CN1079408C - 一种生物降解高分子共混膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种生物降解高分子共混膜的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物降解性的纤维素衍生物/聚己内酯共混膜及其制法。
该膜主要由纤维素衍生物和聚己内酯组成。在废水的活性污泥中处理30天，其失重达到20-80%。制备该膜的方法是采用溶液共混和浇铸成膜的方法，得到相应的共混膜。由于该共混膜具有被生物完全降解的特性，因而在食品包装和农用地膜等方面有广泛的应用前景。
Description
本发明涉及到具有生物降解性能的纤维素衍生物/聚己内酯共混膜及其制备方法。
纤维素及其衍生物是一类天然高分子材料，通常具有较好的生物降解的特性。如纤维素酯在一定的取代度时可以具有生物降解性能[Itoh，Masanori，et al；US Patent5720803(1998)；5609677(1997)；5478386(1995)；Tatsuo，Yamauchiand Toshimasa，Kuroda，JP06299407(1994)]。但是，由于纤维素及其衍生物具有半刚性的大分子链，而且在大分子链之间和大分子内存在非常强的氢键相互作用。这一方面使材料的加工十分困难，另一方面也使材料的性能受到一定的影响。合成高分子材料-聚己内酯也具有很好的生物降解性能(Polym.As Biomat.，Edited by S.W.Shalaby，)。可生物降解高分子膜现在主要有改性淀粉和聚烯烃共混而制备的。但是，在这种共混膜中，聚烯烃是否能够生物降解或完全生物降解仍然是一个有争议的问题。因此，其应用受到一定影响。利用纤维素材料与合成高分子共混制备复合材料也有许多报道。但是，这主要是利用纤维素纤维直接与高分子材料共混或复合，以提高材料的机械性能，制备纤维素纤维增强的高分子复合材料(P.Zadorecki and A.J.Michell，Polym.Comp.，1989，Vol.10，69-77)。
利用纤维素及其衍生物材料与可生物降解的合成高分子材料共混，可以制备出能够被生物完全降解的高分子复合材料。
本发明提供一种可以被生物完全降解的高分子共混膜。这种共混膜的其中一个主要成份是纤维素衍生物，另一个组份是聚己内酯。这种膜具有可以被生物完全降解的特性。随着纤维素衍生物和聚己内酯组成的变化，共混膜可以具有不同的性能。在废水的活性污泥中处理30天，共混膜的失重可以达到40-80％，纤维素衍生物的含量可以在5-95％范围变化。
本发明用溶液共混的方法来制备高分子共混膜。其制备工艺是：将一定组成的纤维素衍生物和聚己内酯，外加一些添加剂，如邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物和硬酯酸酯类化合物等，在30-60℃范围溶解于共同的溶剂中，使其形成均匀的溶液。然后将共混溶液铺展在一平面上，温度控制在30-60℃范围，形成-液膜。在溶剂挥发以后得到纤维素衍生物/聚己内酯共混膜。本发明所提供的高分子共混膜可以通过调节共混膜的组成和成膜的温度，或者控制溶剂的挥发速度，使共混膜具有不同的形态结构特征，最终使得到的高分子共混膜具有不同的生物降解性能和机械性能。由于这种高分子共混膜具有良好的生物降解性能，可以用于物品的包装和农用地膜等方面。
实施例1
把羟乙基纤维素醋酸酯(40份)和聚己内酯(60份)在30℃溶解于丙酮之中，加入适当的邻苯二甲酸(乙醇酸丁)酯。搅拌使其充分溶解。在混合均匀以后，将混合溶液铺展在干净的玻璃表面，并在50℃挥发溶剂。在溶剂完全挥发以后，得到羟乙基纤维素/聚己内酯共混膜。该共混膜在废水的活性污泥中处理30天，其失重达到60％。
实施例2
将羟乙基纤维素醋酸酯(80份)和聚己内酯(20份)在30℃溶解于丙酮之中，加入适当的邻苯二甲酸(乙醇酸丁)酯。搅拌使其充分溶解。在混合均匀以后，将混合溶液铺展在干净的玻璃表面，并在50℃挥发溶剂。在溶剂完全挥发以后，得到羟乙基纤维素/聚己内酯共混膜。该共混膜在废水的活性污泥中处理30天，其失重达到20％。
Claims (3)
1、一种制造生物可降解高分子共混膜的方法，其特征在于将纤维素与聚己内酯在温度为30-60℃溶解，进行溶液共混，加入添加剂，经过浇铸成膜，溶剂挥发以后得到高分子共混膜，该膜的组成包括纤维素衍生物和聚己内酯，纤维素衍生物的重量含量在5-95％之间变化。
2、根据权利要求1中所述的共混膜的制法，其特征在于所述的成膜浇铸温度能够调节。
3、根据权利要求1中所述的共混膜的制法，其特征在于所述的添加剂是邻苯二甲酸酯类或硬酯酸酯类化合物。
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| CN100365012C (zh) * | 2006-07-04 | 2008-01-30 | 湖南大学 | 采用超顺磁性硅壳纳米颗粒静电吸附分离蛋白质的方法 |
| CN103131032B (zh) * | 2013-03-18 | 2015-05-13 | 东华大学 | 一种环境友好型复合高分子膜材料的制备方法 |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0330947A2 (de) * | 1988-03-02 | 1989-09-06 | Bayer Ag | Kontaktoptische Gegenstände aus einer Polymermischung |
| JPH05311600A (ja) * | 1992-03-05 | 1993-11-22 | Tokushu Seishi Kk | 生分解性シート状複合体 |
| JPH06299407A (ja) * | 1993-04-14 | 1994-10-25 | Teijin Ltd | 生分解性セルロースアセテート繊維シート |
| WO1996031347A1 (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 1996-10-10 | Zeneca Limited | Compostible laminate |
| DE19515439A1 (de) * | 1995-04-27 | 1996-10-31 | Wolff Walsrode Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung thermoplastischer bioabbaubarer Celluloseetherester |
| US5609677A (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1997-03-11 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Biodegradable cellulose ester composition and article |
| WO1997034953A1 (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 1997-09-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Biodegradable polymeric compositions and products thereof |
| JPH09291414A (ja) * | 1996-04-22 | 1997-11-11 | Oji Paper Co Ltd | 生分解性セルロースアセテート系繊維及びその製造方法 |
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- 1998-10-12 CN CN98113378A patent/CN1079408C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0330947A2 (de) * | 1988-03-02 | 1989-09-06 | Bayer Ag | Kontaktoptische Gegenstände aus einer Polymermischung |
| JPH05311600A (ja) * | 1992-03-05 | 1993-11-22 | Tokushu Seishi Kk | 生分解性シート状複合体 |
| US5609677A (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1997-03-11 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Biodegradable cellulose ester composition and article |
| JPH06299407A (ja) * | 1993-04-14 | 1994-10-25 | Teijin Ltd | 生分解性セルロースアセテート繊維シート |
| WO1996031347A1 (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 1996-10-10 | Zeneca Limited | Compostible laminate |
| DE19515439A1 (de) * | 1995-04-27 | 1996-10-31 | Wolff Walsrode Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung thermoplastischer bioabbaubarer Celluloseetherester |
| WO1997034953A1 (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 1997-09-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Biodegradable polymeric compositions and products thereof |
| JPH09291414A (ja) * | 1996-04-22 | 1997-11-11 | Oji Paper Co Ltd | 生分解性セルロースアセテート系繊維及びその製造方法 |
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