CN107946324B - 光感测装置 - Google Patents

光感测装置 Download PDF

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CN107946324B
CN107946324B CN201610889260.8A CN201610889260A CN107946324B CN 107946324 B CN107946324 B CN 107946324B CN 201610889260 A CN201610889260 A CN 201610889260A CN 107946324 B CN107946324 B CN 107946324B
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CN107946324A (zh
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刘侑宗
李淂裕
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Innolux Corp
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Abstract

本发明公开一种光感测装置。该光感测装置的特征在于:包括一基板、一第一金属层、一第一介电层、一主动层、一光电二极管以及一第二金属层。该第一金属层位于该基板上,该第一金属层包含一栅极线以及一栅极,该栅极与该栅极线电连接。该第一介电层位于该第一金属层上。该主动层与该栅极绝缘且与该栅极至少有部分重叠。该光电二极管位于该基板上。该第二金属层位于该第一介电层上,该第二金属层包含一数据线和一参考电位线,该参考电位线位于该该光电二极管的上方。

Description

光感测装置
技术领域
本发明涉及光感测装置的技术,特别是涉及结合薄膜晶体管以及光电二极管的光感测装置。
背景技术
目前光感测装置的制作上,通常使用非晶硅(Amorphous silicon,a-Si)晶体管元件结合光电二极管。然而,在非晶硅的制作工艺中,分子结构在管芯(Grain)中的排列是没有顺序及方向性的,因此电子移动的速率较慢,而造成反应速度较慢。
相较于非晶硅制作工艺技术,低温多晶硅(LTPS)的分子结构整齐而有方向性,使得电子传导速度相对提高。此外,相较于非晶硅制作工艺的面板,低温多晶硅可提升开口率(aperture ratio),因此在相同尺寸下可提供更高的集成度。
发明内容
根据本发明的一实施例提供了一种光感测装置。该光感测装置,其特征在于:包括一基板、一第一金属层、一第一介电层、一主动层、一光电二极管以及一第二金属层。该第一金属层位于该基板上,该第一金属层包含一栅极线以及一栅极,该栅极与该栅极线电连接。该第一介电层位于该第一金属层上。该主动层与该栅极绝缘且与该栅极至少有部分重叠。该光电二极管位于该基板上。该第二金属层位于该第一介电层上,该第二金属层包含一数据线和一参考电位线,该参考电位线位于该光电二极管的上方。
关于本发明其他附加的特征与优点,此领域的熟悉技术人士,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可根据本案实施方法中所揭露的执行联系程序的装置,做些许的更动与润饰而得到。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一实施例所述的光感测器阵列基板100的示意图;
图2A为本发明的一实施例所述的一像素200的示意图;
图2B为本发明的一实施例所述的像素200的剖视图;
图3A为本发明的一实施例所述的一像素300的示意图。
图3B为本发明的一实施例所述的像素300的剖视图。
符号说明
100光感测器阵列基板
120-1、120-2…120-9、200、300像素
130栅极驱动电路
140数据驱动电路
210、310基板
220、320遮光层
230、330缓冲层
240、340主动层
241a、242a、341a、342a源极
241b、242b、341b、342b漏极
245、246、345、346通道
251、351栅极绝缘层
252a、252b、352a、352b栅极
261、361第一介电层
262、362第二介电层
270、370铟锡氧化物层
280、291、380、391保护层
290、390第二金属层
520、530开口
621、622、631、632接触孔
BL参考电位线
D1、D2光电二极管
D11、D21第一半导体层
D12、D22第二半导体层
D13、D23第三半导体层
DL1、DL2、DL3数据线
GL1、GL2、GL3栅极线
P1、P2、N1、N2晶体管
具体实施方式
以下举例一些本发明的实施方式,目的在于说明本发明的精神而非用以限定本发明的保护范围,本发明的保护范围当视所附的权利要求所界定的为准。
图1为本发明的一实施例所述的光感测装置100的示意图。如图1所示,光感测装置100包含一基板(未显示)、一栅极驱动电路130,一数据驱动电路140、多条栅极线(图中显示3条:GL1、GL2以及GL3)、多条数据线(图中显示3条:DL1、DL2以及DL3)以及一参考电位线(Bias Line)BL。多条栅极线和多条数据线交错设置而定义多个像素区,图中显示120-1、120-2…120-9等9个像素区。在图1中所示的光感测装置100仅包含一3X3的阵列,但本发明并不以此为限。此外,在图1中的示意图所示的元件,仅为了方便说明本发明的实施例,但本发明并不以此为限。
根据本发明的实施例,参考电位线BL围绕于每一像素区120-1、120-2…120-9的周围。此外,参考电位线BL不与数据线DL1、DL2以及DL3相连接。栅极驱动电路130电连接至栅极线GL1、GL2以及GL3。数据驱动电路140电连接至数据线DL1、DL2以及DL3。
根据本发明的实施例,每一像素区120-1、120-2…120-9都包含一光电二极管(photodiode)和一薄膜晶体管(Thin Film Transistor,TFT)开关电路。
光电二极管可用以侦测光电流,且操作在负偏(逆向偏压)的工作模式。当光的强度越大,反向电流(即侦测到的光电流)也越大。
根据本发明的实施例,开关电路电连接至光电二极管,以控制光电二极管光电流信号的传递。当有读取到信号时,驱动(打开)光电二极管,以使得的光电二极管感测到的光电流信号可被读出。关于光电二极管和开关电路的结构底下将有更详细的描述。
图2A为本发明的一实施例所述的一像素200的示意图。像素200可应用于光感测器阵列基板100的像素120-1、120-2…120-9。如图2A所示,像素200包含了晶体管P1以及晶体管P2,以及一光电二极管D1,其中晶体管P1以及晶体管P2可视为一TFT开关电路,且晶体管P1以及晶体管P2可为P型-低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管。晶体管P1的栅极电连接至像素200的栅极线,另外两极(源极/漏极)则分别连接至像素200的数据线以及晶体管P2。晶体管P1的栅极电连接至像素200的栅极线(或扫描线),另外两极(源极/漏极)则分别连接至晶体管P1以及光电二极管D1。
图2B为本发明的一实施例所述的像素200的剖视图。如同图2B所示,基板210可为一玻璃基板或塑胶基板,但本发明不以此为限。一遮光层(light-shield layer)220可形成在基板210上。遮光层220可用以避免若是光源从下方照射进来,会照射到薄膜晶体管元件(例如:晶体管P1以及晶体管P2)。
一缓冲层(buffer layer)230可形成在遮光层220上方。根据本发明的实施例,缓冲层230可通过化学气相沉积(chemical vapor deposition,CVD)或其他沉积方式所形成的单层或多层结构,例如:氧化硅(SiOx)层、氮化硅(SiNx)层,或氧化硅(SiOx)层和氮化硅(SiNx)层的组合,但本发明不以此为限。缓冲层230可防止从基板210产生的水分或杂质对外扩散,以影响之后形成的多晶硅层。
一主动层240可形成在缓冲层230上方。主动层240可为非晶硅层、多晶硅层、或金属氧化层。金属氧化层,例如可为氧化铟镓锌(IGZO;indium gallium zinc oxide)。以主动层240为多晶硅层为例,例如,可利用化学气相沉积法,例如等离子体化学气相沉积法(plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition,PECVD)形成一非晶硅层(未显示)。接着,再将非晶硅层转换为多晶硅层240,例如,以准分子激光光照射非晶硅层而进行转换。多晶硅层240形成后,可在多晶硅层240中进行掺杂(doping)制作工艺,以产生晶体管P1的源极241a和漏极241b,以及晶体管P2的源极242a和漏极242b以及半导体通道245和246,以及产生光电二极管D1的第一半导体层D11。图2B中显示为进行P型掺杂。第一半导体层D11可为P型掺杂层。依据本发明一些实施例,晶体管P1以及晶体管P2的主动层240,以及光电二极管D1的第一半导体层D11可同时形成在同一层,因此将可以产生较多的电流,且可避免因为开关电路和光电二极管分开形成所造成的过多的桥接影响到开口率(aperture ratio)。光电二极管D1可包括三层:由下而上为第一半导体层D11、第二半导体层D12、和第三半导体层D13。
接着,可在多晶硅层240上形成一栅极绝缘层(gate insulation layer)251。栅极绝缘层251可由氧化硅(SiOx)、氮化硅(SiNx),或氧化硅(SiOx)和氮化硅(SiNx)的组合所构成,但本发明不以此为限。接着,可在栅极绝缘层251上方形成一第一金属层(未显示),并经由光刻、蚀刻等制作工艺方式,将第一金属层图案化为晶体管P1以及晶体管P2的栅极252a和252b、以及栅极线。晶体管P1以及晶体管P2可包含源极241a和242a、漏极241b和242b和半导体通道部分245和246、栅极绝缘层251以及栅极252a和252b。
接着,可沉积一第一介电((interlayer dielectric,ILD))层261和第二介电层262。第一介电261和第二介电层262可由氧化硅(SiOx)、氮化硅(SiNx),或氧化硅(SiOx)层和氮化硅(SiNx)层的组合所构成,但本发明不以此为限。
接着,可在栅极绝缘层251、第一介电261以及第二介电层262中形成一开口520,并将光电二极管D1的第二半导体层D12和第三半导体层D13形成于开口520内。第二半导体层D12的厚度可大于第一半导体层D11和第三半导体层D13。第二半导体层D12和第三半导体层D13可为非晶硅或多晶硅。第二半导体层D12可为本质层。第三半导体层D13可为与第一半导体层为不同的导电型。例如,第一半导体层D11可为P型掺杂层,第三半导体层D13可为N型掺杂层。
接着,可在光电二极管D1的第三半导体层D13上形成一导电层270,例如铟锡氧化物(Indium Tin Oxide,ITO)层。接着,可在导电层270上沉积一保护层(passivationlayer)280。保护层280可在光电二极管D1两侧作为一隔离(isolation)。接着,可在导电层270上的保护层280中形成一接触孔621,并且沉积一第二金属层290以将第二金属层290填入此接触孔621中。第二金属层290可包含一参考电位线BL。如图1所示,参考电位线BL可围绕于每一像素的周围。导电层270上的第二金属层290可有助于让光电二极管D1收集到正上方的光线,而避免散射光,可避免邻近像素区的光干扰。此外,可在主动层240上的栅极绝缘层251、第一介电层261、第二介电层262以及保护层280之中形成一接触孔622,并且沉积第二金属层290以填入接触孔622中,以作为晶体管P1以及晶体管P2的源极和/或漏极的电极。此外,在主动层240上的第二金属层290中可形成像素200的数据线。依据本发明一些实施例,在接触孔621和接触孔622形成之后,可将第二金属层290同时填入接触孔621,622之中。接着,可在第二金属层290上形成一保护层291,以保护第二金属层290。
图3A为本发明的一实施例所述的一像素300的示意图。像素300可应用于光感测器阵列基板100的像素120-1、120-2…120-9。如图3A所示,像素300包含了晶体管N1以及第晶体N2,以及一光电二极管D2,其中晶体管N1以及晶体管N2可作为一TFT开关电路,且晶体管N1以及晶体管N2可为N型薄膜晶体管。晶体管N1的栅极电连接至像素300的栅极线,另外两极则分别连接至数据线以及晶体管N2。晶体管N2的栅极电连接至栅极线,另外两极则分别连接至晶体管N1以及光电二极管D2。
图3B为本发明的一实施例所述的像素300的剖视图。类似图2B所述的制作工艺方式,在图3B中,一遮光层320以及一缓冲层330,依序形成于一基板310上。
一主动层340可形成在缓冲层330上方。主动层340可为非晶硅层、多晶硅层、或金属氧化层。金属氧化层,例如可为IGZO。以主动层340为多晶硅层为例,例如,可利用化学气相沉积法多晶硅层为例,可先形成非晶硅层,再将非晶硅层转换为多晶硅层。在多晶硅层340中进行掺杂制作工艺,以产生晶体管N1的源极341a和漏极341b以及晶体管N2的源极342a和漏极342b以及半导体通道345和346,以及光电二极管D2的第一半导层D21。图3B中显示为进行N型掺杂。第一半导体层D21可为N型掺杂层。依据本发明一些实施例,晶体管N1以及晶体管N2的主动层340以及光电二极管第一半导体层D21可同时形成在同一层,因此将可以产生较多的电流,且可避免因为开关电路和光电二极管分开形成所造成的过多的桥接影响到开口率。光电二极管D2可包括三层:由下而上为第一半导体层D21、第二半导体层D22、和第三半导体层23。
接着,类似图2B所述的制作工艺方式,可在主动层340上形成一栅极绝缘层351,以及形成一第一金属层,并将第一金属层图案化为晶体管N1以及晶体管N2的栅极352a和352b,以及栅极线。晶体管N1以及晶体管N2可包含源极341a和342a、漏极341b和342b和半导体通道部分345和346、栅极绝缘层351以及栅极352a和352b。
接着,可沉积一第一介电层361和第二介电层362。接着,可在栅极绝缘层351、第一介电361以及第二介电层362中形成一开口530,并将光电二极管D2的第二半导体层D22和第三半导体层D23形成于开口530内。第二半导体层D22的厚度可大于第一半导体层D21和第三半导体层D23。第二半导体层D22和第三半导体层D23可为非晶硅或多晶硅。第二半导体层D22可为本质层。第三半导体层D23可为与第一半导体层为不同的导电型。例如,第一半导体层D21可为N型掺杂层,第三半导体层D23可为P型掺杂层。
接着,可在光电二极管D1的第三半导体层D23上形成一导电层370,例如铟锡氧化物(ITO)层。接着,可在导电层370上沉积一保护层380。保护层380可在光电二极管D2两侧作为一隔离。接着,可在导电层370上的保护层380上形成一接触孔631,并且沉积一第二金属层390以将第二金属层390填入此接触孔631中。第二金属层390可包含一参考电位线BL。如图1所示,参考电位线BL可围绕于每一像素的周围。导电层370上的第二金属层390可有助于让光电二极管D2收集到正上方的光线,而避免散射光,可避免邻近像素区的光干扰。此外,可在主动层340上的栅极绝缘层351、第一介电层361、第二介电层362以及保护层380之中形成一接触孔632,并且沉积第二金属层390以填入接触孔632中,以作为数据线,并以作为晶体管N1以及晶体管N2的源极和/或漏极的电极。此外,主动层340上的第二金属层390中可形成像素300的数据线。依据本发明一些实施例,在接触孔631和接触孔632形成之后,可将第二金属层390同时填入接触孔631,632之中。接着,可在第二金属层390上形成一保护层391,以保护第二金属层390。
根据本发明的实施例,光感测装置100可应用于指纹辨识、X光影像感测(X-rayimage sensing)等技术中,因此,光感测装置100可为指纹辨识装置、或X光影像感测。
依据本发明一些实施例,在光电二极管的导电层上设置围绕像素区的参考电位线,可降低电阻,或者可避免邻近像素区的光干扰。另外,参考电位线可和晶体管的第二金属层为相同层,可简化制作工艺。
本说明书中所提到的「一实施例」或「实施例」,表示与实施例有关的所述特定的特征、结构、或特性是包含根据本发明的至少一实施例中,但并不表示它们存在于每一个实施例中。因此,在本说明书中不同地方出现的「在一实施例中」或「在实施例中」词组并不必然表示本发明的相同实施例。
以上段落使用多种层面描述。显然的,本文的教示可以多种方式实现,而在范例中揭露的任何特定架构或功能仅为一代表性的状况。根据本文的教示,任何熟知此技术的人士应理解在本文揭露的各层面可独立实作或两种以上的层面可以合并实作。
虽然结合以上该实施例揭露了本发明,然而其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术者,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,可作些许的更动与润饰,因此本发明的保护范围应以附上的权利要求所界定的为准。

Claims (9)

1.一种光感测装置,其特征在于:包括
基板;
栅极绝缘层;
第一金属层,位于该栅极绝缘层的一侧,该第一金属层包含栅极线以及栅极,且该栅极与该栅极线电连接;
第一介电层,位于该第一金属层上;
光电二极管,在该第一介电层中形成的一开口内形成;
主动层,与该栅极绝缘且与该光电二极管至少有部分重叠;以及
第二金属层,位于该第一介电层上,该第二金属层包含数据线和参考电位线,该参考电位线位于该光电二极管的上方,
其中该第一金属层包括多条栅极线,该第二金属层包括多条数据线和多条参考电位线,该些栅极线和该些数据线交错设置而定义多个像素区,其中该些像素区包括第一像素区,其中该些参考电位线包括第一参考电位线,围绕于该第一像素区的周围。
2.如权利要求1所述的光感测装置,其特征在于,该光电二极管还包括光电层和导电层,该导电层位于该光电层和该参考电位线之间。
3.如权利要求2所述的光感测装置,其特征在于,该参考电位线与该导电层电连接。
4.如权利要求3所述的光感测装置,其特征在于,还包括保护层,该保护层位于该导电层上且具有接触孔,其中该参考电位线填入该接触孔中以与该导电层电连接。
5.如权利要求1所述的光感测装置,其特征在于,该些像素区还包括第二像素区,其中该些参考电位线还包括第二参考电位线,围绕于该第二像素区的周围,且该第一参考电位线和该第二参考电位线电连接。
6.如权利要求1所述的光感测装置,其特征在于,该数据线和该参考电位线不相连。
7.如权利要求2所述的光感测装置,其特征在于,该光电层包括第一掺杂层、本质层、和第二掺杂层,该本质层位于该第一掺杂层和该第二掺杂层之间,且其中该主动层包括该第一掺杂层。
8.如权利要求1所述的光感测装置,其特征在于,该光感测装置为一指纹辨识装置。
9.如权利要求1所述的光感测装置,其特征在于,该光感测装置为一X光影像感测装置。
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