CN107850267A - 机动车的压力容器***、机动车和用于中断流体连接的方法 - Google Patents

机动车的压力容器***、机动车和用于中断流体连接的方法 Download PDF

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CN107850267A
CN107850267A CN201680040451.5A CN201680040451A CN107850267A CN 107850267 A CN107850267 A CN 107850267A CN 201680040451 A CN201680040451 A CN 201680040451A CN 107850267 A CN107850267 A CN 107850267A
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pressure vessel
motor vehicle
safety switch
isolating valve
vessel systems
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CN107850267B (zh
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L·克格尔
U·黑登雷希
R·克吕格尔
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B60K2015/03013—Control systems for LPG tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B60K2015/03019—Filling of gas tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B60K2015/03026—Gas tanks comprising a valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03256—Fuel tanks characterised by special valves, the mounting thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03309—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels
    • B60K2015/03315—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels for hydrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03328—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling
    • B60K2015/03375—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling to improve security
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
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    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

在此公开的技术涉及一种用于机动车的压力容器***。该***包括：1)至少一个用于储存燃料的压力容器(100)，其中，压力容器***具有隔断阀(120)，该隔断阀构造为用于在无电流状态下中断所述压力容器与至少一个燃料气体消耗器(210)之间的流体连接(200)；和2)至少一个安全开关(310)，其中，该安全开关(310)构造为用于中断向所述隔断阀(120)的馈电。

Description

机动车的压力容器***、机动车和用于中断流体连接的方法
在此公开的技术涉及一种具有燃料电池***和压力容器***的机动车、一种用于机动车的压力容器***以及一种用于中断流体连接的方法。带有燃料电池***的机动车本身是已知的并且也称为燃料电池电动车(Fuel Cell Electrical Vehicle(FCEV))。在这种***中使用易燃性的燃料气体，例如氢气。目前，尚不存在在商业企业/机构(亦即车间、物流、展览会等等)内关闭该燃料***的可能性。在已知的解决方案中，只有当机动车的点火关断时，才将引导燃料气体的阳极子***切断。例如，在2014年的标准提案ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2014/78“Proposal for a new Regulation on hydrogen and fuel cellvehicles(HFCV)”(关于氢燃料电池汽车的新规则的提案)中提出：隔断阀－也称为“shutoff valves”－应该在无电流状态下中断在压力容器与可能的供给管路之间的流体连接(亦即“normally closed valve”(常闭阀))。
如果例如在修理期间拆卸阳极子***，那么理论上可能存在如下危险：装配工或其他协作人员(无意间)接通了点火并因此将隔断阀打开。若未设置其他保护措施，诸如溢流阀(也称为“excess flow valve”)，那么以很高压力储存的燃料气体就会很快地逸出并造成较大损害。
再有，在事故之后也可能会出现下述情形，即在此情形下救援队想要截断通向压力罐的流体连接。
在此公开的技术所要达成的目的是，减少或消除已知解决方案的缺点。由在此公开的技术的有益效果可以得知其他所要达成的目的。这个(这些)目的通过权利要求1的主题内容得以实现。从属权利要求阐述了一些优选设计方案。
在此公开的技术涉及一种用于机动车的压力容器***。在此，该***可以是一种高压气体容器***或者一种低温的压力容器***。高压气体容器***构造为用于在环境温度下持久地在超过约350巴(barü)(表压)、进一步优选在超过约500巴(表压)以及特别优选超过约700巴(表压)的压力下储存燃料。低温的压力容器***包括一种低温压力容器。该压力容器可以使用于例如利用压缩的(“Compressed Natural Gas”＝CNG)或者液化的(LNG)天然气运行的机动车中。所述低温压力容器可以以液态的或者超越临界的聚集态(物态)储存燃料。该燃料例如可以是氢气，其在约30K至360K的温度下储存于低温压力容器中。所述低温压力容器特别是可以包括一个内部容器，该内部容器是针对达到约1200巴(表压)、优选达到约875巴(表压)、以及特别优选达到约350巴(表压)的储存压力设计的。优选地，低温压力容器包括绝对压力在10-9mbar至10-1mbar、进一步优选10-7mbar至10-3mbar范围内以及特别优选约10-5mbar的真空。
所述压力容器具有隔断阀。优选的是，所述隔断阀直接设置在压力容器的开口上或者紧邻于该开口。隔断阀构造为用于在无电流状态下中断所述压力容器与一个(优选所有的)燃料气体消耗器之间的流体连接。因此所述隔断阀是这样一种阀门，它在该隔断阀未与供电电源连接时作为默认位置居于关闭的位置。
另外，在此公开的技术还包括至少一个安全开关，其中，该安全开关构造为用于中断向隔断阀的馈电。换言之，所述安全开关是一种可以中断向隔断阀供电的开关。所述安全开关适宜是一种电气开关，该开关通常与隔断阀的电气端子连接。但该开关在此并不是例如为了启用或者为了关停机动车而***作的点火开关。所述安全开关可以是附加于点火开关另外设置的。该安全断路开关有益地不具有切断向隔断阀馈电以外的其他功能。适宜的是，该安全断路开关仅仅中断向燃料电池***的、特别优选仅仅向安全开关的馈电。也就是说，优选不中断其他的电路。为这一功能通常设置有一个点火开关。
在此，点火开关通常是这样一种开关，它可以中断和开启(freigeben)机动车的电气开关回路，在机动车行驶运行时和/或在为行驶运行预先处理准备时使用这些开关回路。例如，通过点火开关，在该点火开关的一个开关位置中为车载电子***和辅助耗电设备(如车载收音机及通风***)供给电流。可以通过机械式的或电子式的点火钥匙锁止和/或解锁所述点火开关。这样的点火开关即使在维修作业期间也可以被无意地或有意地操作。
优选所述安全开关包括一个安全机构。该安全机构可以构造为，在中断馈电之后只有经过授权才重新允许馈电。例如可以通过钥匙、数字代码或者通过其他措施来确保所述授权。在一种优选的实施形式中，安全开关包括一个锁，所述锁只有在该锁未锁止时才允许闭合到隔断阀的电路。换言之，在中断向隔断阀的馈电之后可以闭锁或锁定安全开关。然后在锁闭状态下便不再能操作安全开关。于是装配工或其他协作人员不能(无意间)操作安全开关。在修理结束之后，可以重新解除对安全开关的锁止/锁定，例如通过相应的钥匙。
优选地，所述安全开关对于维修作业和/或救援作业来说在无需拆卸其他运转件的情况下是可以接近的。在此，运转件是为了机动车运行必须强制性装配的功能部件，诸如燃料电池***的或压力容器***的部件，但不是可能存在的盖板和/或衬板饰件。在事故或修理的情况中，所述安全开关优选在无需其他工具的情况下优选是能够从外部、特别是从车体之外接近的。
另外，在此公开的技术还涉及一种机动车，其具有至少一个在此公开的压力容器***和至少一个与该压力容器***流体连接的燃料电池***，其中，在此公开的隔断阀构造为用于中断所述流体连接。
所述燃料电池***例如是为了移动应用(如机动车)而考虑的，例如作为驱动机的能量供应设备。燃料电池按照其最简单的形式是一种电化学能量转换器，该能量转换器将燃料和氧化剂转换成反应产物并随此产生电和热。燃料电池包括一个阳极和一个阴极，它们由离子选择分离器分隔开。所述阳极具有用于向阳极的燃料馈给机构。优选的燃料为：氢气、低分子醇、生物燃料或者液化天然气。所述阴极例如具有用于氧化剂的馈给机构。优选的氧化剂例如是空气、氧气和过氧化物。所述离子选择分离器例如可以构造为质子交换膜(proton exchange membrane，PEM)。优选使用一种阳离子选择的聚合物电解质膜。这样的膜所用的材料例如是：和燃料电池***包括至少一个燃料电池以及在该至少一个燃料电池运行中可使用的周边***组件(BOP组件)。通常，多个燃料电池被组合为一个燃料电池堆组或者说堆叠。
另外，在此公开的技术还涉及一种用于中断在机动车的至少一个用以储存燃料的压力容器与至少一个燃料电池***之间的流体连接的方法。该方法包括如下步骤：
-中断向在此公开的隔断阀的馈电，其中，隔断阀构造为用于在无电流状态下抑止压力容器与燃料电池***之间的流体连接；和
-对馈电或者说安全开关的中断进行锁定，以防未授权或者意外恢复馈电。
所述方法优选包括如下步骤，按照该步骤，通过一个锁来锁定馈电中断。所述方法优选包括如下步骤，按照该步骤，在开始机动车上的检修作业之前，特别是在介入燃料电池***的阳极子***之前，中断馈电和/或锁定中断或者说安全开关。该方法优选包括如下步骤，按照该步骤，在结束机动车上的检修作业、特别是结束介入燃料电池***的阳极子***之后，重新允许馈电和/或解除对中断或者说安全开关的锁定。在此，所述阳极子***优选包括所有引导燃料气体的部件。
有益的是，这样的安全开关可以设计成与高压安全开关(也称为“高压紧急/检修断电开关(Hochvolt-Service-Disconnect-Schalter)”)分开，该高压安全开关能够中断机动车中的至少一个高压电路。
机动车上的检修作业例如包括维修或者说修理、部件/零件的更换、车辆救援(必要时可能包括运输)、以及保养和检查。在此公开的技术是一种使燃料供给装置惰化(Deaktivierung，停止工作)的可行方案。这种惰化可能是必要的，以便驶入不具备燃料许用条件(例如氢气许用条件)或者禁止燃料(还有例如载重汽车上的封闭运输、停车/展览场所)的区域(如封闭的空间，例如车间)中。在此公开的技术可以构成对于损坏的或者出事故的机动车、特别是其状态不明的机动车的附加保护。
换言之，在此公开的技术涉及到引入/采用一种燃料切断开关，特别是氢气紧急断路开关(Wasserstoff-Rettungstrennschalter)。可以利用一个锁或者通过其他防护措施来锁定隔断阀、安全开关或隔断点，以防止重新接通。这也许会在保养/维修情况中以及在事故之后起作用。在个别情况中可能有益的是：能够与高电压***分开地使燃料引导***惰化(停止工作)，例如，当必须将机动车置入那些不允许例如氢气运行的区域中时，或者当例如阳极子***中存在泄漏时。
现借助图1阐述在此公开的技术。图1示出了在此公开的压力容器***。该压力容器***在此连接到燃料电池***的燃料电池堆组210上。为了简化，略去了燃料电池***的以及压力容器***的其他部件。在此，隔断阀120直接设置在压力容器100的端部110处。隔断阀120是一种可以电操控的阀门。电流经由未完全示出的电路300流向隔断阀120。只要电流流过隔断阀120的线圈，隔断阀120就打开。如果现在中断电路，例如通过操作点火钥匙(未示出)，那么隔断阀120便关闭。这在机动车运行后停置时才发生。另外，在此还设置有一个安全开关310，该安全开关在此可以附加地中断经由电路300向隔断阀120的磁铁的馈电。可以与机动车的其他状态和参数无关地操作所述安全开关310。如果安全开关310中断馈电，那么就可靠地避免：隔断阀120打开并且高压气体流出。另外，特别是在安全开关310邻近于隔断阀120设置的情况下，这样的安全开关310还可以降低其他的故障源的危险，例如短路或者来自控制***的错误输出。在这里示出的有益的构造设计中，有一个锁330一同集成于所述安全开关310中，该锁在此经由钥匙320锁止。如果安全开关310被闭锁，在此便确保：在机动车上的检修作业结束之前不会有其他协作人员通过操作安全开关310而重新闭合电路。如果作业已结束，那么负责的装配工可以将所述锁重新解锁并闭合安全开关310。然后机动车就可以正常运行。适宜的是，点火钥匙有别于组装在机动车内的钥匙320。特别优选地，钥匙320总体上异于组装在机动车内的点火钥匙。
前面对本发明的说明仅仅用于解释性目的，而非用于限制本发明之目的。在本发明的框架下，可以实现一些不同的改变和变型，而并不脱离本发明及其等同方案的范围。

Claims (29)

1.用于机动车的压力容器***，包括：
-至少一个用于储存燃料的压力容器(100)，其中，所述压力容器***具有隔断阀(120)，该隔断阀构造为用于在无电流状态下中断所述压力容器(100)与至少一个燃料气体消耗器(210)之间的流体连接(200)；和
-至少一个安全开关(310)，其中，该安全开关(310)构造为用于中断向所述隔断阀(120)的馈电。
2.如权利要求1所述的压力容器***，其特征在于，所述安全开关(310)包括安全机构(320)，该安全机构在中断馈电之后只有经过授权才重新允许馈电。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的压力容器***，其特征在于，所述安全开关(310)不是机动车点火开关。
4.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的压力容器***，其特征在于，所述安全开关(310)是附加于机动车点火开关另外设置的。
5.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的压力容器***，其特征在于，所述安全开关(310)不具有切断向燃料电池***馈电以外的其他功能。
6.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的压力容器***，其特征在于，安全开关(310)不具有切断向隔断阀(120)馈电以外的其他功能。
7.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的压力容器***，其特征在于，通过钥匙(320)进行授权。
8.如权利要求7所述的压力容器***，其特征在于，所述钥匙(320)异于机动车的点火钥匙。
9.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的压力容器***，其特征在于，通过数字代码进行授权。
10.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的压力容器***，其特征在于，在中断向隔断阀(120)的馈电之后，所述安全开关(310)是可闭锁的和/或可锁定的。
11.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的压力容器***，其特征在于，所述安全开关(310)构成对于损坏的和/或出事故的机动车的附加保护。
12.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的压力容器***，其特征在于，所述安全开关(310)包括锁(330)，所述锁只有在该锁未锁止时才允许闭合到隔断阀(120)的电路。
13.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的压力容器***，其特征在于，所述安全开关(310)在维修作业和/或救援作业期间在无需拆卸其他运转件的情况下是能够接近的。
14.机动车，具有至少一个如前述权利要求之任一项所述的压力容器***和至少一个与该压力容器***流体连接的燃料电池***，其中，隔断阀(120)构造为用于中断所述流体连接(200)。
15.如权利要求14所述的机动车，其特征在于，所述安全开关(310)不是机动车点火开关。
16.如权利要求14或15所述的机动车，其特征在于，所述安全开关(310)是附加于机动车点火开关另外设置的。
17.用于中断机动车的至少一个压力容器(100)与至少一个燃料电池***之间的流体连接的方法，包括如下步骤：
-通过安全开关(310)中断向隔断阀(120)的馈电，其中，所述隔断阀(120)构造为用于在无电流状态下抑止压力容器(100)与燃料电池***之间的流体连接(200)。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，此外还包括如下步骤：锁定馈电中断，其中优选通过锁(330)来锁定馈电中断。
19.如权利要求17或18所述的方法，其特征在于，在开始机动车上的检修作业、特别是开始介入燃料电池***的阳极子***之前，中断馈电和/或锁定中断。
20.如权利要求17至19之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在结束机动车上的检修作业、特别是结束介入燃料电池***的阳极子***之后，重新允许馈电和/或解除对中断的锁定。
21.如权利要求17至20之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在机动车到达不具备燃料许用条件的区域内之前，中断馈电。
22.如权利要求17至21之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述安全开关(310)不是机动车点火开关。
23.如权利要求17至22之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述安全开关(310)是附加于机动车点火开关另外设置的。
24.如权利要求17至23之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，通过操作所述安全开关(310)并不触发切断向燃料电池***馈电以外的其他功能。
25.如权利要求17至24之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，通过操作所述安全开关(310)并不触发切断向隔断阀(310)馈电以外的其他功能。
26.如权利要求17至25之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，通过操作所述安全开关(310)切断向燃料电池***的馈电，而不由此转换其他通过机动车点火开关可转换的电气开关回路。
27.如权利要求17至26之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，通过钥匙(320)和/或通过数字代码进行授权。
28.如权利要求17至27之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述钥匙(320)异于机动车的点火钥匙。
29.如权利要求17至28之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在中断向隔断阀(120)的馈电之后，所述安全开关(310)是可闭锁的和/或可锁定的。
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CN107850267B (zh) 2020-03-13
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