CN107884257B - Preparation method of artificial rock core for testing fracturing performance of rock containing controllable cracks - Google Patents
Preparation method of artificial rock core for testing fracturing performance of rock containing controllable cracks Download PDFInfo
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- CN107884257B CN107884257B CN201711177127.0A CN201711177127A CN107884257B CN 107884257 B CN107884257 B CN 107884257B CN 201711177127 A CN201711177127 A CN 201711177127A CN 107884257 B CN107884257 B CN 107884257B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of an artificial rock core for testing the fracturing performance of rock containing controllable cracks, which comprises the following steps of preparing mixed cement slurry; polishing the die smoothly, coating butter, inserting the steel pipe into the die from the central hole of the base, and exposing the bottom end of the steel pipe out of the die; slowly pouring the mixed cement slurry into a mold, after a certain amount of the mixed cement slurry is obtained, leveling the surface, arranging a plurality of polymer sheets on the surface of the mixed cement slurry, after the polymer sheets and the mixed cement slurry are stabilized, continuously pouring the mixed cement slurry, continuously arranging the polymer sheets, and circulating the steps until the mold is filled with the mixed cement slurry; and (3) grinding and forming a rock sample formed by consolidation of the mixed cement slurry, maintaining, performing high-temperature treatment, heating and decomposing the polymer sheets into gas, and obtaining the artificial rock core for testing the fracturing performance of the rock containing the controllable cracks, wherein the generated pores are true cracks. The rock sample formed by the method can truly reflect the basic characteristics of the crack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laboratory evaluation of stratum rocks in the oil and gas exploitation process, in particular to a preparation method of an artificial rock core for testing the fracturing performance of rocks containing controllable cracks.
Background
At present, hydraulic fracturing is an important technical measure for increasing the production of oil and gas wells and increasing the production of water injection wells, is widely applied to low-permeability gas reservoirs, and has good effect in the yield increase transformation of medium-permeability and high-permeability oil and gas reservoirs. Research for simulating the hydraulic fracturing characteristics of a reservoir becomes a hot spot.
And (3) simulating the hydraulic fracturing characteristics of the reservoir indoors, and preferably selecting natural rock samples containing natural fractures. However, in practical engineering, it is difficult to drill a natural rock sample containing natural fractures, and the sampling cost and difficulty coefficient are high. Therefore, artificial cores have gained significant use in hydraulic fracturing experiments conducted indoors. Compared with a natural rock core, the artificial rock core is simple in preparation process, and an artificial rock (sandstone, coal rock and shale) physical model containing controllable cracks can be manufactured according to experimental requirements.
At present, the method for artificially manufacturing the rock sample containing the natural cracks mainly comprises two methods, namely, the complete rock sample is cut into a plurality of parts by using a cutting tool and then is adhered together by using marble glue to simulate the natural cracks, or a thin iron sheet is placed in the rock sample in the process of filling materials, and is drawn out from the rock sample before the rock sample is not completely solidified to simulate the natural cracks. Both methods have their own disadvantages, the first one is complex in operation process and the formed natural fractures are all through and cannot form controllable fractures, and the second one is basically half through and cannot form controllable fractures, and after the incomplete consolidation time of the rock sample is missed, thin iron sheets cannot be taken out, so that the whole rock sample is completely discarded. The problem to be solved is that how to prepare a rock sample containing controllable cracks is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an artificial core for testing the fracturing performance of rock containing controllable cracks, which is used for solving the problem that the rock sample containing controllable cracks cannot be provided for indoor tests at present to test the fracturing performance of rock in a reservoir.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the preparation method of the artificial core for testing the fracturing performance of the rock containing the controllable cracks comprises the following steps:
firstly, uniformly mixing quartz sand, cement and water according to the requirements of a model in proportion to obtain mixed cement slurry;
secondly, polishing the inner surface of the die completely and smoothly, and uniformly coating butter on the inner surface of the die, wherein the die is a steel groove type die; inserting a steel pipe into the die from a central hole of the base, fixing the steel pipe by using marble glue, extending the top end of the steel pipe into the middle of the die, and exposing the bottom end of the steel pipe out of the die by 13-17 mm;
thirdly, slowly pouring the mixed cement slurry into a mould, after a certain amount of the mixed cement slurry is poured into the mould, leveling the surface of the mixed cement slurry, arranging a plurality of polymer sheets on the surface of the mixed cement slurry, after the polymer sheets and the mixed cement slurry are stable, continuously pouring the mixed cement slurry into the arranged polymer sheets, after a certain amount of the mixed cement slurry is leveled, continuously arranging a plurality of polymer sheets, and circulating the steps until the mould is filled with the mixed cement slurry;
fourthly, solidifying the mixed cement slurry to form a rock sample, demolding, polishing and forming the rock sample after the rock sample is solidified, and maintaining; and (3) carrying out high-temperature treatment on the rock sample until the polymer thin sheet is heated and decomposed into gas, and the generated pores are true cracks, so as to obtain the artificial rock core for testing the fracturing performance of the rock containing the controllable cracks.
In the scheme, the surfaces of the polymer sheets and the mixed cement paste in the third step are 45 degrees0The polymer sheet has a thickness of 0.1mm, a length of 3cm and a width of 2 cm.
The method for demoulding and grinding the rock sample in the scheme comprises the following steps: and after the rock sample is solidified for 10 hours, taking the rock sample out of the mold, polishing the surface of the rock sample flat, and maintaining at room temperature.
The high-temperature treatment method in the fourth step of the scheme comprises the following steps: putting the well-maintained rock sample into a high-temperature muffle furnace at 1000 DEG C0And C, high-temperature treatment for several hours.
The high-temperature treatment method in the fourth step of the scheme comprises the following steps: putting the well-maintained rock sample into a high-temperature muffle furnace at 1000 DEG C0C, high-temperature treatment for 1-2 hours.
In the scheme, the die is a steel groove body formed by combining two outer steel plates, two inner steel plates and a base, steel grooves are formed in two sides of each outer steel plate, an upper screw hole and a lower screw hole are formed in the outer side of each steel groove, each inner steel plate is arranged between the two outer steel plates through the steel grooves, bolts penetrate through the upper screw holes and the lower screw holes of the two outer steel plates respectively to fasten the two outer steel plates, and the two outer steel plates and the two inner steel plates are fastened with the base together; the base has a central aperture. All used moulds are made of steel materials, have the characteristics of small deformation and high strength, firmly fix the four steel plates and the base together through bolts and upper and lower screw holes, and have good sealing property.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method for manufacturing the rock sample is simple to operate, easy to implement and low in cost, and can form controllable fractures which are closer to natural fractures in a reservoir.
(2) The rock sample formed by the method can quantitatively describe the fracture properties such as dip angle, spacing, density, connectivity and the like of the fracture, can truly reflect the basic characteristics of the fracture, and can be used for describing the intersection characteristics of artificial fractures and natural fractures in the fracturing process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the mold of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an outer steel plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an artificial core for testing the fracturing performance of rock containing controllable fractures according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. an outer steel plate; 2. an inner steel plate; 3. a base; 4. a central bore; 5. a bolt; 6. a steel trough; 7. an upper screw hole; 8 lower screw holes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the preparation method of the artificial core for testing the fracturing performance of the rock containing the controllable cracks comprises the following steps:
preparing mixed cement slurry: before the preparation rock specimen, earlier smooth mould internal surface of polishing, scribble the butter, specifically do: firstly, the internal surfaces of two outer steel plates 1, two inner steel plates 2 and a base 3 are polished smoothly by a grinder, the two outer steel plates 1, the two inner steel plates 2 and the base 3 are fixed by bolts, and simultaneously, grease is uniformly coated in the inner parts of the two outer steel plates 1, the two inner steel plates 2 and the base 3. Adopting 425# cement, stirring the cement, water and quartz sand together according to the ratio of 2:1:1, and preparing a cube rock sample with the side length of 300mm, wherein the thickness of the polymer sheet is 0.1mm, the length of the polymer sheet is 3cm, and the width of the polymer sheet is 2 cm.
When the mixed cement slurry is prepared: the cement, the quartz sand and the water are stirred together according to the ratio of 2:1:1, water is firstly added, then the defoaming agent is added, and then the cement and the quartz sand are added, and the stirring is carried out by a stirrer constantly during the process of adding the cement and the quartz sand.
Pouring a rock sample: before pouring the mixed cement slurry, fixing a steel pipe in a central hole 4 of a base 3, wherein the top end of the steel pipe is positioned in the middle of a mould, the tail end of the steel pipe is exposed out of the central hole 4 by about 15mm, then pouring the prepared mixed cement slurry into the mould, when the liquid level height is 100mm, putting polymer sheets, the number of the polymer sheets is 2, and the surfaces of the polymer sheets and the mixed cement slurry are 450After the polymer sheets and the mixed cement slurry are stabilized, pouring the mixed cement slurry again, and placing 2 polymer sheets at the position of 200mm, wherein the surfaces of the polymer sheets and the cement slurry are 45 degrees0And after the rock sample is stabilized, continuously pouring the mixed cement slurry, circulating the steps until the mold is fully filled, and solidifying the material to obtain the rock sample.
Demoulding, polishing and forming the rock sample: and after the rock sample is solidified for 10 hours, taking the rock sample out of the mold, polishing the surface of the rock sample flat, and maintaining at room temperature.
High-temperature treatment: putting the well-maintained rock sample into a high-temperature muffle furnace, and adjusting the temperature to 1000 DEG C0And C, treating at high temperature for one hour.
After high-temperature treatment, the polymer thin sheets in the rock sample are heated and decomposed into gas, the generated pores are true cracks, and the artificial rock core for testing the fracturing performance of the rock containing the controllable cracks is obtained, so that the aim of simulating the hydraulic fracturing of the reservoir in a room is fulfilled. In the rock sample containing controlled fractures obtained in this example, as shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that the number of fractures in the rock sample is 4.
The number of the high molecular slices, the placing form and the amount of the mixed cement slurry poured in the first leveling of the mixed cement slurry are determined by the condition of the core required to be actually manufactured.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the die is a steel groove body formed by combining two outer steel plates 1, two inner steel plates 2 and a base 3, steel grooves 6 are formed in two sides of each outer steel plate 1, an upper screw hole 7 and a lower screw hole 8 are formed in the outer side of each steel groove 6, each inner steel plate 2 is arranged between the two outer steel plates 1 through the steel grooves 6, a bolt 5 penetrates through the upper screw holes 7 of the two outer steel plates 1 to fasten the two outer steel plates 1, the bolt 5 penetrates through the lower screw holes 8 of the two outer steel plates 1 to fasten the two outer steel plates 1, and the two outer steel plates 1 and the two inner steel plates 2 are fastened with the base 3; the base 3 has a central hole 4.
The above description is only an example of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of an artificial rock core for testing the fracturing performance of rock containing controllable cracks is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, uniformly mixing quartz sand, cement and water according to the requirements of a model in proportion to obtain mixed cement slurry;
step two, polishing the inner surface of the die completely and smoothly, and uniformly coating butter on the inner surface of the die, wherein the die is a steel groove type die; inserting a steel pipe into a die from a central hole (4) of a base (3), fixing the steel pipe by marble glue, extending the top end of the steel pipe into the middle of a model, and exposing the bottom end of the steel pipe out of the model by 13-17 mm; the die is a steel groove body formed by combining two outer steel plates (1), two inner steel plates (2) and a base (3), steel grooves (6) are formed in two sides of each outer steel plate (1), an upper screw hole (7) and a lower screw hole (8) are formed in the outer side of each steel groove (6), each inner steel plate (2) is arranged between the two outer steel plates (1) through the steel groove (6), bolts penetrate through the upper screw holes (7) and the lower screw holes (8) of the two outer steel plates (1) respectively to fasten the two outer steel plates, and the two outer steel plates (1) and the two inner steel plates (2) are fastened with the base (3) together; the base (3) is provided with supporting legs;
step three, slowly pouring the mixed cement slurry into a mold, after a certain amount of the mixed cement slurry is poured into the mold, leveling the surface of the mixed cement slurry, arranging some polymer sheets on the surface of the mixed cement slurry, after the polymer sheets and the mixed cement slurry are stable, continuously pouring the mixed cement slurry into the arranged polymer sheets, after a certain amount of the mixed cement slurry is leveled, continuously arranging some polymer sheets, and circulating the steps until the mold is filled with the mixed cement slurry;
step four, solidifying the mixed cement slurry to form a rock sample, taking the rock sample down from the mold after the rock sample is solidified for 10 hours, polishing the surface of the rock sample flat, and maintaining at room temperature; carrying out high-temperature treatment on the rock sample until the polymer thin sheet is heated and decomposed into gas, and the generated pores are true cracks, so as to obtain an artificial rock core for testing the fracturing performance of the rock containing controllable cracks; the high-temperature treatment method comprises the following steps: putting the well-maintained rock sample into a high-temperature muffle furnace at 1000 DEG C0C, high-temperature treatment for 1-2 hours.
2. The preparation method of the artificial core for the fracturing performance test of the rock containing the controllable fractures as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the surface of the polymer sheet and the mixed cement slurry in the third step is 450The polymer sheet has a thickness of 0.1mm, a length of 3cm and a width of 2 cm.
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| CN108828190B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2021-03-30 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Fracture simulation method for fractured compact sandstone oil and gas reservoir |
| CN109187133A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-01-11 | 中国石油大学(华东) | The preparation method of preset microscopic damage artificial core |
| CN110412243A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-11-05 | 衢州学院 | One kind being used for Factors on The Thermal Cracking of Rocks experimental provision |
| CN110864944B (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2022-07-19 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Preparation method of artificial rock core for irregular natural cracks of cement sheath of oil-water well |
| CN112557135A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-26 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | Preparation and sealing method of rock sample containing cracks for multi-field coupling triaxial test |
| CN113756800A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-07 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Preparation method of artificial shale containing cracks, artificial shale containing cracks and application |
| CN114136749A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-04 | 长江大学 | Device and method for preparing artificial rock sample containing inclined cracks |
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| US4043826A (en) * | 1974-11-22 | 1977-08-23 | Hum Bing W | Process for making artificial rocks |
| CN106932245A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2017-07-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | For the rock core preparation method of shale experiment |
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| CN101435331A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-05-20 | 中国石化股份胜利油田分公司地质科学研究院 | Method for making cracking rock core |
| CN102628761A (en) * | 2012-04-10 | 2012-08-08 | 东北石油大学 | Artificial long core and preparation method thereof |
| CN104865110A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-08-26 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for prefabricating rough fractures in rocklike similar material specimen |
| CN105277405A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-01-27 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Manufacture method for cement sample used for simulating parent-rock porosity character |
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