CN107851833A - 包括安全成分的袋型二次电池 - Google Patents
包括安全成分的袋型二次电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107851833A CN107851833A CN201680005137.3A CN201680005137A CN107851833A CN 107851833 A CN107851833 A CN 107851833A CN 201680005137 A CN201680005137 A CN 201680005137A CN 107851833 A CN107851833 A CN 107851833A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- inner pouch
- bag
- outer bag
- secondary battery
- type secondary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonyl difluoride Chemical group CP(F)(F)=O PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 alkylene glycol Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical class [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical class OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 15
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 5
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- ICAIHSUWWZJGHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dotriacontanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ICAIHSUWWZJGHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Salicylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ALVFUQVKODCQQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentan-3-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ALVFUQVKODCQQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical class CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 101000598921 Homo sapiens Orexin Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 229910014172 LiMn2-xMxO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014774 LiMn2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种袋型二次电池,包括位于内部袋和外部袋之间的诸如十二氟‑2‑甲基戊‑3‑酮之类的安全成分,其中所述安全成分使得电池温度保持较低或能够在电池着火时使电池熄灭并且具有改善抑制湿气渗透的效果。
Description
技术领域
本申请要求于2015年7月27日在韩国提交的韩国专利申请第10-2015-0105980号的优先权,通过引用将上述专利申请的公开内容结合在此。
本公开内容涉及包括安全成分的袋型二次电池。
背景技术
随着包括摄像机、手机和便携式电脑在内的便携式电子产品的广泛使用,主要用作为便携式电子产品供电的电源的二次电池的重要性日益增加。特别地,锂二次电池被越来越多地用于广泛的应用中,因为相较于传统的铅蓄电池和其他二次电池,诸如镍镉电池、镍氢电池和镍锌电池,锂二次电池每单位重量具有更高的能量密度并且允许更快的充电。
一般而言,与不能充电的原电池不同,二次电池是可再充电的,并且随着高科技领域中数码相机、手机、笔记本电脑和混合动力汽车的发展,对二次电池已经进行了许多研究。二次电池包括镍镉电池、镍金属氢化物电池、镍氢电池和锂二次电池。其中,锂二次电池具有3.6V或更高的工作电压并且在串联连接时可用作便携式电子装置的电源或用在高输出混合动力汽车中,使用比镍镉电池或镍金属氢化物电池的工作电压高三倍并且每单位重量的能量密度特性更好的锂二次电池的趋势快速增长。
根据电解质的类型,可将锂二次电池划分为使用液体电解质的锂离子电池和使用聚合物固体电解质的锂离子聚合物电池。此外,根据聚合物固体电解质的类型,可将锂离子聚合物电池划分为不含电解质溶液的全固态锂离子聚合物电池和使用包含电解质溶液的凝胶型聚合物电解质的锂离子聚合物电池。
在使用液体电解质的锂离子电池的情形中,通过焊接密实地密封的圆柱形或棱柱形金属罐通常被用作容器。使用金属罐作为容器的罐式二次电池具有固定的形状,因此该缺点限制了使用此类电池作为电源的电子产品的设计,并且很难减小体积。因此,开发了通过将两个电极、隔板和电解质放置在由膜制成的袋中并且密封而制造的袋型二次电池并且正在使用中。
图1示出了传统的袋型二次电池的实施方式,其中袋100大致分为下片20和位于下片20之上的上片10,嵌入袋100中的电极组件30是通过堆叠和缠绕正极、负极和隔板形成的。在将电极组件容纳在袋100内侧之后,上片10和下片20沿着边缘通过热熔而进行密封以形成密封部23。此外,从每个电极引出的接片37、38与电极引线39、40接合,并且接片41可在与密封部23重叠部分处贴附至电极引线39、40。
代表性地披露上片10用于说明具有上片10和下片20的袋的结构。上片10具有多层膜结构,包括按顺序堆叠的:可热焊接并被用作密封剂的内层或聚烯烃基树脂层、用作保持机械强度的基板和抵抗湿气和氧气的阻挡层的金属层或铝层(AL/Aluminum Layer)、充当基板和保护层的外层(一般为尼龙层)。关于聚烯烃基树脂层,通常使用流延聚丙烯(castedpolypropylene,CPP)。
袋型二次电池的优点为:形状上具有柔性,并且具有相同容量的二次电池可以较小的体积和质量实现。然而,相较于罐式二次电池,袋型二次电池由于使用软质材料的袋作为容器而具有弱机械强度和湿气渗透风险,并且具有由于异常的电池操作导致电池内部高温和高压而可能发生电池***的安全性问题,所述异常的电池操作例如内部短路、超出允许电流和电压的过度充电、暴露于高温、以及坠落引起的冲击。特别地,汽车电池需要高容量,随着容量越高,安全性越差。
此外,传统的袋型二次电池包括位于袋中的电解质溶液,在密封工艺中,电解质溶液的气相分子可通过扩散渗入密封部中。由渗入密封部中的电解质溶液分子导致的局部缺陷(defect)或微裂纹(micro crack)变成通向外部的电路径,导致电池的绝缘电阻破坏。
为了提高电池的安全性,已进行了许多研究,但还有改进的空间。
发明内容
技术问题
设计本公开内容来解决现有技术的问题,如上面提到的问题,因此,本公开内容涉及提供一种用于二次电池的袋以及包括所述袋的袋型二次电池,当由于异常的电池操作导致电池的内部高温的情况下发生火灾时,所述袋用于防止电池起火或熄灭火灾而具有提高的安全性。
本公开内容进一步涉及提供一种袋型二次电池,其中防止了当二次电池产生热量时袋体积的膨胀。
本公开内容进一步涉及提供一种具有增强的密封性和降低的湿气渗透风险的用于二次电池的袋以及包括所述袋的袋型二次电池。
本公开内容进一步涉及提供一种具有改善的绝缘效果的用于二次电池的袋。
技术方案
为了实现上述目的,根据本公开内容的一个实施方式,提供一种包括电极组件的袋型二次电池,所述电极组件包括正极、负极以及插置在正极和负极之间的隔板,其中所述电极组件被容纳在内部袋中,使得电极引线从内部袋中引出,所述内部袋被容纳在外部袋中,使得电极引线从外部袋中引出,并且安全成分被包括在内部袋和外部袋之间的空间中。
所述安全成分可以是选自由氮气、烷撑二醇(alkylene glycol)、1,3-丙二醇、二茂铁衍生物、有机酸基化合物、十二氟-2-甲基戊-3-酮、十氟-2-甲基丁-3-酮、1,1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊-2-酮、1,1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊-3-酮、1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-八氟-3-双(三氟甲基)-戊-2-酮、十二氟-4-甲基戊-2-酮、十二氟-3-甲基戊-2-酮、十二氟-3,3-(二甲基)丁-2-酮和十二氟己-3-酮构成的组的一种,或它们的混合物。
内部袋和外部袋之间的空间的体积可以是基于最终制造的袋型二次电池的总体积的5vol%以上并且小于10vol%。
袋型二次电池可包括电极引线,用于内部袋的引线带和用于外部袋的引线带贴附至所述电极引线。
用于内部袋的引线带可位于内部袋密封部处,用于外部袋的引线带可位于外部袋密封部处。
内部袋被容纳在外部袋中,其中内部袋的密封部向上或向下折叠。
根据本公开内容的另一实施方式,提供一种制造袋型二次电池的方法,包括:(S1)将电极组件容纳在内部袋中,使得电极引线从内部袋中引出,并且密实地密封内部袋的边缘;(S2)将内部袋容纳在外部袋中,使得电极引线从外部袋中引出,并且密实地密封外部袋的除电极引线引出部和待引入安全成分的入口之外的边缘;(S3)通过入口将安全成分引入内部袋和外部袋之间的空间中;和(S4)完全密实地密封安全成分入口。
有益效果
根据本公开内容的一个实施方式的包括安全成分的袋型二次电池具有以下效果:在异常电池操作的情况下,当发生火灾时,通过插置在内部袋和外部袋之间的安全成分,电池温度保持在较低水平或者电池火灾被熄灭。
此外,安全成分具有防止袋溶胀的效果。
另外,用于电极组件和电解质溶液的内部袋和外部袋的双重密封更有效地防止湿气从外部渗入。
此外,由于一起使用外部袋和内部袋,因此对二次电池的绝缘效果有改善。
附图说明
图1是示意性地示出传统的袋型二次电池的结构的视图。
图2是示意性地示出根据本公开内容的一个实施方式的应用于内部袋的电极组件的视图。
图3是示意性地示出根据本公开内容的一个实施方式的应用于密封的内部袋的外部袋的视图。
具体实施方式
下文中,将参照附图详细地描述本公开内容的优选实施方式。在描述之前,在说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的术语或词语不应解释为受限于一般和字典意义,而是应基于以允许发明人对最佳解释适当地定义术语的原则根据对应于本公开内容的技术方面的意义和概念来解释。
因此,在此描述的实施方式和附图中的图示仅仅是本公开内容的最优选的实施方式而已,并不代表本公开内容的所有技术方面,因而应理解的是:在本申请提出的时候,可作为替代进行许多等同替换和修改。
下文中,参照图2和图3详细地描述本公开内容。
根据本公开内容的用于二次电池的袋包括内部袋200和外部袋300,其中安全成分(未示出)被包括在内部袋200和外部袋300之间,并且电极组件30容纳于内部袋200中。
电极组件和电解质溶液容纳于内部袋200中,安全成分置于内部袋200的外侧,更具体地,安全成分位于内部袋200和外部袋300之间的空间中。内部袋200可以是单独的树脂层的形式或者是包括树脂层和金属层的层压片的形式。树脂和金属可以是任何材料和本领域通常使用的形状,只要它们不与电解质溶液和安全成分发生反应即可。由于电解质溶液包括于内部袋中,内部袋密封部切面不接触任何外部金属并且电解质溶液不包括在外部袋中,因此可消除或最小化电池绝缘问题。因此,绝缘要求不严格,内部袋材料有广泛的选择。
形成内部袋的袋片材的非限制性实例包括热熔层、金属层和外层,并且如果需要的话可包括大量的功能层。热熔层是根据本公开内容的一个实施方式的用于二次电池的袋的上片210和下片220的边缘处面向彼此的表面,金属层和外层按顺序堆叠在热熔层上并与之接合,从而形成密封部223。或者,内部袋片材可由许多其他替代的材料层形成。
关于热熔层,可使用能够热焊接(热粘合)并且具有低润湿性以防止电解质溶液渗透并且不因电解质溶液而膨胀或腐蚀的聚合物树脂材料,例如,可使用选自由流延聚丙烯(CPP)、氯化聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯丙烯共聚物、聚乙烯和丙烯酸的共聚物以及聚丙烯和丙烯酸的共聚物构成的组的树脂。
金属层可由不仅具有防止诸如气体和湿气之类的杂质引入或泄漏的功能而且具有提高袋的强度的功能的材料形成,具体地说,可使用铝。
外层需要对围绕内部袋的安全成分具有高抵抗性。非限制性的实例包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和定向尼龙膜。
内部袋片材的总厚度一般可为40-200μm,外层和内层可为10-120μm厚,金属层可为20-120μm厚,但并不限于此。
电极组件和电解质溶液容纳于内部袋中。
电极组件230具有电极接片237、238,电极引线239、240与电极接片237、238接合并从内部袋和外部袋引出。引线带241可位于电极引线239、240上,以提高内部袋和外部袋的每一个的袋片材对电极引线的粘附力。根据本公开内容的一个实施方式,除了在密封内部袋200时用于提高粘附力的引线带241之外,可在电极引线239、240上设置引线带342(图3),以便在密封外部袋300时提高粘附力。考虑到在内部袋200处进行密封的密封部223的位置和在外部袋处进行密封的密封部323的位置,引线带可位于电极引线239、240上。
引线带不限于特定类型并且包括能够提高电极引线和袋片材的粘附力的本领域通常使用的任何材料。例如,引线带可由聚乙烯、聚乙炔、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、尼龙、聚酰亚胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯、或它们的合成材料制成。
其中容纳有电极组件230的内部袋200在密封部223处密封,在这种情况下,引线带241位于连接至电极组件230的电极接片的电极引线239、240上、对应于内部袋密封部223的区域处,以提高内部袋片材的粘附力。
除引出电极端子的端部之外,内部袋密封部223可向上或向下折叠以最小化体积,然后内部袋被容纳在外部袋中,并且折叠的密封部可通过包括但不限于胶带的固定构件装置固定至内部袋。在其他实施方式中,当将内部袋容纳在外部袋中时,密封部223可不向上或向下折叠。
参照图3,其中容纳有电极组件的内部袋200被容纳在外部袋300中。
外部袋300包括但不限于上片310和下片320。外部袋300可由包括热熔层、金属层和外层的层压片形成,它们并不限于特定类型的材料和形状。也就是说,外部袋300可由本领域通常使用的材料制成和呈现本领域通常使用的形状。
例如,关于热熔层,如针对内部袋所描述的,可使用选自由流延聚丙烯(CPP)、氯化聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯丙烯共聚物、聚乙烯和丙烯酸的共聚物、以及聚丙烯和丙烯酸的共聚物构成的组的树脂。此外,关于金属层,可使用铝。此外,关于外层,可使用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和取向的尼龙膜。外部袋300可由与内部袋200相同或不同的材料形成。
外部袋300制造成具有比内部袋200更大的尺寸以完全容纳内部袋200,只是电极引线从外部袋300引出。可考虑具体应用或期望裕度的需求来设计外部袋的尺寸。然而,为了确保安全成分的效果同时防止因外部袋中存在安全成分而导致体积过度增加,理想的是设计外部袋使得外部袋和内部袋之间的空间的体积为电池所占总体积的5-50vol%,更优选为小于10vol%。
从内部袋200引出的电极引线339、340可具有引线带342,使得引线带342的位置对应于外部袋300的密封区域以实现更好的外部袋密封。引线带342的材料与上述相同,并且可与提供来改善内部袋200的片材密封的引线带241的材料相同或不同。
安全成分被包括在内部袋和外部袋之间的空间中。
关于安全成分,可以使用包含在内部袋和外部袋之间的空间中以在产生热的情况下吸收热量而使电池温度保持在低水平的具有高热容量的材料。或者,关于安全成分,可以使用能够熄灭或抑制电池火灾的材料。此外,关于安全成分,优选地使用随着温度改变而具有较小体积改变的材料。所述材料的非限制性实例包括但不限于选自由以下材料构成的组中的一种:氮气;烷撑二醇,诸如乙二醇或丙二醇;1,3-丙二醇;二茂铁衍生物,诸如二茂铁醛或酮类化合物、二茂铁羧酸化合物或它们的衍生物、或二茂铁醇(ferrocene alcohol)、酚(phenol)或醚化合物(ether compounds)、或二茂铁碳氢化合物(ferrocenehydrocarbon compounds)、或含氮二茂铁化合物(nitrogen-containing ferrocenecompounds)、或含硫或含磷二茂铁化合物(sulfur-containing or phosphorus-containing ferrocene compounds)、或含硅二茂铁化合物(silicone-containingferrocene compounds)、或杂环二茂铁化合物(heterocyclic ferrocene compounds);诸如有机酸基化合物之类的化合物,诸如癸酸(capric acid)、十二烷酸(dodecanoic acid)、十四烷酸(tetradecanoic acid)、十六烷酸(hexadecanoic acid)、十七烷酸(heptadecanoic acid)、十八烷酸(octadecanoic acid)、二十烷酸(eicosanoic acid)、二十二烷酸(docosanoic acid)、二十六烷酸(hexacosanoic acid)、三十一烷酸(hentriacontylic acid)、三十二烷酸(dotriacontanoic acid)、巴豆酸(crotonicacid)、十八烯酸(oleic acid)、十七碳烯酸(heptadecenoic acid)、十六碳烯酸(hexadecenoic acid)、己二烯酸(hexadienic acid)、草酸(oxalic acid)、丙二酸(malonic acid)、丁二酸(succinic acid)、戊二酸(glutaric acid)、庚二酸(pimelicacid)、辛二酸(suberic acid)、癸二酸(sebacic acid)、十三烷酸(brassylic acid)、十六烷酸(hexadecanedioic acid)、顺式丁烯酸(cis-crotonic acid)、反式丁烯酸(trans-crotonic acid)、2-羟基丙酸(2-hydroxypropionic acid)、2-羟基丁二酸(2-hydroxybutanedioic acid)、2,3-二羟基丁二酸(2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid)、2-羟基-1,2,3-均丙三羧酸(2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid)、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸(3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid)、2-羟基苯甲酸(2-hydroxybenzoic acid)、3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸(3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoic acid)、苯甲酸(benzoic acid)或甲基胍乙酸(methylguanidoacetic acid);十二氟-2-甲基戊-3-酮(dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan-3-one)、十氟-2-甲基丁-3-酮(decafluoro-2-methylbutan-3-one)、1,1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊-2-酮(1,1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentan-2-one)、1,1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊-3-酮(1,1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentan-3-one)、1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-八氟-3-双(三氟甲基)-戊-2-酮(1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-pentan-2-one)、十二氟-4-甲基戊-2-酮(dodecafluoro-4-methylpentan-2-one)、十二氟-3-甲基戊-2-酮(dodecafluoro-3-methylpentan-2-one)、十二氟-3,3-(二甲基)丁-2-酮(dodecafluoro-3,3-(dimethyl)butan-2-one)和十二氟己-3-酮(dodecafluorohexan-3-one),或它们的混合物。
外部袋和内部袋之间的空间是基于最终制造的袋型二次电池的总体积的5-50vol%,优选地小于10vol%,并且外部袋和内部袋之间的整个空间由安全成分填充,因此电池温度保持在较低水平或者当发生火灾时电池火灾可被熄灭,并且电池的能量密度的过度减小也得以防止。或者,在其他实施方式中,如果需要的话,所述袋可被配置成使得安全成分存在于引出电极引线的部分周围。
根据本公开内容的另一实施方式,提供一种制造用于二次电池的袋的方法,包括:(S1)将电极组件容纳在内部袋中,使得电极引线从内部袋中引出,并且密实地密封内部袋的边缘;(S2)将内部袋容纳在外部袋中,使得电极引线从外部袋中引出,并且密实地密封外部袋的除电极引线引出部和待引入安全成分的入口之外的边缘;(S3)通过入口将安全成分引入内部袋和外部袋之间的空间中;和(S4)完全密实地密封安全成分入口。
当安全成分为固态时,如果需要的话,替代执行(S3),可提前执行向袋施加安全成分的工艺。例如,将固态安全成分分散在电性稳定的溶剂(例如,水)中,以制备浆料,并且可将所述浆料施加至外部袋的内表面。或者,可将固态安全成分制成膜的形式并使其贴附至内部袋的外表面或外部袋的内表面。或者,可将固态安全成分置于由绝缘无纺布制成的壳层(envelope)中,进行密封,并且放置在或贴附至内部袋的外表面或外部袋的内表面。浆料中使用的溶剂是不与安全成分反应并且电性稳定的溶剂,例如,水。并且,为了添加粘性物质,浆料可进一步包括本领域中通常使用的粘合剂。如果需要的话,所述袋可被制造成使安全成分围绕设置电极引线的区域。
其中容纳有内部袋200的外部袋300沿着除待引入安全成分的入口之外的边缘进行密封,并在引入安全成分之后,将密封部323完全密封。
根据本公开内容的另一实施方式,提供一种袋型二次电池,其特征在于:电极组件和电解质容纳于内部袋中,所述电极组件包括正极、负极以及插置在正极和负极之间的隔板,所述内部袋容纳于外部袋中,安全成分包括在内部袋和外部袋之间的空间中,电极接片从正极和负极的每一个延伸出并接合至电极引线,所述电极引线设置有用于密封内部袋的引线带和用于密封外部袋的引线带,并且电极引线从外部袋中引出。
由于在通过密封将内部袋完全密封之后,才将安全成分引入内部袋和外部袋之间,因此安全成分不存在于内部袋中。因此,避免了将安全成分包括在电解质溶液中时可能发生的电池性能降低。此外,由于安全成分,具有防止在从电池产生热的情况下可能发生袋膨胀的作用。
在上文中,正极包括正极活性材料和正极集电器,负极包括负极活性材料和负极集电器。
在本公开内容中,可通过将正极活性材料、导电材料和粘合剂的混合物施加至正极集电器并进行干燥来制造正极,如果需要的话,可将填料添加至所述混合物。正极活性材料包括但不限于:锂钴氧化物(LiCoO2)和锂镍氧化物(LiNiO2)的层状化合物或由其他过渡金属取代的化合物;化学式为Li1+xMn2-xO4(其中,x为0~0.33)的锂锰氧化物、LiMnO3、LiMn2O3、LiMnO2;锂铜氧化物(Li2CuO2);钒氧化物,诸如LiV3O8、V2O5、Cu2V2O7;由化学式LiNi1-xMxO2(其中,M=Co、Mn、Al、Cu、Fe、Mg、B或Ga,x=0.01~0.3)表示的Ni-位型锂镍氧化物;由化学式LiMn2-xMxO2(其中,M=Co、Ni、Fe、Cr、Zn或Ta,x=0.01~0.1)或Li2Mn3MO8(其中,M=Fe、Co、Ni、Cu或Zn)表示的锂锰复合氧化物;LiMn2O4,其中化学式中Li部分地被碱土金属离子取代;二硫化合物;以及Fe2(MoO4)3。
正极集电器一般被制造成具有3-500μm的厚度。正极集电器不限于任何特定类型,只要其具有高导电性同时不会对相应电池引起化学变化即可,例如,可包括:不锈钢、铝、镍、钛、煅烧碳、或经碳、镍、钛和银表面处理的铝或不锈钢。集电器可具有纳米级的纹理表面,以增加正极活性材料的粘附性,并且可具有包括膜、片、箔、网、多孔材料、泡沫和无纺布在内的各种类型。
粘合剂是有助于活性材料和导电材料的结合以及结合至集电器的物质,并且以正极混合物的总重量计,粘合剂一般存在的量为1-50wt%。粘合剂包括但不限于高分子量的聚丙烯腈-丙烯酸共聚物。作为另一实例,粘合剂可包括聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、淀粉、羟丙基纤维素、再生纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯单体(EPDM)、磺化EPDM、丁苯橡胶、氟橡胶、和各种共聚物。
导电材料具有导电特性同时不会对相应电池引起化学变化,并且以正极混合物的总重量计,导电材料可存在的量为1wt%至50wt%。例如,导电材料包括石墨,诸如天然石墨或人工石墨;炭黑,诸如炭黑、乙炔黑、ketjen黑、槽法炭黑、炉法炭黑、灯黑、和热炭黑;导电纤维,诸如碳纤维或金属纤维;金属粉末,诸如氟化碳、铝或镍粉;导电晶须,诸如氧化锌和钛酸钾;导电金属氧化物,诸如钛氧化物;诸如聚苯撑衍生物之类的导电聚合物。可选地,正极可包括填料作为用于抑制膨胀的物质。
填料不限于任何特定类型,只要其是纤维材料同时不会对相应电池引起化学变化即可,填料例如可包括:烯烃基聚合物,诸如聚乙烯和聚丙烯;纤维材料,诸如玻璃纤维和碳纤维。
在本公开内容中,可通过将负极活性材料、粘合剂和导电材料的混合物施加至集电器并干燥溶剂来获得负极。
负极活性材料包括:碳和石墨材料,诸如天然石墨、人工石墨、膨胀石墨、碳纤维、非石墨化碳、炭黑、碳纳米管、富勒烯和活性炭;可与锂形成合金的金属,例如Al、Si、Sn、Ag、Bi、Mg、Zn、In、Ge、Pb、Pd、Pt、Ti,以及包括这些元素的化合物;这些金属的复合化合物以及具有碳和石墨材料的化合物;以及含锂氮化物。
本公开内容的负极活性材料可进一步包括导电材料和/或填料,作为用于提高负极活性材料的导电性的物质。导电材料和填料与前面正对正极描述的内容相同。
负极集电器一般具有约3-500μm的厚度。负极集电器不限于特定类型,只要其具有导电性同时不会对相应电池引起化学变化即可,例如包括:铜、不锈钢、铝、镍、钛、焙烧碳、经碳、镍、钛和银表面处理的铜或不锈钢、以及铝镉合金。此外,类似于正极集电器,负极集电器可具有纳米级的纹理表面,以增加负极活性材料的粘附性,并且可具有包括膜、片、箔、网、多孔材料、泡沫和无纺布在内的各种类型。
在本公开内容中,隔板可***在正极和负极之间,并使用具有高离子渗透和机械强度的绝缘薄膜。隔板的孔径一般是0.01-10μm,隔板的厚度一般是5-300μm。隔板例如包括具有耐化学性和疏水性的烯烃基聚合物,诸如聚丙烯;以及由玻璃纤维或聚乙烯制成的片或无纺布。当使用固体聚合物电解质作为电解质时,该固体电解质可起隔板的作用。
优选地,隔板具有1,000-20,000范围的重均分子量。超出所述分子量范围,则很难确保最佳的拉伸强度和伸长率。
除了正极、负极和隔板之外,一般而言,根据本公开内容的袋型二次电池可进一步包括含锂盐的非水电解质。
含锂盐的非水电解质包括非水电解质和锂。非水电解质包括非水电解质溶液、有机固体电解质和无机固体电解质。
非水电解质溶液例如包括:非质子有机溶剂,诸如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丁烯酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、γ-丁内酯、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、2-甲基四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、1,3-二氧戊环、甲酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、二氧戊环、乙腈、硝基甲烷、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、磷酸三酯、三甲氧基甲烷、二氧戊环衍生物、环丁砜、甲基环丁砜、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮、碳酸丙烯酯衍生物、四氢呋喃衍生物、醚、丙酸甲酯和丙酸乙酯。
有机固体电解质例如包括:聚乙烯衍生物、聚环氧乙烷衍生物、聚环氧丙烷衍生物、磷酸酯聚合物、多聚赖氨酸(agitation lysine)、聚酯硫化物、聚乙烯醇、聚偏二氟乙烯和具有离子解离基团的聚合物。
无机固体电解质例如包括:锂的氮化物、卤化物和硫酸盐,诸如Li3N、LiI、Li5NI2、Li3N-LiI-LiOH、LiSiO4、LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH、Li2SiS3、Li4SiO4、Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH、Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2。
锂盐是易溶于非水电解质的材料,并且例如包括:LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、CH3SO3Li、(CF3SO2)2NLi、氯硼烷锂、低级脂族羧酸锂和四苯基硼酸锂。
此外,为了提高充电/放电特性和阻燃性,非水电解质例如可包括吡啶、亚磷酸三乙酯、三乙醇胺、环醚、乙二胺、n-乙二醇二甲醚、六磷酸三酰胺、硝基苯衍生物、硫、醌亚胺染料、N-取代的恶唑烷酮、N,N-取代的咪唑烷、乙二醇二烷基醚、铵盐、吡咯、2-甲氧基乙醇和三氯化铝。在一些情况下,非水电解质可进一步包括含卤溶剂,诸如四氯化碳和三氟乙烯,以赋予不燃性,并且非水电解质可进一步包括二氧化碳气体,以提高高温保持性。
虽然上文已针对有限数量的实施方式和附图描述了本公开内容,但本公开内容并不限于此,显而易见的是,在本公开内容的技术方面和所附权利要求所赋予的等效物的范围内,本公开内容所属的技术领域的普通技术人员可进行各种修改和改变。
Claims (7)
1.一种袋型二次电池,包括:电极组件,所述电极组件包括正极、负极以及插置在所述正极和所述负极之间的隔板,
其中所述电极组件容纳于内部袋中,使得电极引线从所述内部袋中引出,
所述内部袋容纳于外部袋中,使得所述电极引线从所述外部袋中引出,并且
安全成分包括于所述内部袋和所述外部袋之间的空间中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的袋型二次电池,其中所述安全成分是选自由氮气、烷撑二醇、1,3-丙二醇、二茂铁衍生物、有机酸基化合物、十二氟-2-甲基戊-3-酮、十氟-2-甲基丁-3-酮、1,1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊-2-酮、1,1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5,5-十氟戊-3-酮、1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-八氟-3-双(三氟甲基)-戊-2-酮、十二氟-4-甲基戊-2-酮、十二氟-3-甲基戊-2-酮、十二氟-3,3-(二甲基)丁-2-酮和十二氟己-3-酮构成的组的一种、或它们的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的袋型二次电池,其中所述内部袋和所述外部袋之间的空间的体积是基于最终制造的所述袋型二次电池的总体积的5vol%以上并且小于10vol%。
4.一种袋型二次电池,包括电极引线,用于内部袋的引线带和用于外部袋的引线带贴附至所述电极引线。
5.根据权利要求4所述的袋型二次电池,其中用于内部袋的引线带位于内部袋密封部处,并且用于外部袋的引线带位于外部袋密封部处。
6.根据权利要求1所述的袋型二次电池,其中所述内部袋密封部向上或向下折叠并且所述内部袋容纳于外部袋中。
7.一种制造由权利要求1限定的袋型二次电池的方法,包括:
(S1)将所述电极组件容纳在所述内部袋中,使得所述电极引线从所述内部袋中引出,并且密实地密封所述内部袋的边缘;
(S2)将所述内部袋容纳在所述外部袋中,使得所述电极引线从所述外部袋中引出,并且密实地密封所述外部袋的除电极引线引出部和待引入所述安全成分的入口之外的边缘;
(S3)通过所述入口将所述安全成分引入所述内部袋和所述外部袋之间的空间中;和
(S4)完全密实地密封所述安全成分入口。
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CN114747070B (zh) * | 2020-06-30 | 2024-03-19 | 东莞新能德科技有限公司 | 电池、电池组件、电池组及电子装置 |
EP4290654A1 (en) * | 2021-10-01 | 2023-12-13 | LG Energy Solution, Ltd. | Secondary battery |
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JP6556256B2 (ja) | 2019-08-07 |
EP3220467A1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
US20170358783A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
KR102032508B1 (ko) | 2019-10-15 |
US10673024B2 (en) | 2020-06-02 |
EP3220467A4 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
KR20170013189A (ko) | 2017-02-06 |
CN107851833B (zh) | 2020-11-10 |
WO2017018810A1 (ko) | 2017-02-02 |
JP2018514068A (ja) | 2018-05-31 |
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