CN107879731A - 一种利用水性聚氨酯增强超轻泡沫陶瓷坯体强度的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用水性聚氨酯增强超轻泡沫陶瓷坯体强度的方法 Download PDF

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CN107879731A
CN107879731A CN201711116601.9A CN201711116601A CN107879731A CN 107879731 A CN107879731 A CN 107879731A CN 201711116601 A CN201711116601 A CN 201711116601A CN 107879731 A CN107879731 A CN 107879731A
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杨金龙
张在娟
唐欣悦
霍文龙
闫姝
陈雨谷
刘静静
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种利用水性聚氨酯增强超轻泡沫陶瓷坯体强度的方法，该方法包括如下步骤：将陶瓷浆料球磨，加入表面活性剂、水性聚氨酯和铝溶胶，对浆料进行高速机械搅拌发泡得到颗粒稳定泡沫，将所得稳定泡沫自然干燥，高温烧结得到超轻质泡沫陶瓷。本方法所得的超轻泡沫陶瓷坯体气孔率为90～98％，干燥陶瓷坯体强度可达0.3～1.0MPa，具有很好的可加工性，可满足工业生产要求，操作工艺简单，具有很好的应用前景。

Description

一种利用水性聚氨酯增强超轻泡沫陶瓷坯体强度的方法
技术领域
本发明属于泡沫陶瓷制备技术领域，具体涉及一种利用水性聚氨酯增强超轻泡沫陶瓷坯体强度的方法。
背景技术
泡沫陶瓷的制备方法有直接发泡法、颗粒堆积法、有机泡沫浸渍法、添加造孔剂法、凝胶注模法等，与其他方法相比浆料直接发泡法更易于制备超轻质泡沫陶瓷。其中颗粒稳定泡沫法是采用两亲性分子修饰氧化物颗粒表面，进而使颗粒吸附在气液界面，从而获得稳定泡沫浆料的方法。该方法无需附加凝胶等方法辅助其固化，工艺简单，所得泡沫浆料稳定性好，可以制备具有高气孔率的超轻泡沫陶瓷，得到越来越多的关注。
公开号CN104016703专利提出了一种制备超轻泡沫陶瓷的颗粒稳定泡沫法，其制备过程是直接将陶瓷浆料与长链表面活性剂混合，搅拌后得到稳定泡沫浆料，干燥后经烧结可得到超轻泡沫陶瓷。但该方法干燥后的泡沫坯体仅靠陶瓷颗粒之间的范德华引力保持完整，强度极低易破碎，不易移动和加工，难以满足工业化生产需求。欲采用该方法实现超轻质泡沫陶瓷的大规模工业化生产，提高其干燥泡沫陶瓷坯体的强度是至关重要的。公开号CN107010964专利提出了一种利用聚乙烯醇冷冻解冻形成微晶对超轻陶瓷泡沫坯体增强的方法，所得坯体强度相比不采用增强手段而言具有明显提高，但该方法制备过程中需将发泡后的泡沫浆料进行冷冻解冻多次，工序较复杂，生产周期长。
发明内容
针对上述背景技术以及存在的问题，本发明以常用的氧化铝为粉体原料，提出一种工艺简单的增强超轻泡沫陶瓷坯体强度的方法。本方法的特征是通过向陶瓷浆料中加入水性聚氨酯和铝溶胶，机械搅拌得到稳定陶瓷泡沫浆料，自然干燥后即可得到较高强度的泡沫陶瓷坯体。该方法避免了复杂的冷冻解冻过程，工艺简单，成本较低，所得泡沫陶瓷坯体具有良好的加工性能，为超轻泡沫陶瓷的工业化生产提供了基础。
本发明采用技术路线如下：一种利用水性聚氨酯增强超轻泡沫陶瓷坯体强度的方法，包括以下步骤：(1)将陶瓷浆料进行球磨。(2)球磨后的浆料中加入表面活性剂、水性聚氨酯和铝溶胶。(3)对浆料进行机械搅拌发泡得到颗粒稳定泡沫。(4)将发泡后所制备得到的泡沫进行自然干燥、烧结。
步骤(1)中所述陶瓷浆料的质量分数为15～60％，所述陶瓷浆料含有氧化铝粉体、氧化锆粉体、蓝晶石粉体，或其任意混合物。
步骤(2)中加入的表面活性剂、水性聚氨酯和铝溶胶分别占浆料的质量分数为：0.01～1.00wt％；0.01～3.00wt％；0.10～30.00wt％。
步骤(2)中所述表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基硫酸钠、十八烷基硫酸中的一种或两种的混合物。
步骤(2)中所述水性聚氨酯为阴离子型水性聚氨酯，固含量为20～80wt％。
步骤(2)中所述铝溶胶为酸性铝溶胶，固含量为10～40wt％。
步骤(3)中，所述机械搅拌的转速为1500-2000rmp。
步骤(4)中，所述干燥是在空气中自然干燥24小时，所述烧结的温度是1400～1600℃。
通过上述方法制备的泡沫陶瓷坯体，其气孔率为90～98％；其强度可达0.3～1.0MPa。
本发明的有益效果是所制备的泡沫陶瓷坯体强度较高，能够满足生产加工需求，为超轻泡沫陶瓷的工业化生产提供了基础；所制备的陶瓷泡沫浆料稳定性好，无需采用凝胶等方式辅助固化，且表面活性剂和水性聚氨酯添加量较少，烧结时无需排胶，工艺简单。所制备的泡沫陶瓷为高气孔率超轻泡沫陶瓷，气孔率为90～98％；相比不采用增强手段得到的泡沫坯体而言，其强度明显提高，可达0.3～1.0MPa，具有很好的加工性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明生产的氧化铝超轻泡沫坯体的宏观照片。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种利用水性聚氨酯增强超轻泡沫陶瓷坯体强度的方法，下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作详细说明。图1是本发明生产的氧化铝超轻泡沫坯体的宏观照片。坯体具有较好的可加工性，满足工业需求。
实施例1
(1)取平均粒径为0.41μm的氧化铝粉体20g，与80g水混合，球磨2h得到氧化铝浆料。
(2)球磨后的浆料中加入相对浆料质量0.1wt％的十二烷基硫酸钠、1wt％的水性聚氨酯和10.0wt％的铝溶胶，高速机械搅拌(～1500rmp)发泡得到颗粒稳定泡沫。
(4)所得颗粒稳定泡沫浆料在空气中干燥24h，得到干燥的陶瓷泡沫坯体。
(5)将干燥的陶瓷泡沫坯体在1550℃空气气氛下烧结，保温2h，得到气孔率为93.5％的超轻氧化铝泡沫陶瓷。
所制备的氧化铝泡沫坯体如图1所示，坯体强度为0.5MPa，可加工。
实施例2
(1)取平均粒径为0.41μm的氧化铝粉体15g，平均粒径为0.76μm的氧化锆粉体5g，与80g水混合，球磨2h得到复合浆料。
(2)球磨后的浆料中加入相对浆料质量0.08wt％的十二烷基硫酸钠、2wt％的水性聚氨酯和20.0wt％的铝溶胶，高速机械搅拌(～2000rmp)发泡得到颗粒稳定泡沫。
(4)所得颗粒稳定泡沫浆料在空气中干燥24h，得到干燥的陶瓷泡沫坯体。
(5)将干燥的陶瓷泡沫坯体在1550℃空气气氛下烧结，保温2h，得到气孔率为92.6％的氧化锆增强氧化铝泡沫陶瓷。
所制备的泡沫坯体强度为0.6MPa，满足加工需求。
上述实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明。显然，本发明并不局限于所描述的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，熟悉本技术领域的人员还可据此做出多种变化，但任何与本发明等同或相类似的变化都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种利用水性聚氨酯增强超轻泡沫陶瓷坯体强度的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：(1)将陶瓷浆料进行球磨；(2)球磨后的浆料中加入表面活性剂、水性聚氨酯和铝溶胶；(3)对步骤(2)所得浆料进行机械搅拌发泡得到颗粒稳定泡沫；(4)将发泡后所制备得到的泡沫进行自然干燥、烧结。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中所述陶瓷浆料的质量分数为15～60％，所述陶瓷浆料含有氧化铝粉体、氧化锆粉体、蓝晶石粉体，或其任意混合物。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，加入的表面活性剂、水性聚氨酯和铝溶胶分别占浆料的质量分数为：0.01～1.00wt％；0.01～3.00wt％；0.10～30.00wt％。
4.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，所述表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基硫酸钠、十八烷基硫酸，或其混合物。
5.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，所述加入的水性聚氨酯为阴离子型水性聚氨酯，其固含量为20～80wt％。
6.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，所述铝溶胶为酸性铝溶胶，其固含量为10～40wt％。
7.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中，所述机械搅拌的转速为1500-2000rmp。
8.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中，所述干燥是在空气中自然干燥24小时，所述烧结的温度是1400～1600℃。
9.按照权利要求1～8任一项所述方法制备的泡沫陶瓷坯体，其特征在于：其气孔率为90～98％；其强度可达0.3～1.0MPa。
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Cited By (1)

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CN110028337A (zh) * 2019-03-27 2019-07-19 辽宁科技大学 一种多级开孔泡沫陶瓷的制备方法

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