CN107825810B - A kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer and its preparation and application - Google Patents

A kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer and its preparation and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107825810B
CN107825810B CN201710785805.5A CN201710785805A CN107825810B CN 107825810 B CN107825810 B CN 107825810B CN 201710785805 A CN201710785805 A CN 201710785805A CN 107825810 B CN107825810 B CN 107825810B
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lightning protection
superficial layer
fiber
lightweight
conductive
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CN107825810A (en
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益小苏
赵中杰
仝建峰
余金光
王晋
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Avic Composites (beijing) Technology Co Ltd
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Avic Composites (beijing) Technology Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
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    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
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    • C08K7/14—Glass
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
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    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L61/34—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers covered by at least two of the groups C08L61/04, C08L61/18 and C08L61/20
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2309/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
    • C08J2309/02—Copolymers with acrylonitrile
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2361/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
    • C08J2361/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2361/34—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers covered by at least two of the groups C08J2361/04, C08J2361/18, and C08J2361/20
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
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    • C08J2371/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2371/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
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    • C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
    • C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C08K2003/0812—Aluminium
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives

Abstract

The invention belongs to technical field of composite material manufacturing, it is related to a kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer and its preparation and application.The lightning Protection superficial layer includes continuous conduction network, matrix, energy-absorbing component and conductive filler, and lightning Protection surface layer thickness is at 10~500 μm, and mass area ratio is in 20~500g/m2Between, the fibre diameter of conductive network is constituted between 1~20 μm；Energy-absorbing component partial size is between 0.1~300 μm, and shared mass ratio is 5~50% in resin matrix；For the partial size of conductive filler between 10nm~100 μm, content is the 0~40% of substrate quality content.This material has good flexibility and material, process compatibility, can realize co-curing in different composite cure process, and the surfacecti proteon suitable for complicated product is handled.Meanwhile superficial layer of the present invention and composite body hot expansibility are close, avoid aging and spallation problems of the metal protection material during outdoor application, have broad prospects.

Description

A kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer and its preparation and application
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of composite material manufacturing, it is related to a kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer and its preparation and makes Use method.
Background technique
Fiber-reinforced resin matrix compound material relies on the characteristic of its high-strength light, at present in aerospace, high-speed track The sophisticated technologies such as traffic field is widely applied.In aviation field, the dosage of composite material is Aircraft structural design elder generation The mark of process degree.As a kind of light material, composite material is in current state-of-the-art A350 and B787 passenger plane structure gross weight Accounting more than 50%.
Other than excellent specific strength, specific stiffness, polymer matrix composites also have excellent anticorrosion and fatigue resistance Can, it is suitable for the Service Environment of different regions multiplicity.Compared with traditional structural metallic materials, the maximum deficiency of composite material It is in poor in its Electro Magnetic Compatibility.It is limited to the insulative nature of resin matrix in composite material, commonly uses matrix such as asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin The resistivity of rouge is up to 1012~1014The order of magnitude.However, count according to FAA, airline carriers of passengers every 1000 pilot time that is averaged will meet with Primary lightning stroke is met, therefore the limited Electromagnetic Compatibility of composite material significantly limits the application of composite material.
Specifically, although carbon fiber in composite material has high conductivity, between carbon fiber bundle and carbon fiber layer Between the resin matrix that is largely enriched with make composite material monolithic conductive performance poor, and there are serious anisotropy.Such as Fig. 1 institute Show, most of composite laminated plate surface only part is conductive, in the close insulation of thickness direction.When lightning stroke occurs, high potential Lightning stroke guide in cloud layer punctures air first, and lightning current is made to be attached to composite product surface.In number microsecond, lightning current is attached Plasma jet will be formed at point, and then generate a large amount of Joule heat.Localized hyperthermia's high fever will be inevitably in material table Face generates the different ablation of degree.It is handled by lightning Protection appropriate, such as increases metal material protection in composite material surface Layer, can make thunder-strike current dissipate rapidly in composite material surface, and be inhaled by the solid-liquid phase change of metal material at high operating temperatures Joule heat is received, so that its surface damage is limited in acceptable degree；If not carrying out any protective treatment to material, not only Composite material surface electric conductivity is not enough to fast dissipation lightning current, and lightning attachment zones domain lacks crucial energy-absorbing mechanism, causes Highdensity electric current and joule's heat energy are spread to thickness of composite material direction, ultimately cause the delamination damage deeply answered inside material (Fig. 1).
Although the outfield application for acting on the composite materials such as aerospace, rail traffic, wind-power electricity generation of metal protection layer Occasion is indispensable, but the widespread adoption of this technology is faced with a series of problems.The above problem includes but is not limited to: substantially increasing Superficial layer aging stripping problem caused by the intrinsic difference of the process costs, metal protection layer and the basis material coefficient of expansion that add, The whole substantially weight gain etc. of structure.Wherein, the negative effect of weight gain bring is particularly acute in aviation field, in a frame single channel passenger plane Lightning Protection be up to 1 ton or so with copper mass, seriously reduce the efficiency of air transportation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is anti-for the intrinsic lightning Protection capability defect of current composite structure and existing lightning stroke The deficiency of shield scheme proposes a kind of novel conduction-energy-absorbing integration lightning Protection superficial layer, specifically proposes a kind of lightweight lightning stroke Protection coating layer and its preparation and application.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows,
Lightning Protection superficial layer includes continuous conduction network, matrix, energy-absorbing component and conductive filler, lightning Protection superficial layer Thickness is at 10~500 μm, and mass area ratio is in 20~500g/m2Between, the fibre diameter of conductive network is constituted at 1~20 μm Between；Energy-absorbing component partial size is between 0.1~300 μm, and shared mass ratio is 5~50% in resin matrix；Conductive filler Partial size between 10nm~100 μm, content be substrate quality content 0~40%；
Continuous conduction network is coated on conductive metallic material by organic fiber or the fibroplastic length of inorganic non-metallic The fiber surface of fabric nonwoven cloth or staple fiber batt forms continuous conduction network；Then, by matrix and energy-absorbing component, conduction Filler is filled in inside conductive network surface and gap, and the mode of filling is one of following: (one) is by matrix and energy-absorbing group Point, conductive filler be uniformly mixed, be then coated with, impregnate, roller brush, or curtain coating on continuous conduction network surface；(2) first by matrix Coating, dipping, roller brush, or curtain coating then again in matrix surface coating, spraying, or dispense energy-absorbing component on conductive network surface And conductive filler, it is coated with, impregnates, roller brush later, or one layer of matrix of curtain coating；(3) first conductive network surface coating, spraying, Or energy-absorbing component and conductive filler are dispensed, then again in energy-absorbing component and conductive filler coating, dipping, roller brush, or curtain coating matrix Material；Basis material is thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin or elastomeric material；Energy-absorbing group is divided into metallic tin, aluminium or inflatable One of graphite, expanded graphite, vermiculite or two or more combinations；Conductive filler is micro-/ nano conductive material, described organic Fiber is macromolecular fibre, natural fiber.
The conductive metallic material is that silver, copper, nickel, aluminium and its alloy or the continuous conduction net list bread cover Conductive metallic material be different metal material multilayered structure.
Macromolecular fibre in the continuous conduction network is nylon fiber, polyester fiber, aramid fiber, supra polymer Weight polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber of superhigh molecular weight or polyphenylene sulfide fibre；Inorganic non-metallic fiber is carbon fiber, glass fibers Dimension, basalt fibre, quartz fibre, silicon carbide fibre or carbon nano-tube fibre；Natural fiber be flax fiber, sisal fiber, Tossa, ramee, hemp or bamboo fibre；Macromolecular fibre, inorganic non-metallic fiber or the natural fiber One or more of the combined knitting of fiber nonwoven fabric of long fibers or staple fiber batt.
The conductive metallic material is coated on by organic fiber or the fibroplastic nonwoven fabric of long fibers of inorganic non-metallic Or the method for the fiber surface of staple fiber batt is, by plating, chemical plating, vapor deposition, magnetron sputtering or nanowire growth, and The mass area ratio of final continuous conduction network is controlled in 10-150g/m2；
The micro-/ nano conductive material is graphene, carbon nanotube, gas-phase growth of carbon fibre, silver nanowires, copper nanometer It is line, conductive zinc oxide whisker, four needle conductive zinc oxide whiskers, the metal oxide filler through conductive processing or micro-silver powder, micro- One of rice copper powder, micron silver strip, copper facing glass microballoon, micron graphite powder or multiple combinations.
The partial size of the conductive filler is 20nm~50 μm；Content is the 0.5~10% of basis material mass fraction；
The partial size of the energy-absorbing component is 50~200 μm；Content is that basis material mass fraction is 20~40%.
The thermosetting resin is epoxy resin, bismaleimide resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenolic resin, benzoxazine Resin, cyanate ester resin；Thermoplastic resin is polyurethane, polyester, nylon, polysulfones, polyether sulfone, polyether-ether-ketone, poly(aryl ether ketone), gathers Phenylate, polyphenylene sulfide；Elastomeric material is polyurethane, nitrile rubber, polysulfide rubber, natural rubber, silicon rubber.
It is the user of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer using the method that lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer carries out lightning Protection Method include: during the paving of composite material in composite material surface paving lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer and after hardening Two kinds of superficial layer of composite material surface paving lightweight lightning Protection, if in composite material surface during the paving of composite material Paving lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer, method be,
(1) according to the trade mark and curing process of used position composite material, the heat of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer is selected Thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin or elastomeric material matrix, during the paving of composite material, by lightweight lightning Protection surface Layer is attached to the outside of composite material；
(2) moulding process for passing through autoclave, molding, Resin transfer molding or suction pouring, completes lightweight lightning Protection The co-curing of superficial layer and composite material；
If composite material surface paving lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer after hardening, method are,
According to the trade mark and curing process of related compound material, the solidification temperature of selected lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer matrix Lower than the glass transition temperature of composite body, lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer is attached to composite product after molding Side carries out secondary curing by autoclave or vacuum forming technique.
The present invention has the advantage that is with beneficial effect
Lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer proposed by the present invention proposes a kind of completely new protective mechanism, is different from general multiple The metal lightning Protection processing scheme of condensation material, using the high molecular material of lightweight, carbon material and a small amount of micro-/ nano scale gold Belong to, the surface fast dissipation access of the flexible macromolecule framework construction lightning current of building high-conductive metal cladding；Meanwhile by The expansion energy-absorbing of material surface appendix lightweight, heat-barrier material replacement can be innovated by the metal traditional metal materials of decalescence Property introducing lightning current the new mechanism of energy absorption, under the premise of substantially loss of weight, realize metal lightning Protection material conduction/ Energy-absorbing dual function.In addition to loss of weight, this material has good flexibility and material, process compatibility, can be different compound Co-curing is realized in material solidification technique, and the surfacecti proteon suitable for complicated product is handled.Meanwhile superficial layer of the present invention and composite wood Expect that ontology hot expansibility is close, avoids aging and spallation problems of the metal protection material during outdoor application, have Wide prospect.
The present invention constructs the highly conductive network of composite material surface by macromolecular fibre, and combines the swollen of a small amount of lightweight Swollen/phase transformation energy-absorbing material, dissipate thunder-strike current when reaching lightning stroke, absorbs the protection effect of lightning stroke energy.Cause and composite material phase Capacitive is good, the present invention can the matching of different from composite material moulding process, realize co-curing.Lightning Protection efficiency of the present invention is excellent Show is 162g/m in surface density2When, it can be realized to the good anti-of the area 2A D, C, B recombination current waveform (maximum current 100kA) Effect is protected, the composite material under superficial layer is substantially not damaged.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to required in technical solution provided by the present disclosure in order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution of the disclosure The attached drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only the portion of the technical solution of the disclosure Point specific embodiment illustrates.
The lightning damage and lightning Protection mechanism of Fig. 1 composite material；
Fig. 2 is the lightning Protection effect picture of lightning Protection superficial layer in example 1, wherein a is unshielded layer, b be coated with it is anti- Sheath；
Fig. 3 is the photo in kind of lightning Protection superficial layer in example 2, wherein a is surface protecting layer, and b is that have surfacecti proteon The composite panel of layer.
Specific embodiment
The technology that designs and prepares of the invention is described in further details below by example.
The lightning Protection superficial layer includes continuous conduction network, matrix, energy-absorbing component and conductive filler, lightning Protection surface Thickness degree is at 10~500 μm, and mass area ratio is in 20~500g/m2Between, the fibre diameter of conductive network is constituted 1~20 Between μm；Energy-absorbing component partial size is between 0.1~300 μm, 0~100g/m of content2；The partial size of conductive filler 1~100nm it Between, content is the 0~5% of substrate quality content；
The lightweight surfaces material has high conductivity, while when environment temperature increases, can pass through the processes such as expansion, phase transformation Absorb the Joule heat generated when lightning stroke.The conduction and energy-absorbing efficiency of superficial layer can by adjust several function ingredients type and Proportion is adjusted.
Continuous conduction network can choose the conductive metals such as silver, copper, nickel, aluminium and its alloy or multilayered structure covered fiber shape At nonwoven fabric of long fibers or staple fiber batt.Wherein fiber can be combination one or more of in following fiber, comprising: nylon The macromolecular fibres such as fiber, polyester fiber, aramid fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fibre；Carbon fiber, glass fibre, basalt fibre, stone The inorfils such as English fiber, silicon carbide fibre, carbon nano-tube fibre；The natural fibers such as flax, sisal hemp, jute, ramie, hemp；
Energy-absorbing group be selected from the low melting points such as tin, aluminium, low density metals or graphite worm (expansible graphite), expanded graphite, Vermiculite etc. can absorb heat expansion and expand after with heat insulation functional material；
Functional stuffing is selected from the lightweight conductives carbon materials such as reduced graphene, carbon nanotube, gas-phase growth of carbon fibre or silver is received The metal of lightweights or the metals through conductive processing such as rice noodles, copper nano-wire, conductive zinc oxide whisker, four needle conductive zinc oxide whiskers Oxide filler；
Basis material has good wellability and a binding force to conductive and energy-absorbing component, and with composite material compatibility It is good.Matrix is selected from epoxy resin, bismaleimide resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenolic resin, benzoxazine resin, cyanate ester resin Equal thermosetting resins, polyurethane, polyester, nylon, polysulfones, polyether sulfone, polyether-ether-ketone, poly(aryl ether ketone), polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide etc. The elastomeric materials such as thermoplastic or nitrile rubber, polysulfide rubber, natural rubber, silicon rubber；
A kind of method for carrying out lightning Protection using lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer, the use of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer Method include: during the paving of composite material in composite material surface paving lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer and after hardening Two kinds of superficial layer of composite material surface paving lightweight lightning Protection, if in composite material table during the paving of composite material Face paving lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer, method be,
(1) according to the trade mark and curing process of used position composite material, the heat of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer is selected Thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin or elastomeric material matrix, during the paving of composite material, by lightweight lightning Protection surface Layer is attached to the outside of composite material；
(2) moulding process for passing through autoclave, molding, Resin transfer molding or suction pouring, completes lightweight lightning Protection The co-curing of superficial layer and composite material；
If composite material surface paving lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer after hardening, method are,
According to the trade mark and curing process of related compound material, the solidification temperature of selected lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer matrix Lower than the glass transition temperature of composite body, lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer is attached to composite product after molding Side carries out secondary curing by autoclave or vacuum forming technique.
Embodiment 1
This exemplary lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer the preparation method is as follows:
Phenolic resin is dissolved in alcohol by (1-1), and the mass ratio of phenolic resin and ethyl alcohol is 0.2.It stirs to phenolic resin It is completely dissolved in ethanol；
(1-2) carbon nanotube and vermiculite are added in the ethanol solution of phenolic resin, and the diameter of carbon nanotube is 10nm, leech The partial size of stone is 300 μm；Carbon nanotube, the vermiculite accounting in matrix resin are respectively 40% and 10%.Carbon system dispersing agent is added The mass ratio of the dispersion effect of optimization graphene, dispersing agent and carbon nanotube is (0.2).Above-mentioned suspension is placed in and is surpassed at room temperature Sound stirs 30min, mixing speed 200rpm.Casting solution is made；
(1-3) cuts 5 pieces of chemical silvering aramid nonwoven of side length 300mm；
(1-4) keeps casting solution to be in stirring, and it is transferred in film applicator in batches, after its casting film-forming Appendix stands 10min on chemical silvering aramid nonwoven surface.After it is sufficiently infiltrated, nonwoven is arranged in baking oven, is set Oven temperature is 60 DEG C；
(1-5) is drawn off after white drying；
5 layers of non-woven fabrics overlapping are completed carry out hot-pressing processing by (1-6), and 100 DEG C of hot pressing temperature, pressure 0.3MPa keeps material each The preparation of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer is completed in full and uniform fitting between layer.Gained superficial layer with a thickness of 10 μm, surface density For 20g/m2。
Embodiment 2
This exemplary lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer the preparation method is as follows:
The benzoxazine resin of toughening is dissolved in chloroform by (1-1), and the mass ratio of benzoxazine resin and chloroform is 0.10. Stirring to benzoxazine resin is dissolved completely in chloroform；
(1-2) by expanded graphite be added benzoxazine resin chloroformic solution in, expanded graphite middle ratio in bismaleimide resin It is 5%.Above-mentioned suspension is placed in ball milling 3h at room temperature, drum's speed of rotation 50rpm.Casting solution is made；
(1-3) cuts 10 pieces of electroless copper ramie felts, and ramee diameter is 20 μm；
(1-4) keeps casting solution to be in stirring, and it is transferred in batches in roller brush machine, and will by roller brush machine It is brushed on electroless copper ramie felt surface.Stand 1min.After it is sufficiently infiltrated, ramie felt is placed in baking oven, setting is dried Box temperature degree is 90 DEG C；
(1-5) is drawn off after being completely dried；
10 layers of ramie felt overlapping are completed carry out hot-pressing processing by (1-6), and 60 DEG C of hot pressing temperature, pressure 0.1MPa keeps material each The preparation of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer is completed in full and uniform fitting between layer.Gained superficial layer with a thickness of 500 μm, face is close Degree is 500g/m2。
Embodiment 3
This exemplary lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer the preparation method is as follows:
Poly(aryl ether ketone) is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran by (1-1), and the mass ratio of poly(aryl ether ketone) and tetrahydrofuran is 0.05.Stirring is extremely Poly(aryl ether ketone) is dissolved completely in tetrahydrofuran；
(1-2) silver nanowires and glass putty are added in the tetrahydrofuran solution of poly(aryl ether ketone), and silver nanowires, glass putty are in poly- virtue Accounting is respectively 5% and 50% in ether ketone.The dispersion effect of silver-colored dispersing agent optimization silver nanowires, dispersing agent and silver nanowires is added Mass ratio be 15%.Above-mentioned suspension is placed in, 10min is stirred by ultrasonic at room temperature, mixing speed 500rpm.Dipping is made Liquid；
(1-3) cuts 2 pieces of electronickelling carbon felt, and nickel-coated carbon fibers diameter is 15 μm.
(1-4) immerses 2 batches of the electronickelling carbon felt cut point in maceration extract, stands 2.0min.It is sufficiently infiltrated to it Afterwards, it is pulled out.After dripping there is no maceration extract, by its successively overlapping complete, be placed in baking oven, set oven temperature as 45℃；
(1-5) is drawn off after superficial layer is completely dried, and completes the preparation of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer.
Embodiment 4
This exemplary lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer the preparation method is as follows:
The epoxy resin of toughening is dissolved in acetone by (1-1), and the mass ratio of epoxy resin and acetone is 0.15.It stirs to ring Oxygen resin is completely dissolved in acetone；
(1-2) reduced graphene and graphite worm are added in the acetone soln of epoxy resin, and graphene, graphite worm exist Accounting is respectively 30% and 20% in epoxy resin.The dispersion effect of carbon system dispersing agent optimization graphene, dispersing agent and stone is added The mass ratio of black alkene is 15%.Above-mentioned suspension is placed in, 20min is stirred by ultrasonic at room temperature, mixing speed 100rpm.It is made Casting solution；
(1-3) cuts 3 pieces of silver nylon non-woven fabrics of vapor deposition, and the diameter of electroconductive nylon fiber is 50 μm；
(1-4) keeps casting solution to be in stirring, and it is transferred in batches in roller brush machine, and will by roller brush machine It is brushed in vapor deposition silver nylon nonwoven surface, and 5min is stood.After it is sufficiently infiltrated, superficial layer overlapping is completed, and It is placed in baking oven, sets oven temperature as 40 DEG C；
(1-5) is drawn off after nylon nonwoven fabrics are completely dried；
3 layers of nylon nonwoven fabrics overlapping are completed carry out hot-pressing processing by (1-6), and 130 DEG C of hot pressing temperature, pressure 0.2MPa makes material Expect full and uniform fitting between each layer, completes the preparation of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer.Gained surface layer thickness is 50 μm, and face is close Degree is 80g/m2。
Embodiment 5
This exemplary lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer the preparation method is as follows:
The bismaleimide resin of toughening is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran by (1-1), and the mass ratio of bismaleimide resin and tetrahydrofuran is 0.10. Stirring to bismaleimide resin is dissolved completely in tetrahydrofuran；
(1-2) reduced graphene is added in the tetrahydrofuran solution of bismaleimide resin, and graphite worm accounts in bismaleimide resin Than being 20%.The mass ratio of the dispersion effect of addition carbon system dispersing agent optimization graphene, dispersing agent and graphene is 20%.It will be upper It states suspension and is placed in ball milling 1h at room temperature, drum's speed of rotation 20rpm.Casting solution is made；
(1-3) cuts 6 pieces of magnetron sputtering nickel carbon felt, and the diameter of magnetron sputtering nickel carbon fiber is 20 μm.(1-4) keeps casting film Liquid is in stirring, and it is transferred in batches in roller brush machine, and is brushed by roller brush machine in nickel plating Carbon felt surface, Stand 5min.After it is sufficiently infiltrated, carbon felt overlapping is completed, is placed in baking oven, sets oven temperature as 45 DEG C；
(1-5) is drawn off after carbon felt is completely dried；
(1-6) carries out hot-pressing processing to carbon felt, and 90 DEG C of hot pressing temperature, pressure 0.1MPa makes full and uniform between each layer of material The preparation of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer is completed in fitting.Surface layer thickness obtained is 100 μm, surface density 200g/m2。
Embodiment 6
This exemplary lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer the preparation method is as follows:
Nitrile rubber is dissolved in acetone by (1-1), and the mass ratio of nitrile rubber and acetone is 0.20.It stirs to nitrile rubber It is completely dissolved in acetone；
(1-2) gas-phase growth of carbon fibre and aluminium powder are added in the acetone soln of nitrile rubber, gas-phase growth of carbon fibre, aluminium Powder accounting in nitrile rubber is respectively 10% and 7%.The dispersion effect of carbon dispersing agent optimization gas-phase growth of carbon fibre is added, point The mass ratio of powder and gas-phase growth of carbon fibre is 10%.Above-mentioned suspension is placed in, 10min is stirred by ultrasonic at room temperature, stirring speed Degree is 50rpm.Maceration extract is made；
(1-3) cuts 15 pieces of silvered glass fibrofelt, and the diameter of silver plated fiber is 30 μm.
(1-4) immerses the silvered glass fibrofelt reduced in maceration extract in batches, stands 2.0min, sufficiently soaks to it After profit, pulled out.After dripping there is no maceration extract, by it, successively overlapping is completed, and is placed in baking oven, sets oven temperature It is 50 DEG C；
(1-5) is drawn off after superficial layer is completely dried, and completes the preparation of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer.Surface is made Layer with a thickness of 150 μm, surface density 200g/m2。

Claims (9)

1. a kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer, it is characterised in that: the lightning Protection superficial layer includes continuous conduction network, base Body, energy-absorbing component and conductive filler, lightning Protection surface layer thickness is at 10~500 μm, and mass area ratio is in 20~500g/m2 Between, the fibre diameter of conductive network is constituted between 1~20 μm；Energy-absorbing component partial size is being set between 0.1~300 μm Shared mass ratio is 5~50% in aliphatic radical body；Between 10nm~100 μm, content contains the partial size of conductive filler for substrate quality The 0.5~40% of amount；
Continuous conduction network is coated on conductive metallic material by organic fiber or the fibroplastic long fibre of inorganic non-metallic The fiber surface of non-woven fabrics or staple fiber batt forms continuous conduction network；Then, by matrix and energy-absorbing component, conductive filler Be filled in inside conductive network surface and gap, the mode of filling is one of following: (one) by matrix and energy-absorbing component, lead Electric filler is uniformly mixed, and is then coated with, is impregnated, roller brush, or curtain coating is on continuous conduction network surface；(2) first coat matrix, Dipping, roller brush, or curtain coating then again in matrix surface coating, spraying, or dispense energy-absorbing component and conduction on conductive network surface Filler is coated with later, impregnates, roller brush, or one layer of matrix of curtain coating；(3) it first in the coating of conductive network surface, spraying, or dispenses Energy-absorbing component and conductive filler, then again in energy-absorbing component and conductive filler coating, dipping, roller brush, or curtain coating basis material；Base Body material is thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin or elastomeric material；Energy-absorbing group is divided into metallic tin, aluminium or expansible graphite, swollen One of swollen graphite, vermiculite or two or more combinations；Conductive filler is micro-/ nano conductive material, and the organic fiber is Macromolecular fibre, natural fiber.
2. a kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the conductive metallic material It is different metal material for silver, copper, nickel, aluminium and its alloy or the surface coated conductive metallic material of continuous conduction network The multilayered structure of material.
3. a kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the continuous conduction network In macromolecular fibre be that nylon fiber, polyester fiber, aramid fiber, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, super high molecular weight are poly- Tacryl or polyphenylene sulfide fibre；Inorganic non-metallic fiber is carbon fiber, glass fibre, basalt fibre, quartz fibre, carbon SiClx fiber or carbon nano-tube fibre；Natural fiber is flax fiber, sisal fiber, tossa, ramee, hemp Or bamboo fibre；The group of one or more of macromolecular fibre, inorganic non-metallic fiber or natural fiber fiber is compiled in collaboration with The nonwoven fabric of long fibers or staple fiber batt knitted.
4. a kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the conductive metallic material It is coated on the method by organic fiber or the fibroplastic nonwoven fabric of long fibers of inorganic non-metallic or the fiber surface of staple fiber batt It is by plating, chemical plating, magnetron sputtering or nanowire growth, and to control the mass area ratio of final continuous conduction network In 10-150g/m2.
5. a kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the micro-/ nano is conductive Material is graphene, carbon nanotube, gas-phase growth of carbon fibre, silver nanowires, copper nano-wire, the metal oxide through conductive processing One of filler or micro-silver powder, Micron Copper Powder, micron silver strip, copper facing glass microballoon, micron graphite powder or multiple combinations.
6. a kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the grain of the conductive filler Diameter is 20nm~50 μm；Content is the 0.5~10% of basis material mass fraction.
7. a kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the grain of the energy-absorbing component Diameter is 50~200 μm；Content is that basis material mass fraction is 20~40%.
8. a kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the thermosetting resin is Epoxy resin, bismaleimide resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenolic resin, benzoxazine resin, cyanate ester resin；Thermoplastic resin For polyurethane, polyester, nylon, polysulfones, polyether sulfone, polyether-ether-ketone, poly(aryl ether ketone), polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide；Elastomeric material is Polyurethane, nitrile rubber, polysulfide rubber, natural rubber, silicon rubber.
9. a kind of method for carrying out lightning Protection using a kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer described in claim 1, feature It is that the application method of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer includes: during the paving of composite material in composite material surface paving Lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer and two kinds of superficial layer of composite material surface paving lightweight lightning Protection after hardening, if compound In composite material surface paving lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer during the paving of material, method is,
(1) according to the trade mark and curing process of used position composite material, the thermosetting property of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer is selected Resin, thermoplastic resin or elastomeric material matrix paste lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer during the paving of composite material In the outside of composite material；
(2) moulding process for passing through autoclave, molding, Resin transfer molding or suction pouring, completes lightweight lightning Protection surface The co-curing of layer and composite material；
If composite material surface paving lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer after hardening, method are,
According to the trade mark and curing process of related compound material, the solidification temperature of selected lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer matrix is lower than Lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer is attached to composite product one after molding by the glass transition temperature of composite body Side carries out secondary curing by autoclave or vacuum forming technique.
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