CN107950353A - A kind of sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate and production method - Google Patents
A kind of sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate and production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107950353A CN107950353A CN201711380823.1A CN201711380823A CN107950353A CN 107950353 A CN107950353 A CN 107950353A CN 201711380823 A CN201711380823 A CN 201711380823A CN 107950353 A CN107950353 A CN 107950353A
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- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate and production method, and matrix is by mushroom slag, acid-sludge, the fermentation materials of manioc waste and medium coarse sand, charing husk or plant ash, coconut palm chaff and local soil type into it counts to form with parts by volume is：Mushroom slag, acid-sludge, 35 parts of the fermentation materials of manioc waste, 24 parts of medium coarse sand, carbonizes 12 parts of husk or plant ash, 24 parts of coconut palm chaff, 23 parts of soil；The physical and chemical index of the matrix is：Particle diameter≤50mm, 0.1 0.8g/cm of unit weight3, 0.1 0.8Mg/m of dry density3, wet density≤1.2Mg/m3, overall porosity ＞ 75%, saturation water absorbent rate ＞ 400%, water-holding porosity ＞ 60%, aeration porosity >=20%, size void ratio 0.25 0.7, pH value 5.0 8.0；The making of the matrix includes the working process of raw material, and the fermentation process of material, is mixed, measure, adjustment physical and chemical index, quantitative package and etc..Matrix produced by the invention, has good retentiveness and water penetration, is well suited for sponge urban afforestation plantation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of horticulture ground substance and production method, more particularly to a kind of sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate and
Production method, belongs to technical field of gardening.
Background technology
" sponge city " is a kind of based on the urban design theory that drought and waterlogging balance is maintained in city scope, it is desirable to which city is overall
In response environment change or during natural calamity, especially there is elasticity well in arid and flood, rainfall compared with
Water suction, infiltration and water storage are realized in the case of big, water source is discharged under arid situation.It will be apparent that this urban design
Theory has paid the utmost attention to ecological principle, and natural way and artificial approach are combined, and is ensuring municipal drainage prevention waterlogging safety
On the premise of, accumulation, infiltration and purification of the rainwater in urban area are realized to greatest extent, promote the utilization and life of rainwater resource
State environmental protection.
Sponge urban construction is the Important Project that state key is supported and developed, and the General Office of the State Council prints and distributes in October, 2015
《On promoting the instruction of sponge urban construction》, make the overall arrangement for promoting sponge urban construction work, Zhenjiang is put into entirely
First batch of 16 experimental cities of state, plan pilot project 273,88.67 hundred million yuan of gross investment；Project 155, gross investment in pilot area
40.6 hundred million yuan；By in by the end of August, 2017, finished project 193, project in construction 78, completes 68.87 hundred million yuan of investment；Pilot area
Interior finished project 111, project in construction 42, completes 33.21 hundred million yuan of investment.For the urban construction of specification sponge and management, push away
Into Ecological Civilization Construction, according to the relevant regulations of country, province's sponge urban construction and management, with reference to local reality, Zhenjiang takes the lead in
35, six chapter is formulated《Zhengjiang City's sponge city management method》, which implements 1 day from August in 2017.
The first sponge colleges and universities in Zhenjiang --- Jiangsu University sponge campus is completed in by the end of October, 2017 in, gravity stream wetland,
A variety of sponge landscapes such as multi-stage biological filter tank, Zhi Zai dmp filters area, ecological revetment will be presented first, allow sponge urban construction
Effect more intuitively shows common people.
At present, Zhenjiang newly-built community must be built by the supporting related facility of sponge city requirement, old residential community transformation, and road
If, wet land protection also actively implemented.
In sponge Process of Urban Development, greening is an important indicator, roof, garden, greenery patches be green plant etc. be required for by
Sponge city requirement is afforested, however, plantation greening needs supporting dedicated substrate and ensures, in order to improve city to rain
The absorption of water and using horizontal, sponge urban afforestation requirement using unit weight is light, load is small, pollution is low, good air permeability, performance stabilization,
Service life is long, easy for construction, good heat-insulation effect, and has the function of the dedicated substrate product of " water suction, water storage, infiltration, water purification ".
In the prior art, urban afforestation is still planted using general soil, some places are using common greening and horticulture ground substance
Cultivation, its water holding and permeability rate effect are undesirable, it is impossible to adapt to the requirement in sponge city, the application is in original gardening, greening base
On the basis of matter, the fermentation materials produced using the organic waste such as mushroom slag, acid-sludge fermenting raw materials substitute natural turf, in addition
Coarse sand, plant ash, coconut palm chaff etc., make matrix physicochemical property and water holding and permeability rate index etc. be significantly better than original matrix, are produced into
Originally it is greatly reduced, document retrieval is found, based on mushroom slag, acid-sludge, manioc waste fermentation materials and medium coarse sand, plant ash, coconut palm chaff
Raw material is wanted, the sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate country of production is there is not yet relevant report.
The application substrate products, are that continuous research and development test is passed through by Jiangsu Xing Nong matrix company, by sponge urban construction requirement
The functional matrix of innovation, meets the instruction of national sponge urban construction, and it is permeable good to have, without any chemical substance, with
Permeable stronger building medium coarse sand, import desalination coconut palm chaff etc. are main material, carry out scientific matching mixing, can both prevent matrix from existing
Water shortage dries up under the conditions of extreme drought, also can guarantee that matrix rapid water suction moistening after moisturizing again, ensures plant health growth.
Through verifying, in the case of it there is no national standard, professional standard and provincial standard, Jiangsu Xing Nong matrix company proposes simultaneously
It is responsible for drafting《Sponge urban afforestation specialty matrix》The company standard of product, according to《Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China》's
Regulation, the foundation which produces and sells as tissue, standard the key technical indexes and test method have references to LY/T1970-
2011《Greening organic substrate》, and combination this product is actual definite, according to GB/T 1.1-2009《The structure and volume of standard
Write》Write and stated, standard was issued on the 18th in August in 2017, the enterprise in the national standardization committee on the 14th of September in 2017
Industry standard information public service platform is put on record and is issued, standard No. Q/321112XNJZ001-2017, is current national sponge
The greening dedicated substrate of urban construction first choice.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide one kind with mushroom slag, acid-sludge, manioc waste fermentation materials and
Medium coarse sand, coconut palm chaff etc. are primary raw material, the technical solution of the sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate of production.
It is a further object to provide a kind of technical solution of sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate production method.
The technical scheme is that be accomplished by the following way：
A kind of sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate, by mushroom slag, acid-sludge, the fermentation materials of manioc waste and medium coarse sand, charing husk or
Plant ash, coconut palm chaff and local soil type into, it is characterised in that：The base starting material carries out uniformly mixing and stirs by a certain percentage after pretreatment
Mix, then sieved, packed, form the soil product with Sponge characteristics；The sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate is with body
Product part meter, consisting of：Mushroom slag, acid-sludge, 3-5 parts of the fermentation materials of manioc waste, 2-4 parts of medium coarse sand, carbonizes husk or plant ash
1-2 parts, 2-4 parts of coconut palm chaff is 2-3 parts native.
The sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate essential characteristic it is general require be：
A) there is excellent plant root adaptability；
B) product is light and handy but not generation dust disperses as soil, and water absorbing properties are excellent, and the elastomer of sponge is presented after water suction
Structure；
C) product has preferable drainage performance, is 10-16 times of normal soil rain penetration speed, can meet to afforest operation
It is required that；
D) the pre-buried enough organic fertilizer of product and inorganic slow-release material, absorb water uniform and stable.
The physical and chemical index of finished substrate is：Particle diameter≤50mm, unit weight 0.1-0.8g/cm3, dry density 0.1-0.8Mg/m3, it is wet
Density≤1.2Mg/m3, overall porosity ＞ 75%, saturation water absorbent rate ＞ 400%, water-holding porosity ＞ 60%, aeration porosity >=
20%, size void ratio 0.25-0.7, pH value 5.0-8.0.
The appearance and olfactory index of the matrix be：Quality is loose, without different smell, without clearly visible debris, in brown or brown
Color solid particle, particle are uniform.
The mushroom slag is the mixing mushroom slag of needle mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag or needle mushroom and Pleurotus eryngii, water content 45-60%,
PH is 5.5-7.5；The acid-sludge is the leftover bits and pieces of Zhi Cu enterprises, water content 50-65%, pH 5.0-6.5；The manioc waste is
Leftover bits and pieces after cassava materials extraction alcohol, then the residue formed after anaerobic fermentation produces biogas, water content 55-65%, pH are
5.5-7.0。
The medium coarse sand is yellow sand for building, maximum particle diameter≤50mm of particle, and the granule content of wherein≤20mm is not
Less than 85%；The charing husk is the bran particle that the irregular material left after combusting rice hull is carbonized is formed through broken, sieving
Material；The ashes that the plant ash is agricultural crop straw and weeds, trees leave after burning.
The coconut palm chaff is domestic or import coconut palm chaff, using wet expansion working process；It is described soil for loess, vegetable garden soil,
Grogs of the land after broken processing.
The matrix formulations form volume ratio：Mushroom slag, acid-sludge, 5 parts of the fermentation materials of manioc waste, 4 parts of medium coarse sand, charing
2 parts of husk or plant ash, 4 parts of coconut palm chaff, 3 parts of soil.
The matrix formulations form volume ratio：Mushroom slag, acid-sludge, 4 parts of the fermentation materials of manioc waste, 3 parts of medium coarse sand, charing
1.5 parts of husk or plant ash, 3 parts of coconut palm chaff, 2 parts of soil.
The matrix formulations form volume ratio：Mushroom slag, acid-sludge, 3 parts of the fermentation materials of manioc waste, 2 parts of medium coarse sand, charing
1 part of husk or plant ash, 2 parts of coconut palm chaff, 2 parts of soil.
The physical and chemical index of the matrix is：Particle diameter 2-30mm, unit weight 0.6g/cm3, dry density 0.55Mg/m3, wet density≤
1.2Mg/m3, overall porosity 78%, saturation water absorbent rate 410%, water-holding porosity 65%, aeration porosity 23%, size void ratio
0.5, pH value 6.0.
A kind of production method of sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate, making step are as follows：
1）The working process of raw material
1. mushroom slag, acid-sludge, the manioc waste in raw material are broken into the particulate matter of particle diameter≤30mm；
2. soil is crushed, is dried, is screened to particle diameter≤30mm, water content 15-25%；
3. the granule materials for charing husk or plant ash being crushed, being screened into particle diameter≤20mm are spare；
4. coconut palm chaff is used into wet expansion working process, water content 50-65%, diameter≤5mm, length≤50mm.
2）The fermentation process of material：After mushroom slag in raw material, acid-sludge, manioc waste are mixed by formula rate, composting is carried out
Fermentation maturity is handled 30-50 days, and is adjusted according to season and temperature；After material is fully decomposed, crushed, dried,
Sieving obtains fermentation materials；In the fermentation materials, mushroom slag accounts for 40-60%, acid-sludge 20-30%, manioc waste 20-30%；
3）It is mixed：By step 2）Obtained fermentation materials and step 1）2.-the soil that 4. obtains, charing husk or plant ash,
Coconut palm chaff and medium coarse sand uniformly mix, and form matrix semi-finished product；
4）Measure, adjustment physical and chemical index：The physical and chemical index of measure, adjustment matrix, makes particle diameter, unit weight, dry density, wet density, total
Porosity, saturation water absorbent rate, water-holding porosity, aeration porosity, size void ratio, EC values and pH indexs meet finished substrate
It is required that physical and chemical index value；
5）Quantitative package：The sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate made quantitatively is loaded into packaging bag, every bag of charge weight 40-50L.
The time of the fermentation process is 40 days.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1st, the present invention is required according to sponge urban afforestation matrix, with reference to garden crop growth and development characteristic, by quality is thin, retentiveness
Good manioc waste and ventilate, the mushroom slag that permeability is high, be made particle fermentation materials after acid-sludge mixed fermentation, then with medium coarse sand,
Carbonize husk or plant ash and coconut palm chaff uniformly mixes, science is formulated, have " unit weight is light, load is small, pollution is low, good air permeability,
Performance is stable, service life is long, easy for construction, good heat-insulation effect, while has higher retentiveness and water penetration, stronger plant
The features such as drought resistance and preferable plant cold resistance ".Meanwhile the coconut palm chaff organic matter degradation phase is especially long, charing husk crumb structure is good,
Quality is light, retain water and nutrients, resistance of rainwater washing against, is well suited for urban afforestation solarization, wind, the environmental condition to drench with rain.
2nd, sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate produced by the invention, with the addition of extremely strong wet material, can both prevent base
Matter water shortage under the conditions of extreme drought dries up, and also can guarantee that matrix rapid water suction moistening after moisturizing again, ensures green plants
Healthy growth, is the greening dedicated substrate of current sponge urban construction first choice, deep to be welcome by construction unit.
3rd, matrix quality of the present invention is light, retentiveness and good water permeability, and the content of organic matter is enriched, nontoxic pollution-free, nothing
Weed seed, containing beneficial microbe, it is possible to increase greening plant disease resistance, can be widely applied to sponge urban afforestation.
4th, mushroom slag, acid-sludge, manioc waste and coconut palm chaff etc. are all industrial or agricultural organic wastes, and quantity is more, and purposes is few, for sponge
The raw material of urban afforestation matrix, is the recycling of organic waste, can not only reduce environmental pollution, and can become give up into
Treasured, turns harm into good, and achieves many things at one stroke.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that the embodiment be merely to illustrate the present invention and
It is not used in and limits the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, various of equal value shapes of the those skilled in the art to the present invention
The modification of formula falls within the application appended claims limited range.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate, by mushroom slag, acid-sludge, the fermentation materials of manioc waste and medium coarse sand, charing husk or
Plant ash, coconut palm chaff and local soil type are into the base starting material is uniformly mixed by a certain percentage after pretreatment, is then carried out
Sieve, packaging, form the soil product with Sponge characteristics；It counts to form with parts by volume：The fermentation of mushroom slag, acid-sludge, manioc waste
5 parts of material, 4 parts of medium coarse sand, carbonizes 2 parts of husk or plant ash, 4 parts of coconut palm chaff, 3 parts of soil.
The matrix essential characteristic it is general require be：
A) there is excellent plant root adaptability；
B) product is light and handy but not generation dust disperses as soil, and water absorbing properties are excellent, and the elastomer of sponge is presented after water suction
Structure；
C) product has preferable drainage performance, is 10-16 times of normal soil rain penetration speed, can meet to afforest operation
It is required that；
D) the pre-buried enough organic fertilizer of product and inorganic slow-release material, absorb water uniform and stable.
The physical and chemical index of finished substrate is：Particle diameter 2-30mm, unit weight 0.6g/cm3, dry density 0.55Mg/m3, wet density≤
1.2Mg/m3, overall porosity 78%, saturation water absorbent rate 410%, water-holding porosity 65%, aeration porosity 23%, size void ratio
0.5, pH value 6.0.
The appearance and olfactory index of the matrix be：Quality is loose, without different smell, without clearly visible debris, in brown or brown
Color solid particle, particle are uniform.
Mushroom slag is gloomy cyclopentadienyl（Jiangsu）The leftover bits and pieces of biotechnology edible mushroom Co., Ltd factory culture needle mushroom, water content
50%, pH 6.5；Acid-sludge is Zhenjiang perseverance along the leftover bits and pieces of vinegar industry vinegar, water content 55%, pH 5.5；Manioc waste is Zhenjiang alcohol
Factory is using the leftover bits and pieces after cassava materials extraction alcohol, then the residue formed after anaerobic fermentation generation biogas, water content 60%,
PH is 6.0.
Medium coarse sand is yellow sand for building, maximum particle diameter≤50mm of particle, and the granule content of wherein≤20mm is no less than
85%；Charing husk is the bran granule materials that the irregular material left after combusting rice hull is carbonized is formed through broken, sieving；Grass
The ashes that wood ash is agricultural crop straw and weeds, trees leave after burning.
Coconut palm chaff is import coconut palm chaff, using wet expansion working process；Grogs of the soil for loess after broken processing.
The production method and step of the sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate are as follows：
1）The working process of raw material
1. mushroom slag, acid-sludge, the manioc waste in raw material are broken into the particulate matter of particle diameter≤30mm；
2. soil is crushed, is dried, is screened to particle diameter≤30mm, water content 15-25%；
3. the granule materials for charing husk or plant ash being crushed, being screened into particle diameter≤20mm are spare；
4. coconut palm chaff is used into wet expansion working process, water content 50-65%, diameter≤5mm, length≤50mm.
2）The fermentation process of material：After mushroom slag in raw material, acid-sludge, manioc waste are mixed by formula rate, composting is carried out
Fermentation maturity is handled 40 days, and fermentation materials are formed by broken, dry, sieving；Fermentation time is adjusted according to season and temperature
Whole, summer temp is high, and fermentation time can be shorter, and winter temperature is low, and fermentation time needs length a bit；In the fermentation materials,
Mushroom slag 50%, acid-sludge 25%, manioc waste 25%.
3）It is mixed：By step 2）Obtained fermentation materials and step 1）2.-soil, charing husk or the vegetation 4. obtained
Ash, coconut palm chaff and medium coarse sand uniformly mix, and form matrix semi-finished product；
4）Measure, adjustment physical and chemical index：The physical and chemical index of measure, adjustment matrix, makes particle diameter, unit weight, dry density, wet density, total
Porosity, saturation water absorbent rate, water-holding porosity, aeration porosity, size void ratio, EC values and pH indexs meet finished substrate
It is required that physical and chemical index value；
5）Quantitative package：The sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate made quantitatively is loaded into packaging bag, every bag of charge weight 50L.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate, by mushroom slag, acid-sludge, the fermentation materials of manioc waste and medium coarse sand, charing husk or
Plant ash, coconut palm chaff and local soil type are into the base starting material is uniformly mixed by a certain percentage after pretreatment, is then carried out
Sieve, packaging, form the soil product with Sponge characteristics；It counts to form with parts by volume：The fermentation of mushroom slag, acid-sludge, manioc waste
3 parts of material, 2 parts of medium coarse sand, carbonizes 1 part of husk or plant ash, 2 parts of coconut palm chaff, 2 parts of soil；
The matrix essential characteristic it is general require be：
A) there is excellent plant root adaptability；
B) product is light and handy but not generation dust disperses as soil, and water absorbing properties are excellent, and the elastomer of sponge is presented after water suction
Structure；
C) product has preferable drainage performance, is 10-16 times of normal soil rain penetration speed, can meet to afforest operation
It is required that；
D) the pre-buried enough organic fertilizer of product and inorganic slow-release material, absorb water uniform and stable.
The physical and chemical index of finished substrate is：Particle diameter≤50mm, unit weight 0.8g/cm3, dry density 0.8Mg/m3, wet density≤
1.2Mg/m3, overall porosity ＞ 75%, saturation water absorbent rate ＞ 400%, water-holding porosity ＞ 60%, aeration porosity >=20%, greatly
Fine pore is than 0.7, pH value 8.0.
The appearance and olfactory index of the matrix be：Quality is loose, without different smell, without clearly visible debris, in brown or brown
Color solid particle, particle are uniform.
Mushroom slag is gloomy cyclopentadienyl（Jiangsu）The leftover bits and pieces of biotechnology edible mushroom Co., Ltd factory culture Pleurotus eryngii, water content
60%, pH 7.5；Acid-sludge is Zhenjiang perseverance along the leftover bits and pieces of vinegar industry vinegar, water content 65%, pH 6.5；Manioc waste is Zhenjiang alcohol
Factory is using the leftover bits and pieces after cassava materials extraction alcohol, then the residue formed after anaerobic fermentation generation biogas, water content 65%,
PH is 7.0.
Medium coarse sand is yellow sand for building, maximum particle diameter≤50mm of particle, and the granule content of wherein≤20mm is no less than
85%；Charing husk is that the irregular material warp left after combusting rice hull is carbonized is broken, sieve the bran granule materials formed, grain
Footpath 0.5-2mm；The ashes that plant ash is agricultural crop straw and weeds, trees leave after burning.
Coconut palm chaff is domestic coconut palm chaff, using wet expansion working process；Grogs of the soil for vegetable garden soil after broken processing.
The production method and step of the sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate are as follows：
1）The working process of raw material
1. mushroom slag, acid-sludge, the manioc waste in raw material are broken into the particulate matter of particle diameter≤30mm；
2. vegetable garden soil is crushed, is dried, is screened to particle diameter≤30mm, water content 15-25%；
3. the granule materials for charing husk or plant ash being crushed, being screened into particle diameter≤20mm are spare；
4. coconut palm chaff is used into wet expansion working process, water content 50-65%, diameter≤5mm, length≤50mm.
2）The fermentation process of material：After mushroom slag in raw material, acid-sludge, manioc waste are mixed by formula rate, composting is carried out
Fermentation maturity is handled 30 days, and fermentation materials are formed by broken, dry, sieving；Fermentation time is adjusted according to season and temperature
Whole, summer temp is high, and fermentation time can be shorter, and winter temperature is low, and fermentation time needs length a bit.In the fermentation materials,
Mushroom slag 40%, acid-sludge 30%, manioc waste 30%.
3）It is mixed：By step 2）Obtained fermentation materials and step 1）2.-soil, charing husk or the vegetation 4. obtained
Ash, coconut palm chaff and medium coarse sand uniformly mix, and form matrix semi-finished product；
4）Measure, adjustment physical and chemical index：The physical and chemical index of measure, adjustment matrix, makes particle diameter, unit weight, dry density, wet density, total
Porosity, saturation water absorbent rate, water-holding porosity, aeration porosity, size void ratio, EC values and pH indexs meet finished substrate
It is required that physical and chemical index value；
5）Quantitative package：The sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate made quantitatively is loaded into packaging bag, every bag of charge weight 40L.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate, by mushroom slag, acid-sludge, the fermentation materials of manioc waste and medium coarse sand, charing husk or
Plant ash, coconut palm chaff and local soil type are into the base starting material is uniformly mixed by a certain percentage after pretreatment, is then carried out
Sieve, packaging, form the soil product with Sponge characteristics；It counts to form with parts by volume：The fermentation of mushroom slag, acid-sludge, manioc waste
4 parts of material, 3 parts of medium coarse sand, carbonizes 1.5 parts of husk or plant ash, 3 parts of coconut palm chaff, 2 parts of soil.
The matrix essential characteristic it is general require be：
A) there is excellent plant root adaptability；
B) product is light and handy but not generation dust disperses as soil, and water absorbing properties are excellent, and the elastomer of sponge is presented after water suction
Structure；
C) product has preferable drainage performance, is 10-16 times of normal soil rain penetration speed, can meet to afforest operation
It is required that；
D) the pre-buried enough organic fertilizer of product and inorganic slow-release material, absorb water uniform and stable.
The physical and chemical index of finished substrate is：Particle diameter≤50mm, unit weight 0.1g/cm3, dry density 0.1Mg/m3, wet density≤
1.2Mg/m3, overall porosity ＞ 75%, saturation water absorbent rate ＞ 400%, water-holding porosity ＞ 60%, aeration porosity >=20%, greatly
Fine pore is than 0.25, pH value 5.0.
The appearance and olfactory index of the matrix be：Quality is loose, without different smell, without clearly visible debris, in brown or brown
Color solid particle, particle are uniform.
Mushroom slag is gloomy cyclopentadienyl（Jiangsu）The leftover bits and pieces of biotechnology edible mushroom Co., Ltd factory culture Pleurotus eryngii, water content
45%, pH 5.5；Acid-sludge is Zhenjiang perseverance along the leftover bits and pieces of vinegar industry vinegar, water content 50%, pH 5.0；Manioc waste is Zhenjiang alcohol
Factory is using the leftover bits and pieces after cassava materials extraction alcohol, then the residue formed after anaerobic fermentation generation biogas, water content 55%,
PH is 5.5.
Medium coarse sand is yellow sand for building, maximum particle diameter≤50mm of particle, and the granule content of wherein≤20mm is no less than
85%；Charing husk is the bran granule materials that the irregular material left after combusting rice hull is carbonized is formed through broken, sieving；Grass
The ashes that wood ash is agricultural crop straw and weeds, trees leave after burning.
Coconut palm chaff is domestic coconut palm chaff, using wet expansion working process；Grogs of the soil for land after broken processing.
The production method and step of the sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate are as follows：
1）The working process of raw material
1. mushroom slag, acid-sludge, the manioc waste in raw material are broken into the particulate matter of particle diameter≤30mm；
2. land is crushed, is dried, is screened to particle diameter≤30mm, water content 15-25%；
3. the granule materials for charing husk or plant ash being crushed, being screened into particle diameter≤20mm are spare；
4. coconut palm chaff is used into wet expansion working process, water content 50-65%, diameter≤5mm, length≤50mm.
2）The fermentation process of material：After mushroom slag in raw material, acid-sludge, manioc waste are mixed by formula rate, composting is carried out
Fermentation maturity is handled 50 days, and fermentation materials are formed by broken, dry, sieving；Fermentation time is adjusted according to season and temperature
Whole, summer temp is high, and fermentation time can be shorter, and winter temperature is low, and fermentation time needs length a bit；In the fermentation materials,
Mushroom slag 60%, acid-sludge 20%, manioc waste 20%.
3）It is mixed：By step 2）Obtained fermentation materials and step 1）2.-soil, charing husk or the vegetation 4. obtained
Ash, coconut palm chaff and medium coarse sand uniformly mix, and form matrix semi-finished product；
4）Measure, adjustment physical and chemical index：The physical and chemical index of measure, adjustment matrix, makes particle diameter, unit weight, dry density, wet density, total
Porosity, saturation water absorbent rate, water-holding porosity, aeration porosity, size void ratio, EC values and pH indexs meet finished substrate
It is required that physical and chemical index value；
5）Quantitative package：The sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate made quantitatively is loaded into packaging bag, every bag of charge weight 50L.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate, by mushroom slag, acid-sludge, the fermentation materials of manioc waste and medium coarse sand, charing husk Or plant ash, coconut palm chaff and local soil type into, it is characterised in that：The base starting material is uniformly mixed by a certain percentage after pretreatment Stirring, is then sieved, is packed, and forms the soil product with Sponge characteristics；The sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate with Parts by volume meter, consisting of：Mushroom slag, acid-sludge, 3-5 parts of the fermentation materials of manioc waste, 2-4 parts of medium coarse sand, carbonizes husk or vegetation 1-2 parts grey, 2-4 parts of coconut palm chaff is 2-3 parts native；The sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate essential characteristic it is general require be：A) there is excellent plant root adaptability；B) product is light and handy but not generation dust disperses as soil, and water absorbing properties are excellent, and the elastomer of sponge is presented after water suction Structure；C) product has preferable drainage performance, is 10-16 times of normal soil rain penetration speed, can meet to afforest operation It is required that；D) the pre-buried enough organic fertilizer of product and inorganic slow-release material, absorb water uniform and stable；The physical and chemical index of the matrix is：Particle diameter≤50mm, unit weight 0.1-0.8g/cm3, dry density 0.1-0.8Mg/m3, wet density≤ 1.2Mg/m3, overall porosity ＞ 75%, saturation water absorbent rate ＞ 400%, water-holding porosity ＞ 60%, aeration porosity >=20%, greatly Fine pore is than 0.25-0.7, pH value 5.0-8.0；The appearance and olfactory index of the matrix be：Quality is loose, without different smell, without clearly visible debris, consolidates in brown or brown Body particle, particle are uniform.
- A kind of 2. sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The mushroom slag for needle mushroom, The mixing mushroom slag of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag or needle mushroom and Pleurotus eryngii, water content 45-60%, pH 5.5-7.5；The acid-sludge is system The leftover bits and pieces of vinegar enterprise, water content 50-65%, pH 5.0-6.5；The manioc waste is the leftover bits and pieces after cassava materials extraction alcohol Material, then the residue formed after anaerobic fermentation produces biogas, water content 55-65%, pH 5.5-7.0.
- A kind of 3. sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The medium coarse sand is for building Yellow sand, maximum particle diameter≤50mm of particle, and the granule content of wherein≤20mm are no less than 85%；The charing husk is rice husk The bran granule materials that the irregular material left after burning carbonization is formed through broken, sieving；The plant ash is crops straw The ashes left after stalk and weeds, trees burning.
- A kind of 4. sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The coconut palm chaff to be domestic or Import coconut palm chaff, using wet expansion working process, water content 50-65%, diameter≤5mm, length≤50mm；It is described soil for loess, The grogs of vegetable garden soil, land after broken processing.
- A kind of 5. sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The matrix formulations form body Accumulating ratio is：Mushroom slag, acid-sludge, 5 parts of the fermentation materials of manioc waste, 4 parts of medium coarse sand, carbonizes 2 parts of husk or plant ash, 4 parts of coconut palm chaff, soil 3 parts.
- A kind of 6. sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The matrix formulations form body Accumulating ratio is：1.5 parts of mushroom slag, acid-sludge, 4 parts of the fermentation materials of manioc waste, 3 parts of medium coarse sand, charing husk or plant ash, 3 parts of coconut palm chaff, 2 parts of soil.
- A kind of 7. sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The matrix formulations form body Accumulating ratio is：Mushroom slag, acid-sludge, 3 parts of the fermentation materials of manioc waste, 2 parts of medium coarse sand, carbonizes 1 part of husk or plant ash, 2 parts of coconut palm chaff, soil 2 parts.
- A kind of 8. sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The physical and chemical index of the matrix For：Particle diameter 2-30mm, unit weight 0.6g/cm3, dry density 0.55Mg/m3, wet density≤1.2Mg/m3, overall porosity 78%, saturation suction Water multiplying power 410%, water-holding porosity 65%, aeration porosity 23%, size void ratio 0.5, pH value 6.0.
- A kind of 9. production method of sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Making step is such as Under：1）The working process of raw material1. mushroom slag, acid-sludge, the manioc waste in raw material are broken into the particulate matter of particle diameter≤30mm；2. soil is crushed, is dried, is screened to particle diameter≤30mm, water content 15-25%；3. the granule materials for charing husk or plant ash being crushed, being screened into particle diameter≤20mm are spare；4. coconut palm chaff is used into wet expansion working process, water content 50-65%, diameter≤5mm, length≤50mm；2）The fermentation process of material：After mushroom slag in raw material, acid-sludge, manioc waste are mixed by formula rate, fermentation reactor system is carried out Decomposed processing 30-50 days, and be adjusted according to season and temperature；After material is fully decomposed, is crushed, dried, sieved Obtain fermentation materials；In the fermentation materials, mushroom slag accounts for 40-60%, acid-sludge 20-30%, manioc waste 20-30%；3）It is mixed：By step 2）Obtained fermentation materials and step 1）2.-the soil that 4. obtains, charing husk or plant ash, Coconut palm chaff and medium coarse sand uniformly mix, and form matrix semi-finished product；4）Measure, adjustment physical and chemical index：The physical and chemical index of measure, adjustment matrix, makes particle diameter, unit weight, dry density, wet density, total Porosity, saturation water absorbent rate, water-holding porosity, aeration porosity, size void ratio, EC values and pH indexs meet claim 1 or 8 desired desired values；5）Quantitative package：The sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate made quantitatively is loaded into packaging bag, every bag of charge weight 40-50L.
- A kind of 10. production method of sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：The hair The time of ferment processing is 40 days.
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| CN108012807A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-11 | 江苏兴农基质科技有限公司 | A kind of sponge urban afforestation dedicated substrate |
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| CN111602578A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-01 | 刘克锋 | Garden type roof greening substrate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111802216A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-10-23 | 广东环境保护工程职业学院 | Epiphytic plant greening matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN113994855A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-02-01 | 深圳市建设（集团）有限公司 | Application of high-permeability spongy soil in plant maintenance |
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| CN111226741A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-05 | 珠海市清创智慧海绵技术研究院有限公司 | Medium soil for sponge urban facilities and preparation method thereof |
| CN111802216A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-10-23 | 广东环境保护工程职业学院 | Epiphytic plant greening matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN111602577A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-01 | 刘克锋 | Simple roof greening substrate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111602578A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-01 | 刘克锋 | Garden type roof greening substrate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113994855A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-02-01 | 深圳市建设（集团）有限公司 | Application of high-permeability spongy soil in plant maintenance |
| CN114287313A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-08 | 北京市农林科学院 | Artificial sponge soil and application thereof |
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