CN107805808B - Preparation method of electric jet deposition-laser cladding micro-texture cutter - Google Patents

Preparation method of electric jet deposition-laser cladding micro-texture cutter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107805808B
CN107805808B CN201711159861.4A CN201711159861A CN107805808B CN 107805808 B CN107805808 B CN 107805808B CN 201711159861 A CN201711159861 A CN 201711159861A CN 107805808 B CN107805808 B CN 107805808B
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texture
micro
deposition
laser
cutter
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CN107805808A (en
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李学木
邓建新
段冉
刘亚运
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of mechanical cutting tools, and provides a preparation method of an electro-jet deposition-laser cladding micro-texture tool, which comprises the steps of firstly applying certain pressure on functional liquid to enable the functional liquid to flow out of a spray hole of a spray needle at a certain flow rate; then applying a certain electric field to the functional liquid to form a fine jet flow which is far smaller than the inner diameter of the jet hole, and jetting and depositing a micro-texture on the cutter substrate; meanwhile, the deposited texture material is subjected to irradiation heat treatment by laser, so that the texture material is quickly cured and formed and is reliably fused with the cutter substrate. The preparation method of the electric jet deposition-laser cladding micro-texture cutter provided by the invention integrates the technical advantages of electric jet deposition and laser processing, and has the advantages of high texture forming precision, strong material adaptability, simple processing technology, easiness in control and the like.

Description

A kind of electricity jet stream deposition-micro- texture cutter preparation method of laser melting coating
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of mechanical cutting tool manufacture, are related to a kind of electric jet stream deposition-micro- texture of laser melting coating The preparation method of cutter.
Background technique
Use of the metal dry machining technology technology because avoiding a large amount of cutting fluids, thus greatly reduces manufacturing cost, subtracts Lack environmental pollution, is increasingly becoming one of research hotspot of green manufacturing.But the cooling and lubricating due to lacking cutting fluid acts on, The machining condition of dry machining technology is more severe, and the requirement to cutter is stringenter.How in unlubricated or micro lubricating feelings The fretting wear for mitigating cutter under condition, the cutting ability for improving cutter become one of dry machining technology urgent problem to be solved.
Surface Texture technology is a kind of to improve the method for material surface characteristic by changing the physical structure of material surface. Texturing processing is carried out in the specific region of tool surface, and add lubricant in being formed by texture to effectively improve Tool surface lubricating bearing ability improves knife-bits contact surface Frotteurism, enhances the antiwear and reducing friction ability of tool surface.In State's patent " application number 200710017168.3 " reports a kind of micro-chamber self-lubricating knife tool and preparation method thereof, it uses fine electricity Spark processing technology processes micropore, and solid lubricant is filled into micropore in cutter rake face knife-bits contact zone, in knife Lubricant is precipitated the lubricating film to be formed and plays lubricating action when tool cutting.But the method is higher to cutter conduction needs, adds Work precision is low, and finished surface ablation is serious.Chinese patent " application number 201210447210.6 " reports that a kind of micro-nano is compound to be knitted Structure self-lubricating knife tool and preparation method thereof, it processes micron order texture using laser processing technology on cutter rake face, Nanoscale texture is processed on negative chamfered edge, and is filled with solid lubricant in texture respectively, improves the abrasion resistance of cutter Can, improve cutter life.But the method for laser ablation cutter material processing texture is usually present serious heat effect, Easily cause the faults of construction such as local deformation, the micro-crack of cutter material.Pit bottom and surrounding after processing usually have material pile Product, needs secondary treatment.The article of Tokyo Univ Japan Obikawa: Toshiyuki Obikawa et al., Micro- texture at the coated tool face for high performance cutting,International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture, 51 (2011) 966-972, through photolithographic process before cutter It is prepared for dimpling lattice array texture on knife face, efficiently reduces tool wear, improves Tool in Cutting performance.But the method system Standby cutter texture there are complex process, it is at high cost the problems such as.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of above-mentioned art methods, proposes a kind of electric jet stream deposition-laser melting coating is micro- and knit The preparation method of structure cutter.The method forms micron-sized fine jet stream under electric field force effect using functional liquid, and Jet deposition goes out micro- texture on tool matrix, while carrying out irradiation heat treatment using textured material of the laser to deposition, and it is heavy to realize Fast curing-formed and with basis material the reliable consolidation of product material is formed by layer by layer deposition and realizes the three-dimensional micro- texture of cutter Manufacture.In dry machining technology, the collective effect of micro- texture and lubricant can effectively reduce tool surface friction, and reduction is cut Power and cutting temperature are cut, cutter life is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of preparation method of electricity jet stream deposition-micro- texture cutter of laser melting coating, makes functional liquid with certain stream first Amount is flowed out from nozzle needle spray orifice;Then certain electric field is applied to functional liquid, is allowed to form the fine jet stream much smaller than spray orifice internal diameter, And jet deposition goes out micro- texture on tool matrix;Irradiation heat treatment is carried out using textured material of the laser to deposition simultaneously, is made Rapid curing molding and with the reliable consolidation of tool matrix.The present invention is based on electric jet stream deposition-micro- texture cutter systems of laser melting coating Standby device realizes that the device includes: computer control module, electric jet stream deposition module, CCD micro-imaging module, laser Device module.
The computer control module is computer 5 and associated control software.The computer 5 draws that cutter is micro- to be knitted The threedimensional model of structure, and three-dimensional movement platform substrate 7 is controlled according to each layer cross section profile data of its threedimensional model and filling data Motion path and movement velocity.
The electric jet stream deposition module includes: 1- syringe, 2- functional liquid, 3- micro-injection pump, 7- three-dimensional motion Platform substrate, 9- are grounded pole plate, 13- Metallic Nozzle At The Ingot, 14- spray nozzle fixture, 15- silicone rubber tube, 16- high voltage power supply.The function Liquid 2 is that micro- textured material superfines is blended in suspension obtained in organic or inorganic solvent.The micro-injection pump 3 Be fixedly clamped the syringe 1 equipped with functional liquid 2, and the flow of control function liquid 2.13 internal diameter of Metallic Nozzle At The Ingot is 300 μm, upper port is connected by silicone rubber tube 15 with the needle end of syringe 1, and end portion is connected with 16 anode of high voltage power supply. The three-dimensional movement platform substrate 7 is the metal plate for carrying tool matrix 8, can do three-shaft displacement under the control of computer 5, Three-dimensional movement platform substrate 7 is grounded by ground connection pole plate 9.The spray nozzle fixture 14 is manufactured by insulating materials, and front end clamps spray First 13, rear end is fixed on transportable Z offset axis.The voltage output range of the high voltage power supply 16 is 0-10kV.
The CCD micro-imaging module is made of micro- camera 6 and computer 5.The micro- camera 6 and computer 5 are connected, and pass through the inspection software real-time detection electricity jet stream deposition process of computer 5.
The laser module is by CO2Laser 4 and computer 5 form.The CO2Laser 4 and 5 phase of computer Even, pass through the parameters such as output power, scanning area, the scanning speed of 5 real-time control laser 12 of computer.
Micro- texture cutter preparation method of electric jet stream deposition-laser melting coating is carried out using above-mentioned apparatus, specific steps are such as Under:
(1) pretreatment of tool matrix
Tool matrix surface is processed by shot blasting, and is sequentially placed into acetone and ethanol solution and is cleaned by ultrasonic 20min, to remove tool surface dirt.
(2) the electric jet stream deposition of micro- texture
Computer 5 draws the threedimensional model of micro- texture, utilizes each layer cross section profile data of its threedimensional model and filling data Generate the motion path and movement velocity of corresponding three-dimensional movement platform substrate 7.The functional liquid 2 of certain flow is controlled by metal Spray head 13 flows out, and micron-sized stable jet stream 11 is formed in high voltage electric field, and jet deposition is on tool matrix 8.Control institute The three-dimensional movement platform substrate 7 stated is moved according to the path of setting and speed, is gone out and three in the specified area deposition of tool matrix 8 The consistent laminate structure of the first layer cross section profile of dimension module.Wherein, deposition process parameter are as follows: the flow of functional liquid 2 be 2 × 10-13m3·s-1-5×10-13m3·s-1, the spacing of Metallic Nozzle At The Ingot 13 and tool matrix 8 is 2-3mm, the output of high voltage power supply 16 Voltage is 0.1-6Kv, and 7 movement velocity of three-D displacement platform substrate is 10mm/s-40mm/s.
(3) laser melting coating of micro- texture
Adjustment 12 hot spot of laser focuses in micro- texture 10 of deposition, and makes line width phase of the laser spot diameter with micro- texture When.Laser power 50-200W, scanning speed 20mm/s-40mm/s are adjusted, the textured material effect of laser 12 and deposition is completed The curing molding of micro- the first layer cross section profile of texture thin layer and reliable consolidation with tool matrix.Computer 5 controls three-dimensional motion Platform substrate 7 declines the distance of one layer of thin layer.
Step (2), (3) are repeated, the layer-by-layer cumulative deposition modeling of material is carried out, the three-dimensional for preparing required dimensions is micro- Texture.
Remarkable result of the invention is that had and knitted using the preparation method of electric jet stream deposition-micro- texture cutter of laser melting coating The advantages that structure formed precision is high, deposition materials are adaptable, materials hot deformation is small.By the adjustment of deposition parameter, may be implemented The manufacture of the micro- texture of Various Complex.By being heat-treated to textured material laser irradiation, the fast and reliable of textured material may be implemented Curing molding, avoid the texture occurred during prior heat treatment fall off, be layered, crackle the defects of, enhance textured material Binding force between layers.The present invention realizes the combination of electric fluidics and laser processing technology.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is electric jet stream deposition-micro- texture cutter preparation facilities schematic diagram of laser melting coating;
Wherein: 1- syringe, 2- functional liquid, 3- micro-injection pump, 4-CO2Laser, 5- computer, 6- microfacies Machine, 7- three-dimensional movement platform substrate, 8- tool matrix, 9- are grounded pole plate, the micro- texture of 10-, 11- jet stream, 12- laser, 13- metal Spray head, 14- spray nozzle fixture, 15- silicone rubber tube, 16- high voltage power supply;
Fig. 2 is electric jet stream deposition-micro- texture cutter preparation technology flow chart of laser melting coating;
Fig. 3 is the micro- texture characteristic schematic diagram of tool surface.
Specific embodiment
To keep the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical solution and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing and tool Body embodiment is described in detail.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of electric jet stream deposition-micro- texture cutter of laser melting coating referring specifically to once implementing Example.
Example 1:
A kind of preparation method of electricity jet stream deposition-micro- texture cutter of laser melting coating, basis material select W18Cr4V high-speed steel Cutter, micro- textured material are Al2O3(its main component is 97%Al2O3, 2%Ni and 1%Al).It is characterized in that the knife before cutter Micro- texture is processed on face.Specific step of preparation process is as follows:
(1) pretreatment of tool matrix
W18Cr4V high-speed steel tool surface is processed by shot blasting, and is sequentially placed into acetone and ethanol solution and surpasses Sound cleans 20min, to remove tool surface dirt.
(2) the electric jet stream deposition of micro- texture
Computer 5 draws the threedimensional model of micro- texture, utilizes each layer cross section profile data of its threedimensional model and filling data Generate the motion path and movement velocity of the corresponding three-dimensional movement platform substrate 7 of micro- texture, the micro- texture of three-dimensional of this example Each layering cross section structure of model with a thickness of 5 μm, line width is~100 μm, and 7 speed of three-D displacement platform substrate is 20mm/ s.Select Al2O3Suspension (the hereinafter referred to as Al that nanometer powder and dehydrated alcohol mix2O3Nanometer ink) it is functional liquid 2, Control Al2O3Nanometer ink is with 4 × 10-13m3·s-1Flow velocity export and flow out from Metallic Nozzle At The Ingot 13, and formed in high voltage electric field Micron-sized stable jet stream 11, and jet deposition is on tool matrix 8.Wherein, the spacing of Metallic Nozzle At The Ingot 13 and cutter rake face For 2mm, the output voltage of high voltage power supply 16 is 4.5kV.The control three-dimensional movement platform substrate 7 according to scheduled path and Speed movement specifies area deposition to go out the laminate structure consistent with the first layer cross section profile of threedimensional model in cutter rake face.
(3) laser melting coating of micro- texture
Adjustment 12 hot spot of laser focuses in micro- texture 10.Adjustment laser spot diameter~100 μm, laser power 100W, The textured material of scanning speed 35mm/s, laser 12 and deposition acts on, and completes micro- texture the first layer cross section profile thin layer Al2O3's Curing molding and reliable consolidation with tool matrix.Computer 5 controls three-dimensional movement platform substrate 7 and declines 5 μm.
Step (2), (3) are repeated, Al is carried out2O3The layer-by-layer cumulative deposition modeling of nano material, prepares required dimensions The micro- texture of three-dimensional.
Example 2:
A kind of preparation method of electricity jet stream deposition-micro- texture cutter of laser melting coating, basis material select W6Mo5Cr4V2 high Fast steel cutter, micro- textured material are that (its main component is 80%WC, 10%Co, 5%W, 1.5%VC, 1%Cr to hard alloy3C2 And 1%Ni, 1%Al and 0.5%Mo).It is characterized in that processing micro- texture on the rake face of cutter.Specific preparation process step It is rapid as follows:
(1) pretreatment of tool matrix
W6Mo5Cr4V2 high-speed steel tool surface is processed by shot blasting, and is sequentially placed into acetone and ethanol solution It is cleaned by ultrasonic 20min, to remove tool surface dirt.
(2) the electric jet stream deposition of micro- texture
Computer 5 draws the threedimensional model of micro- texture, utilizes each layer cross section profile data of its threedimensional model and filling data Generate the motion path and movement velocity of the corresponding three-dimensional movement platform substrate 7 of micro- texture.The micro- texture of three-dimensional of this example Each layering cross section structure of model with a thickness of 7 μm, line width is~150 μm, and 7 speed of three-D displacement platform substrate is 10mm/ s.The suspension (hereinafter referred to as hard alloy nanometer ink) for selecting hard alloy nanometer powder and dehydrated alcohol to mix is function Energy liquid 2 controls hard alloy nanometer ink with 4 × 10-13m3·s-1Flow velocity from 13 exit of Metallic Nozzle At The Ingot flow out, and Micron-sized stable jet stream 11 is formed in high voltage electric field, and jet deposition is on tool matrix 8.Wherein, Metallic Nozzle At The Ingot 13 and knife The spacing for having rake face is 2mm, and the output voltage of high voltage power supply 16 is 4.5kV.The control three-dimensional movement platform substrate 7 is pressed Path and speed movement according to setting, specify area deposition to go out and the first layer cross section profile of threedimensional model phase one in cutter rake face The laminate structure of cause.
(3) laser melting coating of micro- texture
Adjustment 12 hot spot of laser focuses in the micro- texture 10 of hard alloy.Adjust laser spot diameter~150 μm, laser function The textured material of rate 100W, scanning speed 30mm/s, laser 12 and deposition acts on, and completes micro- the first layer cross section profile of texture thin layer The curing molding of hard alloy and reliable consolidation with tool matrix.Computer 5 controls three-dimensional movement platform substrate 7 and declines 7 μm.
Step (2), (3) are repeated, the layer-by-layer cumulative deposition modeling of cemented carbide material is carried out, prepares required dimensions The micro- texture of three-dimensional.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art For, without departing from the principles of the present invention, it can also make several improvements and retouch, these improvements and modifications It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of preparation method of electricity jet stream deposition-micro- texture cutter of laser melting coating, it is characterised in that following steps:
(1) pretreatment of tool matrix
Tool matrix surface is processed by shot blasting, and is sequentially placed into acetone and ethanol solution and is cleaned by ultrasonic 20min, with Remove the dirt on the tool matrix surface;
(2) the electric jet stream deposition of micro- texture
Computer (5) draws the threedimensional model of micro- texture, raw using each layer cross section profile data of its threedimensional model and filling data At the motion path and movement velocity of the corresponding three-dimensional movement platform substrate (7) of the micro- texture;
The single layer cross section structure of the threedimensional model of micro- texture with a thickness of 1 μm -10 μm, the three-dimensional movement platform base Plate (7) movement velocity is 10mm/s-40mm/s;
Micro- textured material superfines is blended in organic or inorganic solvent, functional liquid (2) are made, controls it with a constant current Amount is flowed out from Metallic Nozzle At The Ingot (13), and micron-sized stable jet stream (11) is formed in high voltage electric field, and jet deposition is in cutter base On body (8);
The flow of the functional liquid (2) is 2 × 10-13m3·s-1-5×10-13m3·s-1, in the Metallic Nozzle At The Ingot (13) 300 μm of diameter, the spacing with tool matrix (8) is 2-3mm, and the high voltage electric field is provided by high-voltage DC power supply (16), defeated Voltage is 0.1-6Kv out;
It controls three-dimensional movement platform substrate (7) to move according to the path of setting and speed, specifies area deposition to go out and three in cutter The consistent laminate structure of the first layer cross section profile of dimension module;
(3) laser melting coating of micro- texture
Adjustment laser (12) hot spot focuses on micro- texture (10), and adjustment laser spot diameter is suitable with the line width of micro- texture, swashs The textured material of optical power 50-200W, scanning speed 20mm/s-40mm/s, laser (12) and deposition acts on, and completes micro- texture the The curing molding of one layer cross section profile layer material and reliable consolidation with tool matrix;It is flat that computer (5) controls three-dimensional motion Stylobate plate (7) declines the distance of one layer of thin layer;
Step (2), (3) are repeated, the layer-by-layer cumulative deposition modeling of micro- textured material is carried out, prepares the three-dimensional of required dimensions Micro- texture.
CN201711159861.4A 2017-11-20 2017-11-20 Preparation method of electric jet deposition-laser cladding micro-texture cutter Expired - Fee Related CN107805808B (en)

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CN108608555B (en) * 2018-05-10 2019-10-01 山东大学 A method of layered composite ceramic cutter material biscuit is prepared using electric jet stream deposition technique
CN108914116B (en) * 2018-07-17 2019-12-27 山东大学 Method for performing powder presetting by laser cladding assisted electro-jet deposition technology
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CN109550953A (en) * 2018-12-06 2019-04-02 山东大学 A kind of method that laser lithography-electrospray deposition prepares micro- texture
CN109554693B (en) * 2018-12-12 2020-05-05 山东大学 Wear-resistant antifriction zirconia ceramic coating on metal surface and preparation method thereof
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