CN107863790A - 电源*** - Google Patents
电源*** Download PDFInfo
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- CN107863790A CN107863790A CN201710858329.5A CN201710858329A CN107863790A CN 107863790 A CN107863790 A CN 107863790A CN 201710858329 A CN201710858329 A CN 201710858329A CN 107863790 A CN107863790 A CN 107863790A
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- Prior art keywords
- battery
- voltage
- value
- battery pack
- power
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 17
- 101001024685 Pandinus imperator Pandinin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 241000854350 Enicospilus group Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001839 systemic circulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101001128814 Pandinus imperator Pandinin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
- H01M50/51—Connection only in series
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- H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1415—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电源***,其计算与充电电池组(102)相关的特定的电池特性,该充电电池组(102)是判断是否进行并联连接的两个电池组(101,102)中电压值较低的电池组,而且,电源***判断该电池特性是否适合允许条件,从而判断是否相互并联连接两个电池组,另外,电池特性及允许条件的至少一个随着充电电池组的电压值而相应地发生变化。通过使用本发明的电源***,能够控制因析出而导致的电池的性能劣化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电源***。
背景技术
在具备多个电池组的电源***中,在启动电源***时等情况下,有时通过接通与包括在各电池组中的电池列连接的继电器,将多个电池组相互并联连接。此时,若各电池组之间有电压差,则在接通继电器时在电池组之间会有循环电流流动。当该循环电流超过对应于电池组而设定的允许值时,有时可能会导致电池组发生故障。
对此,在专利文献1中,公开了一种电池模块,其只有在电池组的电压差在一定值以下时才将电池组相互并联连接,由此减少电池组的故障。
现有技术文献
专利文献1:日本特表2013-524748号公报
在电池组中使用锂离子电池等情况下,循环电流会在电池电极上析出锂(Li)等,从而有可能导致电池的性能劣化。这种析出一般会在相互并联连接的电池组中电压值较低的充电电池组中发生,该充电电池组的电压值越高越容易发生。
在专利文献1中所记载的技术中,虽然考虑到了各电池组的电压差,但并没有关于析出的发生的记载,也没有考虑与析出的发生相关的电池组的电压值。因此,存在无法控制因析出而导致的电池的性能劣化的问题。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述问题而完成的,目的在于提供一种能够控制因析出而导致的电池的性能劣化的电源***。
根据本发明的一实施方式的电源***是具备多个电池组的电源***,其特征在于,包括:计算装置,用于计算与充电电池组相关的特定的电池特性,所述充电电池组是判断是否进行并联连接的至少两个所述电池组中电压值最低的电池组;以及判断装置,其通过对所述电池特性与允许值进行比较,判断是否并联连接所述电池组,电池特性或允许值两者之一随着充电电池组的电压值而相应地发生变化。
根据本发明的电源***,能够控制因析出而导致的电池的性能劣化。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明的第一实施方式的电源***的结构的图;
图2是示出本发明的第一实施方式的电池组的结构的图;
图3是用于说明析出防止MAP的一例的图;
图4是用于说明本发明的第一实施方式的电源***的动作的流程图;
图5是用于说明本发明的第二实施方式的电源***的动作的流程图;以及
图6是示出本发明的第三实施方式的电源***的结构的图。
符号说明
1 电池部
1a 电池单元
2 电流计
3 电压计
4 温度计
5 开关
5a 继电器
6 BMS
7 主控制部
8 集成控制部
100 电源***
101,102 电池组
200 电气设备
201 负荷/再生设备
202 连接电路
203 设备控制部
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。此外,有时在各附图中具有相同功能的部件用相同的符号表示,并省略其说明。
第一实施方式
图1是示出第一实施方式的电源***的结构的图。图1中所示的电源***100与电气设备200连接,充当电气设备200的动力源。电气设备200没有特别限定,例如可以是混合动力汽车或电动汽车等。此外,电源***100也可以搭载于电气设备200。
电气设备200具备负荷/再生设备201、连接电路202和设备控制部203。负荷/再生设备201充当电源***100的负荷,并且还充当向电源***100供给可再生能源的再生设备。连接电路202对电源***100与负荷/再生设备201的连接状态进行切换。在图例中,连接电路202包括当电源***100与负荷/再生设备201连接时进行预充电的预充电电路202a,但也可以没有预充电电路202a。设备控制部203控制连接电路202。例如,设备控制部203在启动电气设备200时等使用连接电路202将电源***100与负荷/再生设备201连接。另外,设备控制部203向电源***100输入用于控制电源***100的控制信号。
电源***100包括多个电池组。其中一个电池组充当控制其他电池组的主(Master)电池组,其他电池组充当被主电池组控制的从(Slave)电池组。在图1中,示出多个电池组中的两个电池组101和102。电池组101是主电池组,电池组102是从电池组。
图2是示出电池组101和102的结构的图。电池组101和102各自具有电池部1、电流计2、电压计3、温度计4、开关5、以及BMS(Battery Management System:电池监控***)6。另外,主电池组即电池组101还具有主控制部7。此外,如图1所示,主控制部7可与主电池组即电池组101的BMS6一体化。
电池部1由对通过充电蓄积的电力进行放电的二次电池构成。在本实施方式中,电池部1由电池列即相互串联连接的多个电池单元1a构成。电池组101和102各自的电池单元1a在图1中示出八个,在图2中示出三个,但对电池单元1a的数量没有限定。另外,电池单元1a的数量在所有的电池组中也可以相同。在本实施方式中,电池单元1a的数量在所有的电池组中相同,以下设为n个。另外,电池部1不限于将多个电池单元串联连接的电池列的例子,例如,如果将多个单位电池串联连接,单位电池可以如本实施方式所述为一个电池单元,另外也可以利用通过并联连接的多个电池单元构成的单位电池。
电池单元1a的种类没有特别限定,在本实施方式中为锂离子电池。在这种情况下,由于当将电池组101和102相互并联连接时在电池组101和102产生的循环电流,有可能在电池组101和102中电压值低的电池组即充电电池组的负极发生析出(具体而言,锂析出)。该析出的发生条件的另一面,即能够防止析出的条件根据充电电池组的电压值、电流值及温度而不同。以下,有时将当电池组101和102相互并联连接时在电池组101和102产生的循环电流简称为循环电流。
电流计2测量在电池部1流动的电流的值即组电流值,并将表示该组电流值的电流检测信号输出至BMS6。电压计3测量电池部1中所包含的每个电池单元1a的电压的值即单元电压值,并将表示这些单元电压值的电压检测信号输出至BMS6。温度计4测量包含在电池部1中的每个电池单元1a的温度即单元温度,并将表示这些单元温度的温度检测信号输出至BMS6。
开关5对电池部1与其他电池组的电池部1和电气设备200的连接进行切换。在将各电池组并联连接的情况下,使各电池组101和102的开关5全部接通(导通),当停止各电池组的并联连接时,使各电池组101和102的开关5全部关闭。虽然在图2的示例中概念性地示出,但例如如图1所示由隔着电池部1的两个继电器5a等构成。
BMS6分别从电流计2、电压计3及温度计4接受电流检测信号、电压检测信号及温度检测信号。BMS6根据该电压检测信号及温度检测信号所示的单元电压值及单元温度,获取与包含该BMS6的电池组相关的电池信息,并将该电池信息输出至电池组101的主控制部7。此外,在本实施方式中未使用电流检测信号。
在本实施方式中,电池信息是电池部1的电压值即组电压值Vp、电池部1的内部电阻值R,允许值是通过循环电流供给至充电电池组的电力即循环电力的允许值,即允许循环电力值Pin。内部电阻值根据电池部1的温度即组温度T而不同。
允许循环电力值Pin是能够防止因循环电流而在充电电池组的负极发生的析出的最大电力值。如后所述,当通过循环电流供给至充电电池组的电力的推测值即推测循环电力值Pc小于允许循环电力值Pin时,判断为推测循环电力值Pc适合于允许条件,从而可将电池组101和102相互并联连接。此外,此处所说的析出的防止并非意为完全防止析出,而是意为至少将析出保持在允许范围内。
BMS6可通过根据充电电池组的每个温度所示的映射信息即析出防止MAP计算允许循环电力值Pin来确定充电电池组中允许的最大电压值和最大电流值(充电电池组中能够防止析出的最大电压值和最大电流值)的关系。此外,如本实施方式所示,在电池部1包括由多个电池单元1a构成的电池列的情况下,最容易发生析出的电池单元为在该电池列中具有最大电压值的电池单元。因此,在充电电池组中允许的最大电压值为电池单元的单元电压值中最大的单元电压值即最大单元电压值Vmax。
图3是用于说明析出防止MAP的图,按每个温度示出在充电电池组中允许的最大电压值和最大电流值的关系。具体而言,图3是示出温度分别为T1和T2的情况下充电电池组中允许的最大电压值和最大电流值的关系的曲线图。其中,横轴是电流值,纵轴是电压值,温度T1大于温度T2。
如图3所示,能够防止析出的最大电压值和最大电流值的关系为:充电电池组中流动的电流越高,能够防止析出的最大电压值越低,另外,对充电电池组施加的电压越高,能够防止析出的最大电流值越低。另外,温度越高,能够防止析出的最大电压值和最大电流值越低。析出防止MAP按每个温度示出如图3的曲线图所示的关系。析出防止MAP的形式并不特别限定,可用表格等示出上述关系,也可以用数式(近似式)等示出上述关系。
返回到图2进行说明。当BMS6从主控制部7接受进行电池组的相互连接的连接指令时,接通开关5,从而将电池部1与其他电池组的电池部连接,由此,将电池组101和102相互并联连接。
主控制部7从电池组101和102的各自的BMS6接受电池信息,根据这些电池信息,判断是否将电池组101和102相互并联连接。
以下,对主控制部7所进行的具体的处理进行说明。此外,有时将来自电池组101的电池信息中所包含的组电压值Vp、内部电阻值R和允许循环电力值Pin分别标记为Vp1、R1和Pin1,将来自电池组102的电池信息中所包含的组电压Vp、内部电阻值R和允许循环电力值Pin分别标记为Vp2、R2和Pin2。
主控制部7根据组电压Vp1和Vp2,计算电池组101和102之间的电压差即组间电压差ΔV(=|Vp1-Vp2|)。然后,主控制部7根据该组间电压差ΔV,在将电池组101和102相互并联连接时,计算在电池组101和102流动的循环电流的推测值即推测循环电流值Ic(=ΔV/(R1+R2))。进一步,主控制部7判断是否推测循环电流值Ic小于预定耐电流值Ith。耐电流值Ith是不必担心因循环电流而造成电池组101和102破损的最大电流值。
另外,主控制部7通过获取充电电池组的特定的电池特性,判断是否该电池特性适合允许条件。特定的电池特性和允许条件两者之一随着充电电池组的电压值(具体而言,最大单元电压值Vmax)而相应地发生变化。
在本实施方式中,特定的电池特性为在电池组101和102相互并联连接时由电池组101和102产生的循环电流向充电电池组供给的电力的推测值、即推测循环电力Pc。以下,将充电电池组设为电池组102。在这种情况下,推测循环电力Pc根据Pc=Ic2×R2计算。另外,允许条件为小于允许循环电力值Pin2。因此,主控制部7判断是否推测循环电力Pc小于允许循环电力值Pin。
在本实施方式的情况下,当推测循环电流值Ic小于耐电流值Ith,并且推测循环电力Pc小于允许循环电力值Pin时,主控制部7允许电池组101和102的相互连接。另外,当推测循环电流值Ic为耐电流值Ith以上时,或推测循环电力Pc为允许循环电力值Pin以上时,主控制部7不允许电池组101和102的相互连接。
在允许电池组101和102的相互连接的情况下,主控制部7将连接指令输出至电池组101和102的各自的BMS6。
接着,对动作进行说明。图4是用于说明电源***的动作的流程图。以下的动作在启动电气设备200的启动处理中执行。另外,在启动处理前的初始状态,开关5处于关闭状态。
在启动处理中,电气设备200的设备控制部203向主控制部7输出指令电池组的相互连接的控制信号。主控制部7当接受该控制信号时,将动作指令输出至电池组101和102的各自的BMS6。BMS6当接受动作指令时,执行以下的动作。此外,以下的步骤S1~S5、S12的处理通过电池组101和102的各自的BMS6执行,步骤S6~S11的处理通过主控制部7执行。
首先,BMS6分别从电压计3和温度计4接受电压检测信号和温度检测信号,并根据该电压检测信号和温度检测信号所示出的单元电压值和单元温度,检测组电压值Vp和组温度T(步骤S1)。此时,BMS6将单元电压值的总和作为组电压值Vp检测,将单元温度的代表值作为组温度T检测。代表值既可以为平均值、中央值、最大值或最小值等统计值,也可以为特定的电池单元1a的单元温度。特定的电池单元1a例如为单元电压值最高的电池单元1a。另外,温度计4也可以不测量电池单元1a的单元温度,而测量电池组内的规定位置的温度。在这种情况下,BMS6将通过温度计4测量的温度直接用作组温度T。
接着,BMS6根据组温度T推测电池组的内部电阻值R(步骤S2)。例如,BMS6预先存储表示组温度T与内部电阻值R的关系的表格,根据组温度T和该表格推测内部电阻值R。此外,在认为内部电阻值不依赖于组温度T也没有问题的情况下,BMS6也可以将预定值用作内部电阻值R。
之后,BMS6从单元电压值中获取最大值作为最大单元电压值Vmax(步骤S3)。
接着,BMS6根据组温度T、最大单元电压值Vmax和析出防止MAP,计算允许循环电力值Pin(步骤S4)。例如,在图3的示例的情况下,在当温度为组温度T时的曲线图中,BMS6将与最大单元电压值Vmax对应的电流值作为允许电流值Iin求出,并通过进行规定的计算来求出与允许电流值Iin对应的、可向整个组输入的电力即允许循环电力值Pin(=Vp×Iin)。在这种情况下,允许循环电力值Pin随着最大单元电压值Vmax而相应地发生变化,其结果是,允许条件也随着最大单元电压值Vmax而相应地发生变化。
当计算允许循环电力值Pin时,BMS6将组电压值Vp、内部电阻值R和允许循环电力值Pin作为电池信息输出至主控制部7(步骤S5)。
主控制部7从电池组101和102的各自的BMS6接受电池信息。主控制部7根据电池信息中所包含的组电压值Vp1和Vp2,计算组间电压差ΔV(=|Vp1-Vp2|)(步骤S6)。
之后,主控制部7根据组间电压差ΔV和电池信息中所包含的内部电阻值R1和R2,计算推测循环电流值Ic(=ΔV/(R1+R2))(步骤S7)。接着,主控制部7判断是否推测循环电流值Ic小于耐电流值Ith(步骤S8)。
当推测循环电流值Ic为耐电流值Ith以上时,主控制部7判断不允许电池组101和102的相互连接,并结束处理。另一方面,当推测循环电流值Ic小于耐电流值Ith时,主控制部7选择电池组101和102中组电压值Vp低的电池组(在此为电池组102)作为充电电池组。接着,主控制部7根据推测循环电流值Ic和充电电池组102的内部电阻值R2,计算由循环电流供给至充电电池组102的循环电力的推测值即推测循环电力值Pc(=Ic2×R2)(步骤S9)。
之后,主控制部7判断是否推测循环电力值Pc小于电池信息中所包含的允许循环电力值Pin2(步骤S10)。当推测循环电力值Pc为允许循环电力值Pin2以上时,主控制部7判断不允许电池组101和102的相互连接,并结束处理。另一方面,当推测循环电力值Pc小于允许循环电力值Pin2时,主控制部7允许电池组101和102的相互连接,并将连接指令输出至电池组101和102的各自的BMS6(步骤S11)。
BMS6当从主控制部7接受连接指令时,接通开关5,并将电池部1与其他电池组的电池部连接,由此,将电池组间相互并联连接(步骤S12),并结束处理。
此外,除了上述动作以外,也可以根据需要,根据其他条件判断是否允许电池组101和102之间的相互连接。在这种情况下,当推测循环电流值Ic小于耐电流值Ith,并且推测循环电力Pc小于允许循环电力值Pin,而且还满足其他条件时,允许电池组101和102的相互连接。另外,在电池组为三个以上的情况下,主控制部7对每个电池组进行上述处理,并将允许连接的电池组分别连接至主电池组即电池组101。
如以上所作的说明,根据本实施方式,用于判断是否将电池组101和102相互并联连接的允许条件随着充电电池组即电池组102的电压值而相应地发生变化,所以能够通过考虑到析出而判断是否将电池组101和102相互并联连接。因此,能够控制因析出而导致的电池的性能劣化。更详细地说明,根据本实施方式,当将各电池组101和102的继电器5从全部关闭的状态转换成接通的状态时,为了控制可能因循环电流发生的Li析出而导致的电池的性能劣化,并且控制因大循环电流而导致的继电器故障,通过主控制部7,根据来自各电池组的电池部的电池信息即总电压Vp判断充电电池组,并根据电池信息即电阻R、电压差ΔV和总电压Vp计算与充电电池组相关的推测循环电力值Pc(电池特性)。另外,根据总电压Vp、预定电流I与电压V的关系(图3),计算与充电电池组相关的允许循环电力值Pin2(允许条件),通过对允许循环电力Pin2和推测循环电力值Pc进行比较来判断是否进行并联连接,并在判断进行并联连接的情况下,接通各电池组的继电器5a。而且,上述的电流与电压的关系为电压信息(Vmax)越大则电流越小的关系。这样,影响析出的充电电池组中最大电压的单元的电压值Vmax越大,允许电流值Iin越小,从而Pin2变得越小。因此,虽然当推测循环电力值Pc小于与充电电池组相关的允许循环电力值Pin2时接通继电器5,但由于Vmax越大则Pin2变得越小,所以如果推测循环电力值Pc不变成更小的值,继电器5不接通。其结果是,由于推测循环电力值Pc依赖于温度,而在温度变高前继电器不接通,所以能够控制因析出而导致的电池的性能劣化。
第二实施方式
在本实施方式中,电源***的结构与在图1和图2所示的第一实施方式中的结构相同,但用于判断是否允许电池组101和102的相互连接的特定的电池特性与第一实施方式不同。
具体而言,在本实施方式中,作为充电电池组102的特定的电池特性,主控制部7计算将电池组101和102相互并联连接时充电电池组内的电池单元的各自的电压值中的最大值的推测值。如本实施方式所示,在所述电池部1包括由多个电池单元1a构成的电池列的情况下,主控制部7首先计算对充电电池组102中所包含的每一个电池单元1a施加的电压(与电池单元1a的OCV(Open Circuit Voltage:开放电路电压)不同地施加到电池单元1a的电压)的推测值,并将充电电池组102的电池单元1a的电压值(OCV)中最大的电压值加算到该推测值中,计算电池单元1a中的电压中最大值的推测值。以下,将该最大值的推测值称为并联连接时推测最大单元电压Vc。
主控制部7根据推测循环电流值Ic、充电电池组102的最大单元电压值Vmax2和内部电阻值R2、以及充电电池组102的电池单元1a的数量n计算并联连接时推测最大单元电压Vc(=Vmax2+IcR2/n)。在这种情况下,特定的电池特性即并联连接时推测最大单元电压Vc随着充电电池组102的电压值(最大单元电压值Vmax2)而相应地发生变化。
另外,在本实施方式中,允许条件为并联连接时推测最大单元电压Vc小于析出允许电压值Vs。析出允许电压值Vs为将电池组101和102相互并联连接时由对充电电池组施加的电压对组内所包含的每一个单元施加的电压的允许值。如本实施方式所示,在电池部1包括由多个电池单元1a构成的电池列的情况下,析出允许电压值Vs成为对充电电池组102的一个电池单元1a施加的电压的允许值。此外,通过主控制部7计算析出允许电压值Vs。
接着对动作进行说明。图5是用于说明本实施方式的电源***的动作的流程图。首先,执行使用图4说明的步骤S1~S3。当步骤S3结束时,电池组101和102的各自的BMS6将组电压值Vp、内部电阻值R、组温度T以及最大单元电压值Vmax作为电池信息输出至主控制部7(步骤S5a)。之后,主控制部7分别从电池组101和102接受电池信息,并执行使用图3说明的步骤S6~S8。
在步骤S8,当推测循环电流值Ic大于耐电流值Ith时,主控制部7判断不允许电池组101和102的相互连接,并结束处理。另一方面,当推测循环电流值Ic小于耐电流值Ith时,主控制部7选择电池组101和102中组电压Vp低的电池组(在此为电池组102)作为充电电池组。然后,主控制部7根据推测循环电流值Ic和组温度T、析出防止MAP(图3),计算每个电池单元1a的允许电压值即析出允许电压值Vs(步骤S9a)。例如,在图3的示例的情况下,在当温度为组温度T时的曲线图中,主控制部7将与推测循环电流值Ic对应的电压值作为析出允许电压值Vs计算。
之后,主控制部7根据来自充电电池组102的电池信息中所包含的最大单元电压值Vmax2和内部电阻值R2、在步骤S7算出的推测循环电流值Ic、以及充电电池组102的电池单元1a的数量n,计算并联连接时推测最大单元电压Vc(=Vmax2+IcR2/n)(步骤S9b)。此外,充电电池组102的电池单元1a的数量n可存储在主控制部7中,充电电池组102的BMS6也可以作为电池信息通知给主控制部7。
接着,主控制部7判断是否并联连接时推测最大单元电压Vc小于析出允许电压值Vs(步骤S10a)。当并联连接时推测最大单元电压Vc为析出允许电压值Vs以上时,主控制部7判断不允许电池组101和102的相互连接,并结束处理。另一方面,当并联连接时推测最大单元电压Vc小于析出允许电压值Vs时,主控制部7执行步骤S11。之后,执行步骤S12。
在本实施方式中,特定的电池特性即并联连接时推测最大单元电压Vc随着充电电池组102的电压值(最大单元电压值Vmax2)而相应地发生变化,因此,能够控制因析出而导致的电池的性能劣化。更详细地说明,根据本实施方式,当将各电池组101和102的继电器5从全部关闭的状态转换成接通的状态时,为了控制可能因循环电流发生的Li析出而导致的电池的性能劣化,并且控制因大循环电流而导致的继电器故障,通过主控制部7,根据来自各电池组的电池部的电池信息即组电压Vp判断充电电池组,并根据电池信息即Vmax计算与充电电池组相关的最大单元电压Vc(电池特性)。另外,根据电池信息即组电压值Vp、预定电流与电压的关系(图3)计算与充电电池组相关的析出允许电压值Vs,通过对最大单元电压Vc和析出允许电压值Vs进行比较来判断是否进行并联连接,并在判断进行并联连接的情况下,接通各电池组的继电器5a。这样,影响锂析出的充电电池组中最大电压的单元的电压值Vmax越大则Vc变得越大。因此,虽然当Vc小于Vs时接通继电器5,但由于Vmax越大则Vc变得越大,所以继电器5难以接通。因此,电流不流动而能够控制析出。其结果是,由于依赖于温度的析出允许电压值Vs,在温度变高前继电器不接通,所以能够控制因析出而导致的电池的性能劣化。
第三实施方式
在第一和第二实施方式中,判断是否允许电池组101和102的相互连接的判断部作为主控制部7具备主电池组101,但判断部也可以设置在电池组101之外。
图6是示出本实施方式的电源***的结构的图。在图6中,与图1所示的电源***进行比较,不同之处在于还具备集成控制部8。另外,电池组101不具备主控制部7。
集成控制部8是判断是否允许电池组101和102的相互连接的判断部,具有图2所示的主控制部7的功能。在本实施方式中,电池组101和102的BMS6将电池信息输出至集成控制部8,而不是输出至主控制部7。集成控制部8的动作与在第一和第二实施方式中说明的主控制部7的动作相同,所以省略详细说明。
在以上说明的各实施方式中,所图示的结构只是一例,本发明不限于该结构。例如,也可以不设置连接电路202(即使是直接连接)。由于在继电器5为关闭状态时,负荷/再生设备201也处于待机状态,所以即使没有连接电路202(即使是直接连接),当继电器5从关闭转换成接通时,只要电池组间存在电压差就可能会产生循环电流。此外,在将由并联连接的多个电池单元构成的单位电池串联连接的情况下,充电电池组的电压值优选为单位电池的电压值,并且是充电电池组内的最大电压值。
Claims (4)
1.一种具备多个电池组的电源***,其特征在于,包括:
计算装置,用于计算与充电电池组相关的特定的电池特性,所述充电电池组是判断是否进行并联连接的至少两个所述电池组中电压值最低的电池组;以及
判断装置,其通过对所述电池特性与允许值进行比较,判断是否并联连接所述电池组,
所述电池特性或所述允许值两者之一随着所述充电电池组的电压值而相应地发生变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电源***,其特征在于,
所述充电电池组的电压值越高,越提高所述电池特性值或降低所述允许值。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电源***,其特征在于,
所述电池组具备可充放电的电池列、与所述电池列串联设置且并联连接所述电池组的继电器、以及用于检测所述电池列的状态的检测装置,所述电池列由多个单位电池串联而成,所述单位电池包括一个电池单元或并联连接的多个电池单元。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电源***,其特征在于,
所述充电电池组的电压值是所述单位电池的电压值,且是所述电池组中最大的电压值。
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CN115136381B (zh) * | 2020-02-12 | 2023-10-03 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | 蓄电池***的劣化判定装置、蓄电池***的劣化判定方法、蓄电池***及蓄电池监视装置 |
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CN112748345B (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2024-06-11 | 广州极飞科技股份有限公司 | 电池组合***的安全性能测试方法和装置 |
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WO2018056262A1 (ja) | 2018-03-29 |
CN107863790B (zh) | 2022-02-11 |
EP3518382A1 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
KR20180122428A (ko) | 2018-11-12 |
KR102215350B1 (ko) | 2021-02-15 |
US10608445B2 (en) | 2020-03-31 |
JPWO2018056262A1 (ja) | 2019-04-25 |
US20190123568A1 (en) | 2019-04-25 |
EP3518382A4 (en) | 2020-04-01 |
JP6664005B2 (ja) | 2020-03-13 |
EP3518382B1 (en) | 2022-03-30 |
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