CN105506625B - A kind of preparation method of the protective coating based on die matrix working surface - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the protective coating based on die matrix working surface Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of protective coating based on die matrix working surface.This method includes：1) the first coating is sprayed to form hard wear-resistant coating in the working surface of die matrix；2) micro-structure being recessed inwardly is prepared on the surface of hard wear-resistant coating；3) the second coating is sprayed to form lubricant coating on the surface of hard coat, complete the preparation based on die matrix working surface protective coating.This method can prepare a kind of protective coating lubricated with high bond strength, high abrasion, height in the working surface of die matrix, not only solve the problem that interface bond strength is low between conventional rigid wearing layer and lubricant coating, and extend the service life of mold.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of protective coating based on die matrix working surface, belong to mold protection skill
Art field.
Background technique
Mold bears biggish frictional force, alternating compression power and drawing force during workpieces processing, while needing very fast
Process velocity guarantee yield rate, and quickly rub be easy to cause mold concentrated wear aggravate, generate fuel factor, above-mentioned complexity
Bad working environments generate negative influence to die life, cause its service life reduction, for Failure Factors, are related to mold totality
And its structure design of components, material selection and use, mold assembly, use, maintenance, maintenance etc..With regard to failure it is outer thus
Speech, it is closely related with operating condition, including：Stress state, load character, mold temperature, surrounding medium, friction condition.Mainly
Failure mode have the forms such as overload failure, wear-out failure and fatigue failure, wherein about 85% punch die failure is abrasion
Failure.Main cause is that quickly relative motion is rubbed mold between components or between mold and workpiece in use
Wipe, vibration or high temperature, fatigue, spalling and wear, or even damage.And influence abrasion factor be mainly mold surface it is thick
Rugosity, hardness, mold and coefficient of friction, andfrictional conditions, stress condition, the lubrication state of workpiece etc., therefore improve the master of mold
Wanting mode is to prepare to improve its surface abrasion resistance, lubrication state by coating.
Mold protective coating is to form strengthened coat in die surface by coating technology, is guaranteeing die matrix performance not
The surface of the cutting edge of all kinds of mold cavities, formed punch, type chamber is strengthened under the premise of decline, it additionally can be to the damage of mold
Hurt surface repair or carry out worn-out surface redeposited.At present in terms of the composition of coating material, oxide has oxidation
Chromium, aluminium oxide, titanium oxide etc., carbide have the compound of chromium carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide and they and metal, nitride
There are titanium nitride, silicon nitride etc. and iron-based, Ni-based, cobalt-based material or WC, A1 are added in these coating materials2O3、Cr2O3、
The ceramic particles such as ZnO obtain composite coating, are remarkably improved its abrasive wear resistant weld deposit performance, while it is secondary to increase or change friction
Between physics, chemistry and crystal structure difference and property, to improve its antisticking polishing machine；In addition, molybdenum type coating moistens
Slip is high, has excellent resistance to adhesive wear performance；Resistance to defibrator process can be improved in cobalt base self-fluxing alloy, Ni/A1 and ceramic coating
Damage performance；Ni base self-fluxing alloy, self-fluxing alloy add copper powder, stainless steel, ultra-fine A12O3、Cr2O3, WC composite coating can mention significantly
The erosion-wear-resisting and cavitation of high part wear energy.
The preparation of mold protective coating can be used gas phase deposition technology, spraying, composite brush coating technology, high energy beam technology,
Modification technology etc., and the most common one is physical vapour deposition (PVD) and spraying method, wherein gas phase deposition technology depositing coating can be
It is carried out under lower temperature, does not change traditional manufacturing process, but thickness of coating is generally lower, only 2-3 μ m-thick, with matrix
Bond strength is poor, and coating contains higher residual stress, and brittle cracking and peeling, hardly possible application easily occur under high load, high speed
Mold protection under bad working environments, while the preparation of the type coating is limited to the preparation characteristic of vapor deposition：Low deposition rate,
Vacuum environment and deposition be not diffractive strong, is difficult to process to large mold, complex profile, especially excessive residual stress
To the mechanical properties such as coating hardness and bond strength generate large effect, as sieve at et al. the surface Cr12MoV TiB2 apply
[sieve is at the .Cr12MoV steel surface electric spark deposition such as Dong Shijie, Xiong Xiang TiB for layer2Coating characteristic studies [J] mould industry,
2009,35(3):63-67] and Samir K et al. TiALN coating processing AISI4140 steel correlative study [Samir
K.Khrais,Y.J.Lin.Wear mechanisms and tool performance of TiAlN PVD coated
inserts during machining of AiSi 4140steel[J].wear262(2007):64-69] find there is this
Problem.And spray-on coating is then more satisfactory solution, is almost suitable for the deposition, simple process, efficiency of a variety of materials
Height, thickness are thick, size and shape are unrestricted, at low cost, remarkable in economical benefits.However during high speed stamping
(250-400m/s), though coating surface hardness can be effectively improved using single coated with hard coating, improve bearing capacity, its
Lubricity is insufficient, and higher coefficient of friction will lead to workpiece surface temperature and increase, be adhered and the appearance of scratch, such as Wang Zhenjing, Lee
Discovery (please refers to document [Wang Zhenjing, plasma spray in detail in big et al. the spray-on coating correlative study carried out in stamping die
Apply the research [academic dissertation] applied on cold stamping die of composite ceramic material, Hebei University of Technology, 2006], [Li Wei, Supersonic
The applied basic research [academic dissertation] of the cooling stamping die of fast flame-spraying reparation, the Central China University of Science and Technology, 2009]), coating knot
It closes intensity and coefficient of friction is clearly present deficiency, it is difficult to have the function that long-acting lubrication；Although and single spraying lubricant coating can
To improve die surface lubricating status, but its hardness is insufficient, and be easy to crack peeling under the conditions of height carries；And by hard coat and moisten
Slip layer composite deposition exists though solving hardness, carrying, lubrication problem from structure in hard layer and lubrication interface layer
The low problem of bond strength, simultaneously because lubricant layer, hard layer are mutually indepedent, therefore using effect is poor.
Currently, still being limited to regulation coating ingredients, institutional framework, thickness for the research of spraying mold protective coating both at home and abroad
Degree etc. improves the performance of coating；While the combination of lubrication and wearing layer is formed by the design of composite construction or gradient-structure, one
Determining degree improves the lubricating and wear-resisting structure of coating, but still has many shortcoming and deficiency：1. wear-resisting, the lubricant effect of coating
It needs to be further increased；2. direct spraying lubricant layer process interface layer bond strength is insufficient on wearing layer, easily occur
It peels off；3. coating generates abrasive dust during reuse, the coating surface repeated action with hard influences workpiece process
Lubricity, while destroying die surface, accelerated wear test destroys.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of protection based on die matrix working surface
The preparation method of coating, this method can prepare a kind of with high bond strength, high abrasion, height in the working surface of die matrix
The protective coating of lubrication not only solves the conventional rigid layer problem low with interface layer bond strength is lubricated, and extends
The service life of mold.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a kind of preparation sides of protective coating based on die matrix working surface
Method, this approach includes the following steps：
Step 1: the working surface in die matrix sprays the first coating to form hard wear-resistant coating；
Step 2: the micro-structure being recessed inwardly on the surface of the hard wear-resistant coating；
Step 3: spraying the second coating on the surface of the hard wear-resistant coating to form lubricant coating, complete to be based on mould
Has the preparation of matrix working surface protective coating.
Coating is designed and is combined with microstructure design by technical solution provided by the invention, makes lubricant coating and hard, wear-resistant
Interface between layer, which is formed, to be recessed inwardly micro-structure (micropore or very low power), to efficiently solve tradition for hard wear-resistant coating
When with lubricant coating composite deposition, interface bond strength between the two is low, and the problem of wearability, lubricity deficiency improves
The using effect of protective coating and service life.
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that in step 2, the micro-structure being recessed inwardly includes micropore or very low power；
It is highly preferred that the micro-structure being recessed inwardly forms periodic array on the surface of hard wear-resistant coating；Further preferably
Ground, in periodic array, the micro-structure being recessed inwardly column direction of being expert at is parallel.
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that the distance between described two adjacent micro-structures being recessed inwardly are in practical behaviour
It is adjustable, preferably 100 μm of -1mm in work.
These micro-structures being recessed inwardly have pinning effect to lubricant coating, can regulate and control lubricant coating and hard, wear-resistant
Bonding state between layer improves bond strength.
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that in periodic array, micropore column direction of being expert at is parallel.Institute
The shape for stating micropore includes cylindrical or square column type, but not limited to this.
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that in step 2, the micro-structure being recessed inwardly is on hard wear-resistant coating surface
Cup depth be less than hard wear-resistant coating thickness.
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that the length in the aperture of the micropore, the groove width of very low power and very low power does not have
Especially limitation, can be adjusted in the actual operation process.
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that the hard wear-resistant coating with a thickness of 100-500 μm；It is highly preferred that the profit
Sliding coating with a thickness of 100-500 μm.
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that in step 2, applied by the way of laser boring or scanning in hard, wear-resistant
The surface of layer prepares the micro-structure being recessed inwardly；It is highly preferred that the laser is nanosecond laser or ultrafast laser, laser parameter can
To be adjusted according to the processing request of process equipment, micro-structure, wherein the reference value of nanosecond laser parameter is that power is 40W,
Scanning speed is 50mm/min, and spot size is 150 microns, frequency 5Hz.
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that in step 3, when the surface of hard coat sprays the second coating, it is ensured that the
Two coating are solid by micro-structure (micropore or very low power).Due to the storage inside lubrication phase of micro-structure, thus moistening
After sliding coating is exhausted, still lubrication can be released from the inside of micro-structure in the contact process of workpiece and mold and apply ingredient,
The coefficient of friction between workpiece and mold is reduced, lubricity is kept；Simultaneously because the hardness of lubricant coating is lower, abrasion is produced
Raw abrasive dust can collect and be stored in the inside of micro-structure in sliding process, avoid the contact surface abrasion row of mold and workpiece
For increase.
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that in step 1, the raw material of first coating composition include metal oxide or
Metal carbides, but not limited to this, the material of the ceramic-like spray-on coating in this field is used equally for the present invention；Wherein, described
Metal oxide includes the combination of one or more of chromium oxide, aluminium oxide, titanium oxide；The metal carbides include carbonization
The combination of one or more of chromium, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide；It is highly preferred that the raw material composition of first coating includes oxidation
Aluminium or silicon carbide.Spraying method is not particularly limited, and can be thermal spraying or supersonic flame spraying.
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that in step 3, the composition of the lubricant coating includes molybdenum sulfide or CuNiIn,
But not limited to this.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1) compared with the coating of traditional single structure, protective coating provided by the invention with multilayered structure due to (containing
Lubricant coating and hard wear-resistant layer), the wearability and lubricity of coating itself are more preferable, can be realized between die workpiece abrasion,
The effective protection for the effects of being adhered extends the service life of mold.
2) technical solution provided by the invention has carried out micro-structure processing on the surface of hard wear-resistant layer, these micro-structures
In the presence of binding force of the lubricant coating on hard wear-resistant layer is improved, so that the bond strength of coating entirety be made to be improved.
3) micro-structure of hard, wear-resistant layer surface has also played sustained release and has accommodated；On the one hand, it is stored in micro-structure
Lubricant can further release after lubricant coating is exhausted, and be lubricated to contact surface, keep the profit of coating
Slip and wearability；On the other hand, the abrasive dust generated in friction process can be collected into these micro-structures, thus rubbed
It is able to maintain contact surface free from admixture in journey, prevents the further damage to contact surface.
4) structure is designed and is combined with coating design by technical solution provided by the invention, using hard wear-resistant coating, profit
The mode that sliding coating is combined with micro-structure prepares protective coating, simple to operate, practical, can amplify production, fill up
The market vacancy of domestic outer mold protective coating has huge military and business application price markup value.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 prepares schematic diagram for protective coating；
Fig. 2 prepares schematic diagram for hard wear-resistant coating；
Fig. 3 is the machining sketch chart of micropore or very low power on hard wear-resistant coating；Wherein, the aperture of micropore or very low power
Groove width is a, and the distance between two neighboring micropore or very low power are b, and the depth of micropore or very low power is d；
Fig. 4 is the machining sketch chart of lubricant coating；
Effect comparative analysis figure of the Fig. 5 between protective coating provided by the invention and conventional coatings.
Specific embodiment
In order to which technical characteristic of the invention, purpose and beneficial effect are more clearly understood, now to skill of the invention
Art scheme carries out described further below, but should not be understood as that limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The present invention provides a kind of protective coating based on die matrix working surface, the preparation flow of the figure layer such as Fig. 1
It is shown comprising following steps：
1) cleaning of part
Substrate to be processed is placed in acetone soln, is then placed in ultrasonic wave cleaning test machine and is cleaned by ultrasonic,
Scavenging period is 30min；After completing ultrasonic cleaning, substrate drying is placed in alcoholic solution with hair dryer, is surpassed again
Sound wave cleaning, scavenging period 30min are finally dried up substrate with hair dryer.
2) preparation of hard wear-resistant coating
Substrate is put in painting workshop, the powder of appropriate SiC is filled in spray filler material mouth, is sprayed using low-temperature plasma
Technology is sprayed (as shown in Figure 2), prepares thickness in the working surface of substrate by adjusting spraying parameter in spraying process
The hard wear-resistant coating that degree is 200 μm.
3) preparation of hard wear-resistant coating surface micro-structure
By the way of laser boring the surface of hard wear-resistant coating preparation different shape, spacing and depth micropore or
Very low power adjusts power density, pulse width and scanning times, the speed progress technology controlling and process of laser processing, makes micropore or micro-
Groove is lined up periodic array (as shown in Figure 3) on the surface of hard wear-resistant coating, the aperture of micropore or very low power in figure
Groove width is a, and the distance between two neighboring micropore or very low power are b (value of b is between 100 μm of -1mm), micropore or micro- ditch
The depth of slot is d (thickness that the value of d is less than hard wear-resistant coating).
4) interface is cleared up
The surface of hard wear-resistant coating after processing is cleaned by ultrasonic, and passes through ion beam bombardment and other post-processings
Mode is removed the defect and pollutant that generate after laser processing.
5) preparation of lubricant coating
Substrate is put in painting workshop, dusty spray is replaced, by MoS2Powder is put into spraying material mouth, by adjusting spraying
Distance, the speed of spray gun be lubricated the preparation (lubricant coating with a thickness of 200 μm, as shown in Figure 4) of coating, prepared
Micropore or very low power are filled first in journey, then prepare the lubrication with a thickness of 200 μm on the surface of hard wear-resistant coating
Coating completes the preparation of protective coating.
Embodiment 2
A kind of protective coating based on die matrix working surface is present embodiments provided, the preparation flow of the figure layer is as schemed
Shown in 1 comprising following steps：
1) cleaning of part
Substrate to be processed is placed in acetone soln, is then placed in ultrasonic wave cleaning test machine and is cleaned by ultrasonic,
Scavenging period is 30min；After completing ultrasonic cleaning, substrate drying is placed in alcoholic solution with hair dryer, is surpassed again
Sound cleaning, scavenging period 30min are finally dried up substrate with hair dryer.
2) preparation of hard wear-resistant coating
Substrate is put in painting workshop, the powder of appropriate aluminium oxide is filled in spray filler material mouth, using low-temperature plasma
Spraying technology is sprayed, and obtains the working surface of substrate with a thickness of 200 μ by adjusting spraying parameter in spraying process
The hard wear-resistant coating of m.
3) preparation of micro-structure
By the way of laser boring the surface of hard wear-resistant coating preparation different shape, spacing and depth micropore or
Very low power adjusts power density, pulse width and scanning times, the speed progress technology controlling and process of laser processing, makes micropore or micro-
Groove lines up periodic array on the surface of hard wear-resistant coating.
4) interface is cleared up
The surface of hard wear-resistant coating after processing is cleaned by ultrasonic, and passes through ion beam bombardment and other post-processings
Mode is removed the defect and pollutant that generate after laser processing.
5) preparation of lubricant coating
Substrate is put in painting workshop, dusty spray is replaced, by MoS2Powder is put into spraying material mouth, by adjusting spraying
Distance, the speed of spray gun be lubricated the preparation (lubricant coating with a thickness of 200 μm) of coating, it is right first in preparation process
Micropore or very low power are filled, and are then completed anti-in the preparation of the surface of hard wear-resistant coating with a thickness of 200 μm of lubricant coating
Protect the preparation of coating.
By protective coating provided by the invention compared with traditional hard or lubricant coating carry out effect, as shown in figure 5, from
It can be seen that in figure：Traditional hard coat, due to there is no micro-structure in coating, thus coating coefficient of friction in use
It is higher, it is easy to generate abrasive dust；And conventional lubrication coating is then easily formed layering in interface in use, and coating is caused to lose
Effect falls off；These abrasive dusts be all easy to coating surface repeated action, influence the lubricity in workpiece process, destroy simultaneously
Die surface, accelerated wear test destroy；
Protective coating provided by the invention, what the interface presence that hard wear-resistant coating is connect with lubricant coating was recessed inwardly
Micro-structure (micropore or very low power), in the micro-structure and hard wear-resistant coating surface are stored with lubricant coating, therefore on the one hand
Effective connection is formd between lubricant coating and hard wear-resistant layer, improves lubricant coating bond strength, reduces layering
A possibility that falling off；On the other hand after outmost lubricant coating is exhausted, these micro-structures can still release lubrication
Coating composition keeps lubricity to reduce the coefficient of friction between workpiece and mold.It can be seen that protection provided by the invention
Coating has better wearability and lubricity compared with conventional coatings, and the binding strength of coating each section is stronger.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of the protective coating based on die matrix working surface comprising following steps：
Step 1: the working surface in die matrix sprays the first coating to form hard wear-resistant coating；
Step 2: preparing the micro-structure being recessed inwardly on the surface of the hard wear-resistant coating；
Step 3: spraying the second coating on the surface of the hard wear-resistant coating to form lubricant coating, complete to be based on mold base
The preparation of body running surface protection coating；Wherein,
In step 1, the raw material composition of first coating includes metal oxide or metal carbides；The metal oxidation
Object includes the combination of one or more of chromium oxide, aluminium oxide, titanium oxide；The metal carbides include chromium carbide, carbonization
The combination of one or more of tungsten, titanium carbide；The hard wear-resistant coating with a thickness of 100-500 μm；
In step 2, the micro-structure being recessed inwardly is applied in hard wear-resistant coating depression in the surface depth less than hard, wear-resistant
The thickness of layer；
In step 3, when the surface of hard coat sprays the second coating, it is ensured that the second coating by the solid of micro-structure,
The lubricant coating with a thickness of 100-500 μm, the raw material of second coating composition includes molybdenum sulfide or CuNiIn.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein：In step 2, the micro-structure being recessed inwardly include micropore or
Very low power.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, wherein：Surface shape of the micro-structure being recessed inwardly in hard wear-resistant coating
At periodic array.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, wherein：In periodic array, the micro-structure being recessed inwardly is expert at
Column direction is parallel.
5. method according to claim 1-4, wherein：Between two adjacent micro-structures being recessed inwardly
Distance be 100 μm of -1mm.
6. according to the method described in claim 2, wherein：In step 2, the shape of the micropore includes cylindrical or square column
Shape.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein：In step 2, in hard by the way of laser boring or scanning
The surface of wear-resistant coating prepares the micro-structure being recessed inwardly.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein：The raw material composition of first coating includes aluminium oxide or silicon carbide.
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| CN106086766B (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2019-01-04 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | A kind of preparation method of high wear-resistant low-friction coefficient thermal Sperayed Ceramic Coatings |
| CN107142476B (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2023-09-29 | 深圳大学 | Self-lubricating wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN110653436B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-07-28 | 常州工学院 | Brush plating-electric spark deposition composite strengthening processing method |
| CN110983228A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-10 | 广东省新材料研究所 | Tungsten carbide coating with surface microstructure, preparation method and application thereof, and workpiece with coating |
| CN111571435A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-25 | 洛阳Lyc轴承有限公司 | double-V-shaped floating self-aligning supporting structure and machining method of middle supporting block of double-V-shaped floating self-aligning supporting structure |
| CN115323300B (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-04-07 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Fretting damage resistance protection method for titanium alloy paired friction pair |
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Address after: 100024 North East military villa, eight Li bridge, Chaoyang District, Beijing Patentee after: China Institute of Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Address before: 100024 North East military villa, eight Li bridge, Chaoyang District, Beijing Patentee before: Beijing Aviation Manufacturing Engineering Institute of China Aviation Industry Group Company |
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