CN1078174A - 链烷烃烷基化催化剂 - Google Patents
链烷烃烷基化催化剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1078174A CN1078174A CN93102393A CN93102393A CN1078174A CN 1078174 A CN1078174 A CN 1078174A CN 93102393 A CN93102393 A CN 93102393A CN 93102393 A CN93102393 A CN 93102393A CN 1078174 A CN1078174 A CN 1078174A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- catalyzer
- hydrochloride
- hydrobromide
- mixture
- arbitrary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 quaternary ammonium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ITQTTZVARXURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CN=C1 ITQTTZVARXURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FKNQCJSGGFJEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC=C1 FKNQCJSGGFJEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- JOMNTHCQHJPVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpiperazine Chemical compound CC1CNCCN1 JOMNTHCQHJPVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-but-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C\C IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- FLTJDUOFAQWHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl pentane Natural products CCCCC(C)(C)C FLTJDUOFAQWHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020004 porter Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQXCQTAELHSNAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ZQXCQTAELHSNAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPWHDDKQSYOYBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1l2u0q Chemical compound Br[Br-]Br GPWHDDKQSYOYBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- CAWHJQAVHZEVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylpyrazine Chemical compound CC1=CN=CC=N1 CAWHJQAVHZEVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNPSDJOWGWWXSS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-benzylpyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=C[N+]=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 GNPSDJOWGWWXSS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMFKHSUJELUBLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propan-2-yl-2H-pyridine hydrobromide Chemical compound CC(C)N1C=CC=CC1.Br WMFKHSUJELUBLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDIIGWSSTNUWGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[NH2+]1C=CN=C1 JDIIGWSSTNUWGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLLDUURXGMDOCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCC1=NC=CN1 SLLDUURXGMDOCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003606 oligomerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/54—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons or to hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
- C07C2/56—Addition to acyclic hydrocarbons
- C07C2/58—Catalytic processes
- C07C2/60—Catalytic processes with halides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
- B01J27/10—Chlorides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/125—Halogens; Compounds thereof with scandium, yttrium, aluminium, gallium, indium or thallium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0239—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0244—Nitrogen containing compounds with nitrogen contained as ring member in aromatic compounds or moieties, e.g. pyridine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0278—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
- B01J31/0281—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member
- B01J31/0284—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member of an aromatic ring, e.g. pyridinium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0292—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature immobilised on a substrate
- B01J31/0294—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature immobilised on a substrate by polar or ionic interaction with the substrate, e.g. glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/32—Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
- B01J2231/323—Hydrometalation, e.g. bor-, alumin-, silyl-, zirconation or analoguous reactions like carbometalation, hydrocarbation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- C07C2527/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- C07C2527/08—Halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- C07C2527/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- C07C2527/125—Compounds comprising a halogen and scandium, yttrium, aluminium, gallium, indium or thallium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- C07C2527/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- C07C2527/125—Compounds comprising a halogen and scandium, yttrium, aluminium, gallium, indium or thallium
- C07C2527/126—Aluminium chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2531/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- C07C2531/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
催化剂,它含一种多孔有机或无机载体及至少一
种混合物,此混合物又由至少一种铝和/或硼的卤化
物和至少一种胺的氢卤化物和/或铵的卤化物组成,
以及至少有一种每个分子含2—6个碳原子的链烯
存在的情况下该催化剂在催化烷化异丁烷和/或异
戊烷方面的应用。
Description
本发明涉及一种催化剂,该催化剂含一种有机或无机多孔载体和至少一种又由至少一种铝和/或硼的卤化物与至少一种季铵(胺)卤化物和/或胺氢卤化物(halohydrate d′amine)组成的混合物,以及这种催化剂在用至少一种每个分子含2-6个碳原子的链烯(即C2-C6链烯)催化烷化异丁烷和/或异戊烷中的应用,这种链烯可以得到高支化度和高辛烷值的链烷烃化合物。
人们知道,为改善内燃机与可控点火式发动机,尤其是高压缩比发动机,就特别希望配有高辛烷值的碳氢燃料,即主要由高度支化的链烷烃碳氢化合物组成的碳氢燃料。由每个分子含2-6个碳原子的链烯烷化异链烷烃(异丁烷和/或异戊烷)能得到这类产品。这种反应必需使用酸性很强的催化剂,其目的尤其在于减少多余的反应,例如链烯的氢化物夺取反应及聚合反应,这些反应提供低辛烷值的不太支化的烃和不饱和烃,也减少裂化反应及歧化反应。
由链烯C2-C6烷化异丁烷和/或异戊烷生产烃的那些现有工业方法都使用硫酸或氢氟酸作催化剂。在这些方法中,酸性催化剂构成液相,它与异链烷烃-链烯液体混合物接触以形成乳状液。这些方法很昂贵,对人身安全、对环境都造成严重的问题。为克服这些问题,曾研究过呈液相的硫酸和氢氟酸各种不同催化***。
为催化由链烯烷化异链烷烃的反应,人们已提出过用很多不同种类的酸性固体制备酸性催化剂。在酸性催化剂组中,可以列举分子筛(例如参见US-A-3236762、US-A-3251902、US-A-3644565、US-A-4377721、US-A-4384161和US-A-4300015)、可能与BF3缔合的高交联树脂(例如参见US-A-3855342、US-A-3855343、US-A-3862258和US-A-3879489)、NAFION型全氟化树脂(例如参见US-A-4056578和US-A-4038213)、在各种无机载体上沉积的Lewis和/或Bronsted酸(例如参见US-A-3975299、US-A-3852371和US-A-3979476)、氯化铝(例如参见US-A-3240840、US-A-3523142、US-A-3607859、US-A-3523142、US-A-4066716、US-A-4083800和US-A-4066716、添加Lewis和/或Bronsted酸的石墨(例如参见US-A-4083885、US-A-4116880、US-A-4128596和US-A-3976714)和在氧化物载体上沉积的阴离子、如ZrO2/SO4(例如参见J-01288329、J-011245854-A、J-01245953、J-61242641-A和J-61242641)。这些固体导致生产支化的异链烷烃,但有许多较大的缺陷,其中可以列举出:所用的一种或多种异链烷烃-一种或多种链烯摩尔比往往很高以便限制大量的次级反应,以及在催化活性期间稳定性低(因不饱和低聚物沉积而抑制催化剂)那时这些催化剂应经常再生。此外,诸如分子筛之类的某些酸性固体的低酸度迫使使用高反应温度,这对制备高辛烷值烃是不利的。
本发明涉及一种新的催化剂,这种催化剂通过至少一种每个分子含2-6个碳原子的链烯烷化异丁烷和/或异戊烷,最好为异丁烷,能够得到高支化度和高辛烷值的链烷烃化合物。
本发明的催化剂含一种有机或无机的多孔载体,和至少一种混合物,而该混合物又由下述化合物组成:至少一种成分选自于硼和铝的卤化物、即至少一种铝和/或硼的卤化物,最好为铝的卤化物、和至少一种选自于铵的卤化物和胺的氢卤化物中的化合物,即至少一种铵的卤化物和/或胺的氢卤化物,最好至少一种铵的卤化物和/或胺的氢氯化物和/或胺的氢溴化物,其载体至少用于一种混合物浸渍,该混合物由至少一种铝和/或硼的卤化物和至少一种铵的卤化物和/或胺的氢卤化物组成。所述混合物是一种通常称之“熔融盐”的与烃相不相混溶的离子配合物。能够得到的混合物在室温为液体,而且在更高的温度下,最好低于150℃,更受欢迎的还低于100℃,也是液体。在所有这些情况下,当浸渍在载体上时所述混合物都是液体。
其载体选自于本技术领域技术人员知道的多孔有机或无机载体。在可以使用的有机载体中,作为非限制性的实例可以列举:高交联树脂、全氟化树脂和碳。在可以使用的无机载体中可以列举下述氧化物,如SiO2、ZrO2、TiO2、SnO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、HfO2,以及这些化合物中至少两种的所有组合(如ZrO2-TiO2),较可取的载体是二氧化硅。
可以使用的载体比表面一般为0.01-1500m2/g,最好是0.01-150m2/g,更受欢迎的是0.01-50m2/g。载体的总孔体积一般为0.005-1.5cm3/g,最好为0.005-1cm3/g,更好是0.005-0.8cm3/g。当用由至少一种铝和/或硼的卤化物和至少一种铵的卤化物和/或胺的氢卤化物组成的至少一种混合物浸渍所述载体时,所述一种或多种混合物占氧化物载体总孔体积的分数一般为5-100%。这样制备的催化剂的特征在于比表面一般为0.01-500m2/g,最好为0.01-150m2/g,0.01-40m2/g更好。
本发明中特别可使用的铝和/或硼卤化物是铝和/或硼的三氟化物、三氯化物和/或三溴化物,例如AlCl3、AlBr3、BCl3或BBr3或BBr3,最好是铝的三氟化物、三氯化物和/或三溴化物:AlCl3、AlBr3和AlF3。可以使用纯的或混合的铝和/或硼的卤化物,其比例为从其中一种卤化物达99%直到另一种卤化物达99%。因此,可将AlCl3与AlBr3、AlCl3与BCl3或AlBr3与BBr3混合。
按照本发明尤其可使用的、符合下述通式的无环或构成环的部分的季胺卤化物:
R1R2R3R4N+X-(Ⅰ)
R1R2N+=CR3R4X-(Ⅱ)
式中R1、R2、R3、R4、或R5相同或不同,它们代表烃残基,例如烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基或烷芳基,R5还可以是氢或取代的烃残基,例如含至少一个与氢和碳不相同的原子,比如N。还可能是一个可并合两个分子,其中至少一个是如上面的分子所得到的基团,例如R1R2N+=CR3-R5-CR3=N+R1R2(X-)2,R6是一个基团,还可以是亚烷基或亚苯基残基。化学式(Ⅲ)和(Ⅳ)的环由4-19个原子,最好由5-6个原子构成,并且可能含除季铵氮之外的碳原子或可能其它氮原子。这些环可以是芳族的或非芳族的。化学式(Ⅲ)和(Ⅳ)的环可以与其它环缩合,并且含比如对于R1限定的那些烃取代基、胺官能团、氟、氯或溴原子。
在R1、R2、R3、R4和R5基团中可以提及的基:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、亚甲基、亚乙基、苯基或苯甲基,R6可以是亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚苯基。如化学式(Ⅳ)中描述的环可用吡啶、咪唑、三嗪、吡唑、嘧啶、***代表。
在化学式(Ⅰ)至(Ⅳ)中,X-代表卤化物离子,例如溴离子或氯离子。
作为本发明使用的铵盐实例,尤其可以列举咪唑与吡啶盐,如N、N1-二烃基咪唑氯化物与溴化物和N-烃基吡啶氯化物与溴化物,尤其是1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑氯化物、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑溴化物、1-苯基-3-异丙基咪唑氯化物、N-甲基吡啶氯化物、N-异丙基吡啶溴化物、N-苯甲基吡啶氯化物。
本发明尤其可使用的胺的氢卤化物含每摩尔胺为一摩尔氢卤盐,但还可以含每摩尔胺为至少两摩尔氢卤酸。最好每摩尔胺为两摩尔氢卤酸。还可使用有至少一摩尔氢卤酸的氢卤化物的混合物,例如有一摩尔和二摩尔氢卤酸的氢卤化物的混合物。
所述胺的氢卤化物来自于胺或环二胺或构成可能含至少一个氮原子的环部分的胺,并且它们满足下述通式:
R1R2R3NH+X-(Ⅴ)
式中R1、R2、R3、R4或R5相同或不同,它们代表烃残基,例如烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基或烷芳基,或代表氢,R5可以是如含至少一个与氢和碳不同的原子(如氮)的取代烃残基。为得到胺的氢卤化物,还可能是并合两个分子,其中至少一个是如上面的分子得到的基团,例如R1HN+=CR3-R6-CR3=N+R1R2(X-)2或R1HN+=CR3-R6-CR3=N+R1H(X-)2,R6是一个基,可以是亚烷基或亚苯基残基。化学式(Ⅶ)和(Ⅷ)的环由4-19个原子、最好由5-6个原子组成,并且可以包括除胺氮之外的碳原子或其它的氮原子;这些环可以是芳族的或非芳族的。化学式(Ⅶ)与(Ⅷ)环可与其它环缩合,并且带诸如对R1所确定的烃取代基、胺官能团、氟、氯或溴原子。
在R1、R2、R3、R4和R5基团中,可以提及氢原子、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、亚甲基、亚乙基、苯基或苯甲基、R6可以是亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚苯基。如化学式(Ⅷ)中描述的环可以用吡啶、咪唑、三嗪、吡唑、嘧啶、***代表。
在化学式(Ⅴ)至(Ⅷ)中,X-代表卤化物离子,最好是溴离子或氯离子。
作为本发明可使用的胺氢氯化物或氢溴化物的实例,尤其可以列举吡啶盐、如吡啶的氢氯化物与氢溴化物,2-皮考啉、3-皮考啉或4-皮考啉的氢氯化物与氢溴化物、哌啶、哌嗪、吗啉、2-甲基吡嗪与吡咯烷的氢氯化物与氢溴化物。
对于一定种类的组分,铝和/或硼的一种或多种卤化物与铵的一种或多种卤化物和/或胺的一种或多种氢卤化物共同决定了介质的酸度(或碱度)与结晶点。当铝和/或硼的卤化物摩尔分数低于0.5时,其混合物酸性不大,甚至碱性。如果其分数超过0.5时,这个摩尔分数越大介质越是酸性。那么就确立了一个可以根据链烯反应性而改变的很宽的酸度范围,这有利于减少不必要的低聚合反应,同时使反应速率达到最大。
本发明催化剂的制备方法包括两个步骤。在第一步,其载体一般高于50℃温度煅烧,最好超过80℃,更好是200-600℃,例如500℃煅烧。该步煅烧时间通常是10分钟至50小时,其煅烧可在空气或空气/氮混合气存在下进行,其流量一般为0.001-10l/h/g。第二步是用至少一种混合物,它由至少一种铝和/或硼的卤化物和至少一种铵的卤化物和/或胺的氢卤化物组成,浸渍已煅烧的产物,其浸渍温度是这样的,当浸渍载体时,所述的一种或多种混合物是液体。为实施该步骤,可以使用本技术领域的技术人员熟知的一切技术。这样制备的固体要防潮保存。本发明的催化剂还可由至少一种混合物浸渍的多孔有机或无机载体组成,而所述混合物由至少一种铝和/或硼的卤化物和至少一种铵的卤化物和/或胺的氢卤化物组成。
本发明的催化剂可以使用纯的或用在所研究反应中没有什么催化活性的各种物质稀释的催化剂,所述物质如二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化镁或诸如膨润土、蒙脱石或高岭土之类的各种粘土。
在链烯和/或链烯混合物以液相和以与异链烷烃和/或异链烷烃混合物混合的形式加入反应器中的方法使用所述催化剂较有利。其催化剂可以以固定床、移动床、流化床或在液相中反应物受到有效搅拌的悬浮形式使用。
一种或多种异链烷烃-一种或多种链烯混合物加入反应器的每小时体速度(空间速度)(以每小时每单位重量催化剂加入的链烯重量表示)一般为0.001-10h-1,最好为0.002-2h-1。所述混合也可在反应器内进行。在所有情况下,这样构成的混合物在反应器中的压力与温度条件是这样的该烃混合物在其催化剂上仍是液体。
反应温度一般是-50-150℃,当反应温度低于5℃,最好低于0℃,更好地低于-5℃时,则改善了催化性能。反应器的压力应该是不论使用反应温度如何都保持反应器中烃为液体就足够了。
为了限制二级反应,通常使用与一种或多种链烯相比过量的异链烷烃。作为实施例,在用丁烯烷化异丁烷的情况下,将纯的异丁烷加入料中,或以比如含至少40%异丁烷的丁烷混合物形式加入料中。此外,可以加入纯丁烯或异构丁烯混合物。在所有这些情况下,料中异丁烷/一种或多种丁烯的摩尔比一般是1-100,最好是3-50,更好是5-10。
例如根据1969年3月(Norme Francaise Pr.M.07.071)草案测量溴值可以调整控制反应产物。
当合理选择催化剂的种类与催化剂工作条件(尤其是温度)时,本发明催化剂能由至少一种链烯烷化链烷烃生产出产品,这些产品作为马达的碳氢燃料和汽油成分是很有意义的,并且这种产品含例如至少60%(摩尔)每个分子为8个碳原子的链烷烃和低于1%(摩尔)不饱和化合物,每个分子有8个碳原子的链烷烃是70-98%(摩尔)三甲基戊烷化合物。
本发明催化剂的另一个优点是能够用每个分子有2-6个碳原子的链烯混合物在低温下烷化异丁烷,这里每个分子有至少5个碳原子的链烯比例是很重要的(至少10%(重量),最好至少40%(重量))。
下面实施例说明本发明而不是限制其范围。
实施例1
催化剂的制备
按下述方式制备0.55N(当量浓度)离子配合物:
在刚刚升华的10.3gAlCl3中,缓慢加入10.9g甲丁基咪唑氯化物,同时借助磁棒搅拌。其温度保持恒定在0℃。这样得到一种在室温下的液体混合物,其颜色很浅。这种盐防潮保存。
在500℃空气中煅烧4小时活化14g大孔二氧化硅,其比表面为27m2/g。这样活化的固体保存在氩气中。用4.5g按前述说明制备的混合物干浸渍重为10g已煅烧的二氧化硅(固体)。这样制得的催化剂含4.5g混合物和10g二氧化硅,并保存在-18℃氩气中。
由丁烯-2烷化异丁烷
将12g按前述方法制得的催化剂装入体积360ml、在氩气流下预先净化的Fischer & Porter型玻璃反应器中。装有催化剂的反应器密封后,置于预真空下,再冷却到温度-20℃。
在装有催化剂的反应器中,在搅拌下加入72cm3异丁浣,所述反应器浸在-20℃冷浴中。让其催化剂+异丁烷体系继续搅拌30分钟以便使温度均匀。
在整个6小时时间里控制加入13.16cm3丁烯-2,在整个加料期间,反应器的温度保持在-15℃。
反应之后,从反应器排出烃相,缓慢蒸发异丁烷。回收烷基化物,并用气相色谱法分析;它的重量组成列于下表。链烯的转化率是100%。烷基化物的组成列于下表1中。
表1
iC51.0
C60.9
C71.6
C893.8
C91.2
C
+91.5
C8部分含94.6%(重量)三甲基戊烷,所计算的辛烷值是99。
实施例2
使用与实施例1相同的催化剂,重复用丁烯-2烷化异丁烷的催化试验,并进行一组不同温度试验。其结果汇总于下表2。
表2
T(℃) C5-C7C8C
+9RON
-20 2.8 92.3 4.9 99.3
-10 2.1 97 0.9 98.4
0 6.4 86.7 6.9 96.4
该表证明在低温实施是有益的。
实施例3
催化剂的制备
以下述方式制备0.67N离子配合物:在24.8g新升华的AlCl3己烷悬浮液中,缓慢加入11.5g吡啶氢氯化物,同时用磁棒搅拌,这样得到一种在室温为液体、颜色很浅的混合物。这种混合物保存在氩气中防潮。
在500℃空气中煅烧4小时活化13克大孔二氧化硅,其比表面为27m2/g。这样活化的固体存放在氩气中。然后用8.8g前述制备的混合物干浸渍重13g煅烧的固体。所得到的催化剂含8.8g混合物和13g二氧化硅,并存放在-18℃氩气中。
由丁烯-2烷化异丁烷
将由前述方法制得的催化剂装入体积为360ml在氩气流下预先净化的Fischer & Porter型玻璃反应器中。将装有催化剂的反应器封闭起来,然后置于预真空下,再冷却到温度-15℃。
在搅拌下,往装有催化剂的反应器中加入80.6g异丁烷,所述反应器浸在-15℃冷浴中。继续搅拌催化剂+异丁烷***达30分钟,以便使其温度均匀。
在总共3小时期间内,控制加入16.5g丁烯-2,在整个加料期间,反应器的温度保持在-15℃。
反应之后,从反应器排出烃相,缓慢蒸发异丁烷。回收烷基化物,用气相色谱法分析;它的重量组成列于下面。链烯转化率是100%。烷基化物的组成(%(重量))列于下表3。
表3
iC5C6C7C8C9C
+9
0.9 1.1 1.3 93.3 1.2 2.2
C8部分含93.2%(重量)三甲基戊烷,所计算的辛烷值是98.6。
实施例4
使用与实施例3同样的催化剂,重复用丁烯-2烷化异丁烷的催化试验,并进行一组不同温度试验,其结果汇总于下表4。
表4
T(℃) C5-C7C8C
+9RON
-20 2.1 95.2 2.7 99.5
-10 4.0 89.9 4.9 97.3
0 5.9 87.8 7.3 96.1
该表证明了在低温下实施是有益的。
实施例5
催化剂的制备
按下述方式制备0.67N离子配合物:于己烷中,给28.8g刚刚升华的AlCl3缓慢加入12.9g4-皮考啉的氢氯化物,同时用磁棒搅拌。这样得到一种在室温下为液体、颜色很浅的混合物。这种混合物保存在氩气中防潮。
在500℃空气中煅烧4小时,活化13g大孔二氧化硅,其比表面为27m2/g。这样活化的固体保存在氩气中。然后用8.5g前述制备的混合物干浸渍重为13g煅烧的固体。这样制得的催化剂含8.5g混合物和13g二氧化硅,并保存在-18℃氩气中。
用丁烯-2烷化异丁烷
将由前述方法制得的催化剂装入体积为360ml、在氩气流下预先净化的Fischer & Porter型玻璃反应器中。将装有催化剂的反应器封闭,然后置于预真空中,再冷却到温度-15℃。重复与实施例3同样的在-15℃由于烯-2烷化异丁烷的催化试验。其结果汇总于下表5中。
C8部分含94.0%(重量)三甲基戊烷,所 的辛烷值是98.9
Claims (10)
1、催化剂,其中含多孔的有机或无机载体,其比表面为0.01-1500m2/g和总孔体积为0.005-1.5cm3/g还含至少一种混合物,该混合物又由至少一种选自于铝和硼成分的卤化物,和至少一种选自于铵的卤化物和胺的氢卤化物的化合物所组成,用所述混合物浸渍的载体。
2、按照权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于,当所述混合物浸渍在载体上时,该混合物是一种与烃相不混溶的液体离子配合物。
3、按照权利要求1或2中任一权利要求所述的催化剂,其特征在于,选自于铝和硼化合物的卤化物是选自于由AlCl3、AlBr3和AlF3组成的组中。
5、按照权利要求1-4中任一权利要求所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述化合物是N、N1二烷基咪唑氯化物或溴化物,或者N-烷基吡啶氯化物或溴化物。
6、按照权利要求1-3中任一权利要求所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述化合物是胺的氢卤化物,其通式如下式:
R1R2R3R4NH+X-(Ⅴ)
式中R1、R2、R3、R4或R5相同或不同,代表烃残基或氢,X-代表卤化物离子。
7、按照权利要求1、2、3或6中任一权利要求所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述化合物是胺的氢卤化物,它选自于吡啶盐,如吡啶的氢氯化物和氢溴化物、2-皮考啉的氢氯化物与氢溴化物、3-皮考啉的氢氯化物与氢溴化物、4-皮考啉的氢氯化物与氢溴化物、哌啶的氢氯化物与氢溴化物、哌嗪的氢氯化物与氢溴化物、吗啉的氢氯化物与氢溴化物、2-甲基哌嗪的氢氯化物与氢溴化物和吡咯烷的氢氯化物与氢溴化物。
8、按照权利要求1-7中任一权利要求所述催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,煅烧其载体,再用所述混合物浸渍其载体。
9、按照权利要求1-7中任一权利要求所述的或按照权利要求8所制备的催化剂在催化烷化方法中的使用,至少用一种含2-6个碳原子的链烯催化烷化至少一种异丁烷与异戊烷的化合物。
10、按照权利要求9所述的应用,其中反应温度低于5℃。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9200802A FR2686526B1 (fr) | 1992-01-23 | 1992-01-23 | Catalyseur d'alkylation de paraffines. |
FR9200802 | 1992-01-23 | ||
FR9207859A FR2692814B1 (fr) | 1992-06-24 | 1992-06-24 | Catalyseur d'alkylation de paraffines. |
FR9207859 | 1992-06-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1078174A true CN1078174A (zh) | 1993-11-10 |
Family
ID=26229213
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN93102393A Pending CN1078174A (zh) | 1992-01-23 | 1993-01-22 | 链烷烃烷基化催化剂 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0553009B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH05261293A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR930016145A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1078174A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2087920A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69311145T2 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2725919B1 (fr) * | 1994-10-24 | 1996-12-13 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Composition catalytique et procede pour l'alkylation d'hydrocarbures aliphatiques |
GB9504077D0 (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 1995-04-19 | Contract Chemicals Limited | Catalyst and its use |
EP0748654A1 (fr) * | 1995-06-15 | 1996-12-18 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Catalyseur d'alkylation aliphatique comprenant une phase active comportant un composé cuivreux, sur support |
FR2735398B1 (fr) * | 1995-06-15 | 1997-07-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Catalyseur d'alkylation aliphatique |
FR2735387B1 (fr) * | 1995-06-15 | 1997-07-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Catalyseur d'alkylation aliphatique comprenant une phase active comportant un compose cuivreux, sur support |
FR2735399B1 (fr) * | 1995-06-16 | 1997-07-25 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Nouvelle composition catalytique a base de complexes de metaux de transition et procede pour l'hydrogenation des composes insatures |
ATE264141T1 (de) | 1999-11-05 | 2004-04-15 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Immobilisierte ionische flüssigkeiten |
EP1120159A1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-08-01 | Hölderich, W. F., Prof. | Supported ionic liquids, process for preparation and use thereof |
US6673737B2 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2004-01-06 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Ionic liquid compositions |
FR2861084B1 (fr) * | 2003-10-15 | 2006-01-21 | Arkema | Procede d'elimination de composes benzothiopheniques contenus dans un melange d'hydrocarbures |
GB0525251D0 (en) | 2005-12-12 | 2006-01-18 | Univ Belfast | Oligomerisation |
NZ569329A (en) | 2006-01-30 | 2011-09-30 | Transtech Pharma Inc | Substituted imidazole derivatives and their use as PTPase inhibitors |
US8704018B2 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-04-22 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Extracted conjunct polymer naphtha |
PT3762368T (pt) | 2018-03-08 | 2022-05-06 | Incyte Corp | Compostos de aminopirazina diol como inibidores de pi3k-y |
WO2020010003A1 (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2020-01-09 | Incyte Corporation | AMINOPYRAZINE DERIVATIVES AS PI3K-γ INHIBITORS |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2337014A (en) * | 1942-09-22 | 1943-12-14 | Shell Dev | Catalytic conversion |
US4460778A (en) * | 1983-04-28 | 1984-07-17 | General Electric Company | Phase transfer catalysts |
FR2626572B1 (fr) * | 1988-02-02 | 1990-05-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede d'alkylation d'hydrocarbures aliphatiques |
AU626091B2 (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1992-07-23 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Heterogeneous isoparaffin/olefin alkylation process |
US4908122A (en) * | 1989-05-08 | 1990-03-13 | Uop | Process for sweetening a sour hydrocarbon fraction |
DE4005762A1 (de) * | 1990-02-23 | 1991-08-29 | Bayer Ag | Trimerisierungskatalysatoren, ein verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung bei der herstellung von isocyanuratgruppen aufweisenden polyisocyanaten |
-
1993
- 1993-01-15 EP EP93400095A patent/EP0553009B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-15 DE DE69311145T patent/DE69311145T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-21 KR KR1019930000744A patent/KR930016145A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-01-22 JP JP5009425A patent/JPH05261293A/ja active Pending
- 1993-01-22 CA CA002087920A patent/CA2087920A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1993-01-22 CN CN93102393A patent/CN1078174A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH05261293A (ja) | 1993-10-12 |
EP0553009A1 (fr) | 1993-07-28 |
CA2087920A1 (fr) | 1993-07-24 |
DE69311145D1 (de) | 1997-07-10 |
KR930016145A (ko) | 1993-08-26 |
DE69311145T2 (de) | 1998-02-05 |
EP0553009B1 (fr) | 1997-06-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1078174A (zh) | 链烷烃烷基化催化剂 | |
JP4153864B2 (ja) | 複合イオン液体を触媒としたアルキレートの製造方法 | |
CN1058694C (zh) | 烷基化方法 | |
CN1123031A (zh) | 离子液体 | |
EP1403236A1 (en) | Process of paraffin hydrocarbon isomerisation catalysed by an ionic liquid in the presence of a cyclic hydrocarbon additive | |
CN1073125A (zh) | 链烷烃烷化催化剂 | |
US9181150B1 (en) | Catalytic disproportionation of pentane using ionic liquids | |
AU2013360304B2 (en) | Process for reducing chloride in hydrocarbon products using an ionic liquid catalyst | |
AU2014314272A1 (en) | Composite ionic liquid catalyst | |
US5693585A (en) | Aliphatic alkylation catalyst comprising an active phase containing a cuprous compound on a support | |
FI107448B (fi) | Alkylointikatalyytiksi sopiva koostumus | |
WO1999003163A1 (en) | Alkylation reaction using supported ionic liquid catalyst composition and catalyst composition | |
CN1648113A (zh) | 一种固体酸催化异构烷烃与烯烃的烷基化反应方法 | |
US9096485B2 (en) | Catalytic isomerization of heptane using ionic liquids | |
CN1057989C (zh) | 异构烷烃与烯烃的烷基化方法 | |
US9102578B2 (en) | Catalytic isomerization of paraffins using ionic liquids | |
US9096480B2 (en) | Catalytic disproportionation of heptane using ionic liquids | |
US9102577B2 (en) | Catalytic disproportionation of paraffins using ionic liquids | |
US10889534B2 (en) | Alkylation processes using liquid Lewis acid catalysts | |
US20150005542A1 (en) | Catalytic isomerization of pentane using ionic liquids | |
US9096483B2 (en) | Catalytic isomerization of hexanes using ionic liquids | |
JPH07308580A (ja) | 少なくとも一つのオレフィンc3〜c6によるイソパラフィンc4〜c5のアルキル化用触媒 | |
CA1077013A (en) | Catalyst and process for hydrocarbon conversion | |
FI88682C (fi) | Foerfarande foer raffinering av olja | |
CN1272411C (zh) | 一种c5、c6烷烃的异构化方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |