CN107836159B - Rapid pretreatment method before rice sowing - Google Patents
Rapid pretreatment method before rice sowing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107836159B CN107836159B CN201711297569.9A CN201711297569A CN107836159B CN 107836159 B CN107836159 B CN 107836159B CN 201711297569 A CN201711297569 A CN 201711297569A CN 107836159 B CN107836159 B CN 107836159B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid pretreatment method before rice sowing, which comprises the following steps: including sunning, seed selection, disinfection and vernalization, vernalization goes on in vernalization device, and the vernalization device includes: the object placing barrel comprises an object placing part, a transition part and a preheating part, wherein a plurality of groups of first hinged plates are arranged on the inner side wall of the object placing part; a first heating pipe is arranged between the preheating part and the heating barrel, a second heating pipe is arranged in the heating barrel, a partition plate is clamped at the middle upper part of the heating barrel, a motor is arranged on the partition plate, and a rotating shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with a water guide pipe and a water guide pipe; the plurality of object placing discs correspond to each group of first hinged plates one by one; the cold water barrel is sleeved at the middle lower part of the object placing barrel and is coaxially arranged with the object placing barrel, the top end of the cold water barrel is higher than that of the preheating part, a through hole communicated with the cold water barrel is formed in the side wall of the preheating part, and a switch plug is arranged on the through hole. The invention has the advantages of short time, quick effect, being beneficial to artificial control and sowing in fine weather, and having regular seedling emergence and good seedling quality after sowing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rice planting. More particularly, the invention relates to a rapid pretreatment method before rice sowing.
Background
The rice is the main grain crop in China, the sowing area of the rice in China is about 1/4 of the total area of the grain crop, and the rice yield is 1/2 of the total grain yield. Therefore, rice production plays a significant role in grain crop production. The rice has high nutritive value, and contains 77.6% of starch, 7.3% of protein (high-quality rice can reach 15%), 0.3% of crude fiber and 0.8% of ash. The population of 2/3 nationwide is rice as the staple food, and 100% of the population in Guangxi is rice as the staple food. The rice is also one of the main commercial grains in China, and according to statistics, the rice accounts for about half of the commercial grains in China. The rice bran, a byproduct of rice processing, contains about 14% of protein, about 15% of fat, about 2% of phosphide and a considerable amount of vitamins, is a concentrated feed for livestock and poultry, and is closely related to the supply of meat, eggs and milk of people in urban and rural areas. Therefore, the development of rice production, the increase of the rice yield, the improvement of people's life, the promotion of national economy development and the acceleration of four modernized constructions are all of great significance.
However, in China, pretreatment is required before rice planting and sowing, the pretreatment comprises the processes of airing, seed selection, disinfection and pregermination, and due to the limitation of environmental conditions and the limitation of airing, seed selection, disinfection and pregermination methods, the pretreatment process has certain randomness, so that the pretreatment is not beneficial to artificial control and sowing in sunny weather, seedlings are in order after sowing, and the quality of the seedlings is good.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide a rapid pretreatment method before rice sowing, which has short time, quick effect, is beneficial to artificial control and sowing in sunny weather, and has regular seedling emergence and good seedling quality after sowing.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for rapid pre-treatment of rice before sowing, comprising air-curing, seed selection, sterilization, and pregermination, characterized in that: the pregermination is carried out in a pregermination device comprising:
the top of the object placing barrel is opened and arranged, the object placing barrel comprises a cylindrical object placing part, an inverted round table-shaped transition part and a cylindrical preheating part which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, a plurality of groups of first hinged plates are arranged on the inner side wall of the object placing part at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, each group of first hinged plates comprises four first hinged plates which are positioned on the same horizontal plane and arranged in a crossed manner, and each first hinged plate can rotate upwards for 90 degrees by taking the horizontal plane as a starting point;
the heating barrel is cylindrical and is coaxially arranged in the preheating part, the middle lower part of the heating barrel is communicated with the preheating part, a first heating pipe is arranged between the preheating part and the heating barrel, a second heating pipe is arranged in the heating barrel, a partition plate is horizontally clamped at the middle upper part of the heating barrel, a motor is arranged in the heating barrel on the partition plate, a rotating shaft of the motor is vertically and upwardly fixedly connected with a water guide pipe, the top end of the water guide pipe is detachably communicated with a spray head, a guide pipe is coaxially sleeved outside the water guide pipe, and the bottom end of the guide pipe penetrates through the top end of the heating barrel in a sealing manner and is fixedly arranged at the top end of the motor;
the plurality of object placing discs correspond to each group of first hinged plates one by one, the centers of the object placing discs are provided with round holes for the guide pipes to pass through and are erected on the first hinged plates, the bottom surfaces of the object placing discs are of a net structure, and the hole diameter is 0.5-0.6 mm;
the cold water barrel is sleeved at the middle lower part of the object placing barrel and is coaxially arranged with the object placing barrel, the top end of the cold water barrel is higher than that of the preheating part, a through hole communicated with the cold water barrel is formed in the side wall of the preheating part, and a switch plug is arranged on the through hole;
the guide pipe and the space enclosed by the water guide pipe are provided with an upper sealing piece and a lower sealing piece at intervals up and down, the upper sealing piece and the lower sealing piece are positioned between the heating barrel and the lowest group of first hinged plates and are in mirror symmetry, so that a sealing cavity is enclosed between the guide pipe and the water guide pipe, the inner side wall of the sealing cavity is provided with a notch communicated with the water guide pipe, the outer side wall of the sealing cavity is communicated with the heating barrel through a first guide pipe, a first pump body is arranged on the first guide pipe to guide the water in the heating pipe into the spray head, the outer side wall of the sealing cavity is communicated with the cold water barrel through a second guide pipe, and a second pump body is arranged on the second guide pipe to guide the water in the cold water barrel into the spray head.
Preferably, a group of second hinged plates are arranged on the outer side wall of the guide pipe and below each storage tray, each group of second hinged plates comprises four second hinged plates which are arranged on the same horizontal plane in a crossed mode, and each second hinged plate can rotate upwards by 90 degrees with the horizontal plane as a starting point.
Preferably, the method for quickly pretreating rice before sowing is characterized by further comprising a filter screen, wherein the filter screen is circumferentially arranged in the storage part and located between the lowest group of first hinged plates and the upper sealing assembly, and the aperture of the filter screen is 0.2-0.3 mm.
Preferably, the upper seal assembly is located below the filter screen, and the lower seal assembly includes:
the base is a cylindrical barrel with the outer side wall with the diameter being small at the top and large at the bottom, wherein the outer side wall at the lower part is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the guide pipe in a sealing way, the base is sunken inwards to form a groove with an opening at the bottom surface, and the groove comprises a cylindrical part and an inverted circular truncated cone part which are communicated from top to bottom;
spring gland, its lid is established the base top surface, just spring gland's lower extreme inboard with the top outside threaded connection of base, the vertical spring of connecting downwards in spring gland top, spring below butt one with the rubber buffer that cylinder portion agrees with, the lower extreme of rubber buffer fill one with the sealing plug that the round platform portion agrees with, the spring is in compression state.
Preferably, the airing specifically comprises: airing the seeds until the water content is 11-13% to obtain the aired seeds;
the seed selection specifically comprises the following steps: adding yellow mud water with the mass fraction of 23% in an amount which is 10-15 times the weight of the sun-dried seeds, taking the lower-layer precipitated seeds, and draining to obtain selected seeds;
the disinfection method specifically comprises the following steps: adding 10-12 times of clear water and 0.4 times of strong chlorine powder into the selected seeds, stirring to completely dissolve, soaking for 5-6h, taking out clear water, washing for 2-3 times, draining to obtain soaked seeds, adding 5-6 times of clear water into the soaked seeds, and stirring at 1r/min for 23-24h to obtain sterilized seeds.
Preferably, the pregermination is specifically as follows: laying the sterilized seeds on the object placing discs in sequence, wherein the laying thickness is 0.5-1.5cm, opening a switch plug, injecting clear water into a cold water barrel, closing the switch plug, opening a first heating pipe and a second heating pipe for heating simultaneously, controlling the temperature to be 48-52 ℃, starting a motor to drive a spray head to rotate, opening a first pump body to spray water in the heating barrel through the spray head, spraying for 10-15min, controlling the temperature of the sprayed water to be 32-35 ℃, closing the first heating pipe when 75% of seeds are exposed to white tips, controlling the spraying temperature to be 28-30 ℃, spraying to 80% of seed buds to be 3-5mm long, closing the second heating pipe to reduce the temperature of the water in the heating barrel to 25 ℃, closing the first pump body, opening a second pump body, guiding the water in the cold water barrel into the object placing cylinder, and enabling the object placing discs at the uppermost end to be submerged, and closing the second pump body, standing for 4-5h, opening the switch plug, discharging water in the storage barrel, standing for 3-4h, and taking out the seeds on the storage plate, namely the seeds to be sowed.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the air-dried seeds can effectively reduce the water content in the seeds, enhance the permeability of seed coats, facilitate the discharge of carbon dioxide in the seeds, absorb oxygen, improve the enzyme activity in the seeds and accelerate the decomposition of nutrients; picking and removing blighted rice, sterilizing to effectively eliminate various pathogenic bacteria on the rice, reasonably soaking after sterilizing to ensure that the seeds absorb enough moisture and ensure that the buds are in a uniform bud shape;
secondly, in the process of germination acceleration, the temperature of the seeds is firstly improved by spraying warm water at 48-52 ℃, so that the activity of enzyme in the seeds is enhanced, the starch, protein and fat stored in endosperm are catalyzed to be converted into soluble substances, the soluble substances are transported to embryo parts from the endosperm, the embryo cells can breathe and the growth of radicles and buds needs, after more than ten hours, the bacon can burst the chaff out, the production is called white exposure or chest rupture, in the whole process, when the seeds do not germinate, the seeds mostly carry out anaerobic respiration to generate carbon dioxide, alcohol and acid substances dissolved in water, which are unfavorable for the germination of the seeds, so that the oxygen supply is ensured by a spraying mode, the germinated seeds are not limited by the chaff and seed coats, the oxygen can smoothly enter the seeds, and the respiration is converted into aerobic respiration along with the increase of the oxygen to generate a large amount of heat, the temperature of the grain heap is easy to rise, the air permeability of the seeds needs to be well adjusted, and in the later bud growth process, the cell elongation is mainly used, the formation of new protein is not needed, the required energy is relatively less, the bud growth can be effectively promoted by soaking and an oxygen-free environment, the bud is better adapted to the outside air temperature by standing at the final room temperature, and the unfavorable growth caused by the fact that hot buds are immediately sowed in a cold seedling bed and the temperature suddenly changes is avoided;
thirdly, the germination accelerating device is simple in structure, can adapt to the whole process of accelerating germination, shortens the germination accelerating time, facilitates artificial control to sow in sunny weather, and ensures that seedlings emerge neatly and have good quality.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the germination apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the upper seal assembly and the lower seal assembly of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
As shown in FIGS. 1-2, the same batch of rice seeds was divided into four equal parts, each of which was 10Kg, and the following experiments of example 1, example 2, comparative example 1, and comparative example 2 were performed, respectively;
< example 1>
A quick pretreatment method before rice sowing comprises airing, seed selection, disinfection and pregermination, and is characterized in that: the pregermination is carried out in a pregermination device comprising:
the object placing barrel 1 is arranged with the top opened and comprises a cylindrical object placing part 10, an inverted circular truncated cone-shaped transition part 11 and a cylindrical preheating part 12 which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, a plurality of groups of first hinged plates 14 are arranged on the inner side wall of the object placing part 10 along the circumferential direction at equal intervals, each group of first hinged plates 14 comprises four opposite connecting lines on the same horizontal plane in a crossed manner and is used for bearing and supporting an object placing plate 3, and each first hinged plate 14 can rotate upwards for 90 degrees by taking the horizontal plane as a starting point, namely when the first hinged plates 14 are horizontally arranged, the first hinged plates 14 can rotate upwards along hinged points and cannot rotate downwards along the hinged points;
the heating barrel 2 is cylindrical and coaxially arranged in the preheating part 12, the middle lower part of the heating barrel 2 is communicated with the preheating part 12, namely, the side wall of the heating barrel 2 is provided with a hole body for communicating, so as to guide the water body of the preheating part 12 into the heating part, a first heating pipe 13 is arranged between the preheating part 12 and the heating barrel 2, a second heating pipe 20 is arranged in the heating barrel 2, the middle upper part of the heating barrel 2 is horizontally clamped with a partition plate 21, the partition plate 21 is hermetically arranged with the inner side wall of the heating barrel 2, a motor 22 is arranged in the heating barrel 2 on the partition plate 21, a rotating shaft of the motor 22 is vertically and upwardly fixedly connected with a water guide pipe 23, the water guide pipe 23 is fixedly arranged at one end fixedly connected with the rotating shaft in a solid manner, the top end of the water guide pipe 23 is detachably communicated with a spray head 24, the spray head 24 is specifically a strip-shaped pipe body, and the lower end of the spray head is provided with a plurality of water spray holes at intervals, a guide pipe 25 is coaxially sleeved outside the water guide pipe 23, and the bottom end of the guide pipe 25 penetrates through the top end of the heating barrel 2 in a sealing manner and is fixedly arranged at the top end of the motor 22;
the storage trays 3 correspond to each group of first hinged plates 14 one by one, the centers of the storage trays 3 are provided with round holes for the guide pipes 25 to pass through, the storage trays 3 pass through the wire guide pipes and are erected on the group of first hinged plates 14, the bottom surfaces of the storage trays 3 are of a net structure, and the hole diameter is 0.5 mm;
the cold water barrel 4 is sleeved at the middle lower part of the object placing barrel 1 and is coaxially arranged with the object placing barrel 1, the top end of the cold water barrel 4 is higher than the top end of the preheating part 12, a through hole 40 communicated with the cold water barrel 4 is formed in the side wall of the preheating part 12, and a switch plug 41 is arranged on the through hole 40;
wherein, an upper sealing piece 5 and a lower sealing piece 7 are arranged in a space enclosed by the guide pipe 25 and the water guide pipe 23 at intervals up and down, the upper sealing member 5 and the lower sealing member 7 are positioned between the heating barrel 2 and the lowest group of first hinge plates 14, are in mirror symmetry, so as to form a sealed cavity 8 between the guide pipe 25 and the water guide pipe 23, the inner side wall of the sealed cavity 8 is provided with a notch 50 communicated with the water guide pipe 23, the outer side wall of the sealed cavity 8 is communicated with the heating barrel 2 through a first guide pipe 51, a first pump body 52 is arranged on the first guide pipe 51, so as to lead the water in the heating pipe into the spray head 24, the outer side wall of the sealed cavity 8 is communicated with the cold water barrel 4 through a second guide pipe 53, the second guide pipe 53 is provided with a second pump body 54 so as to guide the water in the cold water barrel 4 into the spray head 24;
a group of second hinged plates 26 are arranged on the outer side wall of the guide pipe 25 below each storage tray 3, each group of second hinged plates 26 comprises four second hinged plates which are arranged on the same horizontal plane in a crossed manner, and each second hinged plate 26 can rotate upwards by 90 degrees by taking the horizontal plane as a starting point;
the filter screen 6 is circumferentially covered in the article placing part 10 and is positioned between the lowest group of first hinged plates 14 and the upper sealing assembly, and the aperture of the filter screen 6 is 0.2 mm;
the upper sealing assembly is located below the filter screen 6, the lower sealing assembly includes:
the base 70 is a cylindrical barrel with a small upper part and a large lower part in the outer side wall aperture, wherein the outer side wall of the lower part is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the guide pipe 25 in a sealing manner, the base 70 is sunken inwards to form a groove 71 with an opening on the bottom surface, and the groove 71 comprises a cylindrical part 72 and an inverted circular table part 73 which are communicated from top to bottom;
The airing process comprises the following steps: airing the seeds until the water content is 11.5% to obtain the aired seeds;
the seed selection specifically comprises the following steps: adding 23% yellow mud water in an amount which is 12 times the weight of the sun-dried seeds, precipitating for 0.3h, taking the lower layer of precipitated seeds, draining to obtain selected seeds, wherein the preparation method of the 23% yellow mud water comprises the following steps: grinding dried loess into powder, adding water, concocting into paste, adding the rest water, and stirring;
the disinfection method specifically comprises the following steps: adding 11 times of clear water and 0.4 times of strong chlorine powder by mass into the selected seeds, stirring to completely dissolve the seeds, soaking for 5.5h, taking out the clear water, washing for 3 times, draining to obtain soaked seeds, adding 6 times of clear water by mass into the soaked seeds, and stirring at the speed of 1r/min for 24h to obtain sterilized seeds;
the germination accelerating method specifically comprises the following steps: laying the sterilized seeds on the object placing tray 3 in sequence, controlling the laying thickness to be 0.5-1.5cm, opening the switch plug 41, injecting clear water into the cold water barrel 4, closing the switch plug 41, opening the first heating pipe 13 and the second heating pipe 20 to heat simultaneously, controlling the temperature to be 50 ℃, opening the motor 22 to drive the spray head 24 to rotate, opening the first pump body 52 to spray water in the heating barrel 2 through the spray head 24, controlling the temperature of the sprayed water to be 34 ℃ after spraying for 12min, closing the first heating pipe 13 when 75% of the seeds are exposed to white tips, controlling the spraying temperature to be 30 ℃, spraying to be between 3 and 5mm of 80% of seed buds, closing the second heating pipe 20 to reduce the temperature of the water in the heating barrel 2 to be 25 ℃, closing the first pump body 52, opening the second pump body 54, guiding the water in the cold water barrel 4 into the object placing tray 3 submerging the object placing barrel 1 and enabling the object placing tray to be positioned at the uppermost end, and closing the second pump body 54, standing for 4 hours, opening the switch plug 41, discharging water in the storage barrel 1, standing for 4 hours, and taking out the seeds on the storage disc 3, namely the seeds to be sowed.
< example 2>
A quick pretreatment method before rice sowing comprises airing, seed selection, disinfection and pregermination, and is characterized in that: the pregermination is carried out in a pregermination device comprising:
the object placing barrel 1 is arranged with the top opened and comprises a cylindrical object placing part 10, an inverted circular truncated cone-shaped transition part 11 and a cylindrical preheating part 12 which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, a plurality of groups of first hinged plates 14 are arranged on the inner side wall of the object placing part 10 along the circumferential direction at equal intervals, each group of first hinged plates 14 comprises four opposite connecting lines on the same horizontal plane in a crossed manner and is used for bearing and supporting an object placing plate 3, and each first hinged plate 14 can rotate upwards for 90 degrees by taking the horizontal plane as a starting point, namely when the first hinged plates 14 are horizontally arranged, the first hinged plates 14 can rotate upwards along hinged points and cannot rotate downwards along the hinged points;
the heating barrel 2 is cylindrical and coaxially arranged in the preheating part 12, the middle lower part of the heating barrel 2 is communicated with the preheating part 12, namely, the side wall of the heating barrel 2 is provided with a hole body for communicating, so as to guide the water body of the preheating part 12 into the heating part, a first heating pipe 13 is arranged between the preheating part 12 and the heating barrel 2, a second heating pipe 20 is arranged in the heating barrel 2, the middle upper part of the heating barrel 2 is horizontally clamped with a partition plate 21, the partition plate 21 is hermetically arranged with the inner side wall of the heating barrel 2, a motor 22 is arranged in the heating barrel 2 on the partition plate 21, a rotating shaft of the motor 22 is vertically and upwardly fixedly connected with a water guide pipe 23, the water guide pipe 23 is fixedly arranged at one end fixedly connected with the rotating shaft in a solid manner, the top end of the water guide pipe 23 is detachably communicated with a spray head 24, the spray head 24 is specifically a strip-shaped pipe body, and the lower end of the spray head is provided with a plurality of water spray holes at intervals, a guide pipe 25 is coaxially sleeved outside the water guide pipe 23, and the bottom end of the guide pipe 25 penetrates through the top end of the heating barrel 2 in a sealing manner and is fixedly arranged at the top end of the motor 22;
the storage trays 3 correspond to each group of first hinged plates 14 one by one, the centers of the storage trays 3 are provided with round holes for the guide pipes 25 to pass through, the storage trays 3 pass through the wire guide pipes and are erected on the group of first hinged plates 14, the bottom surfaces of the storage trays 3 are of a net structure, and the hole diameter is 0.6 mm;
the cold water barrel 4 is sleeved at the middle lower part of the object placing barrel 1 and is coaxially arranged with the object placing barrel 1, the top end of the cold water barrel 4 is higher than the top end of the preheating part 12, a through hole 40 communicated with the cold water barrel 4 is formed in the side wall of the preheating part 12, and a switch plug 41 is arranged on the through hole 40;
wherein, an upper sealing piece 5 and a lower sealing piece 7 are arranged in a space enclosed by the guide pipe 25 and the water guide pipe 23 at intervals up and down, the upper sealing member 5 and the lower sealing member 7 are positioned between the heating barrel 2 and the lowest group of first hinge plates 14, are in mirror symmetry, so as to form a sealed cavity 8 between the guide pipe 25 and the water guide pipe 23, the inner side wall of the sealed cavity 8 is provided with a notch 50 communicated with the water guide pipe 23, the outer side wall of the sealed cavity 8 is communicated with the heating barrel 2 through a first guide pipe 51, a first pump body 52 is arranged on the first guide pipe 51, so as to lead the water in the heating pipe into the spray head 24, the outer side wall of the sealed cavity 8 is communicated with the cold water barrel 4 through a second guide pipe 53, the second guide pipe 53 is provided with a second pump body 54 so as to guide the water in the cold water barrel 4 into the spray head 24;
a group of second hinged plates 26 are arranged on the outer side wall of the guide pipe 25 below each storage tray 3, each group of second hinged plates 26 comprises four second hinged plates which are arranged on the same horizontal plane in a crossed manner, and each second hinged plate 26 can rotate upwards by 90 degrees by taking the horizontal plane as a starting point;
the filter screen 6 is circumferentially covered in the article placing part 10 and is positioned between the lowest group of first hinged plates 14 and the upper sealing assembly, and the aperture of the filter screen 6 is 0.3 mm;
the upper sealing assembly is located below the filter screen 6, the lower sealing assembly includes:
the base 70 is a cylindrical barrel with a small upper part and a large lower part in the outer side wall aperture, wherein the outer side wall of the lower part is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the guide pipe 25 in a sealing manner, the base 70 is sunken inwards to form a groove 71 with an opening on the bottom surface, and the groove 71 comprises a cylindrical part 72 and an inverted circular table part 73 which are communicated from top to bottom;
The airing process comprises the following steps: airing the seeds until the water content is 12.3% to obtain the aired seeds;
the seed selection specifically comprises the following steps: adding yellow mud water with the mass fraction of 23% into the sun-dried seeds in an amount which is 15 times the mass of the sun-dried seeds, precipitating for 0.3h, taking the lower layer of precipitated seeds, draining to obtain selected seeds, wherein the preparation method of the yellow mud water with the mass fraction of 23% comprises the following steps: grinding dried loess into powder, adding water, concocting into paste, adding the rest water, and stirring;
the disinfection method specifically comprises the following steps: adding 12 times of clear water and 0.4 times of strong chlorine powder into the selected seeds, stirring to completely dissolve the seeds, soaking for 5 hours, taking out the clear water, washing for 2 times, draining to obtain soaked seeds, adding 5 times of clear water into the soaked seeds, and stirring at the speed of 1r/min for 23 hours to obtain sterilized seeds;
the germination accelerating method specifically comprises the following steps: laying the sterilized seeds on the object placing tray 3 in sequence, controlling the laying thickness to be 0.5-1.5cm, opening a switch plug 41, injecting clear water into the cold water barrel 4, closing the switch plug 41, opening a first heating pipe 13 and a second heating pipe 20 to heat simultaneously, controlling 52 ℃, starting a motor 22 to drive a spray head 24 to rotate, opening a first pump body 52 to spray water in the heating barrel 2 through the spray head 24, controlling the temperature of the sprayed water to be 32 ℃ after spraying for 10min, closing the first heating pipe 13 when 75% of the seeds are sprayed to be exposed to white tips, controlling the spraying temperature to be 28 ℃, spraying to 80% of the seeds with the length of 3-5mm, closing the second heating pipe 20 to reduce the temperature of the water in the heating barrel 2 to 25 ℃, closing the first pump body 52, opening a second pump body 54, guiding the water in the cold water barrel 4 into the object placing tray 3 submerging the object placing barrel 1 and enabling the object placing tray to be located at the uppermost end, and closing the second pump body 54, standing for 5 hours, opening the switch plug 41, discharging water in the storage barrel 1, standing for 3 hours, and taking out the seeds on the storage disc 3, namely the seeds to be sowed.
< comparative example 1>
On the basis of the embodiment 1, a germination accelerating device is not used, and the airing, seed selection and disinfection processes are the same, wherein the water content of the aired seeds is 11.3 percent, and the germination accelerating is specifically as follows: the seed sowing machine is provided with a sieve barrel for bearing seeds, a plurality of water outlet holes are formed in the sieve barrel at intervals in the circumferential direction, the water outlet holes are formed in a mode that water flows out but the seeds do not flow out, the water barrel for bearing the sieve barrel is used for stacking sterilized seeds in the sieve barrel, the sieve barrel is arranged in the water barrel, water with the temperature of 50 ℃ is added into the water barrel, the temperature in the water barrel is kept by replacing water, after the water is soaked for 12min, the water with the temperature of 34 ℃ is introduced, when 75% of the seeds are soaked until white tips are exposed out, the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃ and the water is replaced to keep the temperature in the water barrel to be soaked to 80% of seed bud lengths of 3-5mm, the seeds are turned once every 1h in the soaking process, the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃ of the room temperature, after the seed soaking is carried out for 4.
< comparative example 2>
On the basis of embodiment 1, use current germinator, the germinator includes barrel, heating device, and spray set, and it can spray the water of predetermined temperature, and sunning, seed selection and disinfection process are the same, and wherein, the water content of sunning seed is 11.8%, and the germination accelerating specifically is: loading sterilized seeds into a cylinder, controlling the temperature of water to be 50 ℃, spraying for 12min, spraying the water with the temperature of 34 ℃ until 75% of the seeds are exposed to the white tips, controlling the temperature of the water to be 30 ℃, spraying until 80% of the seeds have the bud length of 3-5mm, cooling to the room temperature of 25 ℃, standing for 4h, discharging the water in the cylinder, and taking out the seeds to be sown after standing for 4 h.
The identification method for 75% of seeds with white tips exposed in the examples 1, 2, 1 and 2 is as follows: respectively and randomly breeding 10 groups of seeds in a circle, ensuring that 10 seeds completely fall into each group, counting the number of seeds with exposed white tips in each group, calculating the total number, continuing spraying if the total number is less than 75%, and stopping spraying if the total number is 75%;
the identification method for 80% of the seed buds 3-5mm in example 1, example 2, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 is as follows: respectively randomly colony-cultivating 10 groups of seeds, wherein the shape of the colony-cultivating is round, the seeds in each group are ensured to fall into 10 seeds completely, the number of the seed bud length in each group falling into the range of 3-5mm is counted, the total number is calculated, if the total number is less than 80 percent, the spraying is continued, and if the total number is 80 percent, the spraying is stopped;
results of the experiment
1. Difficulty and easiness in experimental operation comparison: in the whole germination accelerating operation process, only a manual control switch is needed in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, the whole primary germination accelerating process needs no more than 0.8h of labor, while the whole operation process of the comparative example 1 needs manual participation, is not simple labor, is heavy labor, wastes time and labor, the comparative example 2 is relatively simple compared with the comparative example 1, but temperature control and the like still need more manual operations, and the whole primary germination accelerating process needs more than 3h of labor;
2. the time required for 75% of the seeds of examples 1, 2, 1 and 2 to expose the white tips and the time required for 80% of the sprouts to grow to 3 to 5mm (the time between detection of 75% of the seeds to expose the white tips and detection of 80% of the sprouts to grow to 3 to 5 mm) are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
3. The uniformity of the seeds to be sown obtained in the examples 1 and 2 is good, the thickness of the buds and the stalks is thicker than that of the seeds obtained in the comparative examples 1 and 2, and compared with the comparative example 1, the bud damage phenomenon caused by turning does not occur, and compared with the comparative example 2, the bud burning phenomenon does not occur.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A quick pretreatment method before rice sowing comprises airing, seed selection, disinfection and pregermination, and is characterized in that: the pregermination is carried out in a pregermination device comprising:
the top of the object placing barrel is opened and arranged, the object placing barrel comprises a cylindrical object placing part, an inverted round table-shaped transition part and a cylindrical preheating part which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, a plurality of groups of first hinged plates are arranged on the inner side wall of the object placing part at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, each group of first hinged plates comprises four first hinged plates which are positioned on the same horizontal plane and arranged in a crossed manner, and each first hinged plate can rotate upwards for 90 degrees by taking the horizontal plane as a starting point;
the heating barrel is cylindrical and is coaxially arranged in the preheating part, the middle lower part of the heating barrel is communicated with the preheating part, a first heating pipe is arranged between the preheating part and the heating barrel, a second heating pipe is arranged in the heating barrel, a partition plate is horizontally clamped at the middle upper part of the heating barrel, a motor is arranged in the heating barrel on the partition plate, a rotating shaft of the motor is vertically and upwardly fixedly connected with a water guide pipe, the top end of the water guide pipe is detachably communicated with a spray head, a guide pipe is coaxially sleeved outside the water guide pipe, and the bottom end of the guide pipe penetrates through the top end of the heating barrel in a sealing manner and is fixedly arranged at the top end of the motor;
the plurality of object placing discs correspond to each group of first hinged plates one by one, the centers of the object placing discs are provided with round holes for the guide pipes to pass through and are erected on the first hinged plates, the bottom surfaces of the object placing discs are of a net structure, and the hole diameter is 0.5-0.6 mm;
the cold water barrel is sleeved at the middle lower part of the object placing barrel and is coaxially arranged with the object placing barrel, the top end of the cold water barrel is higher than that of the preheating part, the side wall of the preheating part is provided with a through hole communicated with the cold water barrel, and a switch plug is arranged on the through hole;
the upper sealing piece and the lower sealing piece are positioned between the heating barrel and the lowest group of first hinged plates and are in mirror symmetry so as to form a sealed cavity between the guide pipe and the water guide pipe, the inner side wall of the sealed cavity is provided with a notch communicated with the water guide pipe, the outer side wall of the sealed cavity is communicated with the heating barrel through a first guide pipe, a first pump body is arranged on the first guide pipe so as to guide water in the heating barrel into the spray head, the outer side wall of the sealed cavity is communicated with the cold water barrel through a second guide pipe, and a second pump body is arranged on the second guide pipe so as to guide water in the cold water barrel into the spray head;
the germination accelerating method specifically comprises the following steps: laying sterilized seeds on the object placing discs in sequence, laying the sterilized seeds with the thickness of 0.5-1.5cm, opening a switch plug, injecting clear water into the cold water barrel, closing the switch plug, opening a first heating pipe and a second heating pipe for heating simultaneously, controlling the temperature to be 48-52 ℃, starting a motor to drive a spray head to rotate, opening a first pump body to spray water in the heating barrel through the spray head, spraying for 10-15min, controlling the temperature of the sprayed water to be 32-35 ℃, closing the first heating pipe when 75% of seeds are exposed to white tips, controlling the spraying temperature to be 28-30 ℃, spraying to 80% of seed buds to be 3-5mm long, closing the second heating pipe to reduce the temperature of the water in the heating barrel to 25 ℃, closing the first pump body, opening a second pump body, guiding the water in the cold water barrel into the object placing cylinders, submerging the object placing discs at the uppermost ends, and closing the second pump body, standing for 4-5h, opening a switch plug, discharging water in the storage barrel, standing for 3-4h, and taking out seeds on the storage tray, namely seeds to be sowed;
the filter screen is circumferentially covered in the object placing part and positioned between the lowest group of first hinged plates and the upper sealing element, and the aperture of the filter screen is 0.2-0.3 mm;
the upper seal is located below the filter screen, the lower seal includes:
the base is a cylindrical barrel with the outer side wall with the diameter being small at the top and large at the bottom, wherein the outer side wall at the lower part is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the guide pipe in a sealing way, the base is sunken inwards to form a groove with an opening at the bottom surface, and the groove comprises a cylindrical part and an inverted circular truncated cone part which are communicated from top to bottom;
spring gland, its lid is established the base top surface, just spring gland's lower extreme inboard with the top outside threaded connection of base, the vertical spring of connecting downwards in spring gland top, spring below butt one with the rubber buffer that cylinder portion agrees with, the lower extreme of rubber buffer fill one with the sealing plug that the round platform portion agrees with, the spring is in compression state.
2. The method for rapid pretreatment before sowing rice seeds of claim 1, wherein a group of second hinged plates is arranged on the outer side wall of the guide pipe below each storage tray, each group of second hinged plates comprises four second hinged plates which are arranged in a crisscross manner on the same horizontal plane, and each second hinged plate can rotate upwards by 90 degrees by taking the horizontal plane as a starting point.
3. The method for rapid pretreatment before sowing rice seeds according to claim 1, wherein the airing specifically comprises: airing the seeds until the water content is 11-13% to obtain the aired seeds;
the seed selection specifically comprises the following steps: adding yellow mud water with the mass fraction of 23% in an amount which is 10-15 times the weight of the sun-dried seeds, taking the lower-layer precipitated seeds, and draining to obtain selected seeds;
the disinfection method specifically comprises the following steps: adding 10-12 times of clear water and 0.4 times of strong chlorine powder into the selected seeds, stirring to completely dissolve the seeds, soaking for 5-6h, taking out the clear water, washing for 2-3 times, draining to obtain soaked seeds, adding 5-6 times of clear water into the soaked seeds, and stirring at the speed of 1r/min for 23-24h to obtain the sterilized seeds.
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| CN108668562A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-10-19 | 徐伟 | A kind of agricultural planting seed cultivation device |
| CN108668564A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-10-19 | 贵州贵米农业科技有限公司 | A kind of rice seed rice seed soaking chlorination equipment |
| CN109479435B (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2021-04-02 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | New-type rice cultivation is with excellent kind screening process device |
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| CN102715006A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-10-10 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | Rice dry land pit type seedling culture method |
| CN106386455A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 无锡苏芽食品有限公司 | High-efficiency bean sprout accelerating device |
| WO2017117604A1 (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-06 | Redding Bruce K Jr | Ultrasonically enhanced seed germination system and method for treating seed after planting in soil |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102715006A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-10-10 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | Rice dry land pit type seedling culture method |
| WO2017117604A1 (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-06 | Redding Bruce K Jr | Ultrasonically enhanced seed germination system and method for treating seed after planting in soil |
| CN106386455A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 无锡苏芽食品有限公司 | High-efficiency bean sprout accelerating device |
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