Method for improving parental hybridization flower synchronization of different varieties of wheat and application thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 不同农业技术措施对调节小麦花期的效应;杨赞林等;《安徽农业科学》;19880330(第01期);第4-9页和第37页 * |
| 不同播种密度对亚麻温敏雄性不育系生长和育性的影响;***等;《干旱地区农业研究》;20090510(第03期);摘要和第23页右栏第3段 * |
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