CN107801731B

CN107801731B - Sesame thinning agent and application method thereof in sesame planting

Info

Publication number: CN107801731B
Application number: CN201711147241.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汪强; 赵莉; 林勇翔; 张袆; 徐桂珍
Original assignee: Institute Of Crops Anhui Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute Of Crops Anhui Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2017-11-03
Filing date: 2017-11-17
Publication date: 2020-04-17
Anticipated expiration: 2037-11-17
Also published as: CN107801731A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of sesame planting, in particular to a sesame thinning agent and an application method thereof in sesame planting. The invention provides a sesame thinning agent which comprises, by weight, 0.17% -0.25% of glyphosate ammonium salt, 0.5-1% of 2,4-D and 99.65% -99.78% of water. The sesame thinning agent provided by the invention is used for thinning sesame fields, is simple and convenient to operate, can replace manual work to perform mechanical operation, and saves labor cost. The invention also provides a planting application method of the sesame thinning agent used for thinning and weeding sesame in a broadcast sowing field or weeding sesame in a drill sowing field, which can save thinning and weeding labor by 2-3 per mu on average and save the production cost by more than 100 yuan per mu.

Description

Sesame thinning agent and application method thereof in sesame planting

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of sesame planting, in particular to a sesame thinning agent and an application method thereof in sesame planting.

Background

Sesame is one of main oil crops in China, the perennial planting area is 1000 ten thousand mu, the single yield and the total yield of the sesame are at the top of the world, and the sesame is a dominant crop in agricultural structure adjustment and also a traditional export-earning crop. China has excellent sesame quality, the nutritional and health-care values of the sesame are favored at home and abroad, in recent years, the consumption of the sesame greatly rises at home, more than 130 million tons are consumed every year, and more than 50 percent of the sesame depends on import. Sesame products in China are insufficient in supply, and with the promotion of agricultural marketization, modernization and internationalization, sesame production meets unprecedented challenges, wherein high planting cost and low mechanization degree are main bottlenecks.

Sesame is a small-seed crop, the weight of a thousand seeds is only about 3.0g, 30-35 thousand seeds are planted per kilogram of seeds, the planting density suitable for the main production areas of Huanghuai and Jianghuai is 1-2 ten thousand plants/mu, and in order to ensure sufficient seedlings in the traditional production mode, a large seeding quantity (0.5-0.75 kg/mu) is generally adopted to ensure full seedlings, and then the suitable seedling density is achieved through multiple times of manual thinning.

Although a method for thinning treatment by using the clomazone in the sesame seedling stage is adopted in the prior art, the clomazone has small influence on the root system of weeds due to contact herbicide of stems and leaves, weeds grow out again soon after thinning treatment by using the clomazone in the sesame seedling stage, and the weeding effect is poor; in addition, the country has banned the cratawn. And when other types of herbicides are used for thinning the sesame, the herbicide is very easy to spread to the seedling remaining area, so that the sesame seedlings in the seedling remaining area die. Therefore, the application of other types of herbicides for sesame thinning does not appear in the actual sesame production at present.

In addition, the variety of weeds in the sesame field is wide, and weeds grow in the whole growth period. The sesame seed production method has the advantages that the sesame seed production method is large in quantity and common in occurrence, and the sesame seed production method competes for light, fertilizer and water with sesame seeds in the sesame seed production process, so that the yield and the quality of the sesame seeds are directly influenced. And weeds are hosts of certain pests and diseases, and objectively promote the occurrence and spread of the pests and diseases. The weeds with large amount in the field include eclipta prostrata, acalypha australis, purslane, quinoa, xanthium sibiricum, cyperus rotundus, crab grass, eleusine indica, barnyard grass, moleplant seed, wild oat, green bristlegrass and the like. Sesame grows slowly in the seedling stage, and about 40 days are needed from the seedling emergence to the row sealing. During the period, the positive value is high temperature and high humidity, the weeds grow fast, the varieties are many, the occurrence amount is large, and the harm is serious. Manual weeding and thinning in this period usually need 2-3 times, and labor intensity is large, and labor and time are wasted.

A great number of reports on weeding in the seedling stage of sesame are available at present. Researches on Liu Ming Shuo and the like (1991), Zhou Zhong Xiang (1996) and leather leaping (2012) show that 80-100 ml/mu of 48% trifluralin missible oil is selected for soil treatment before sowing, 30-50 kg of water is added, then the mixture is uniformly sprayed on the soil surface, and then the soil is mixed for 3-5 cm in depth, so that 1-year-old gramineous weeds and part of broadleaf weeds can be prevented and removed; after sowing, before emergence of seedlings, 130-180 ml/mu of 48% Du Er missible oil or 150-250 ml/mu of 48% inhaul cable missible oil is mixed with 40-60 kg of water and then sprayed on the soil surface, and 1-year-old gramineous weeds and part of broadleaf weeds can be prevented and removed; after sesame seedlings emerge, 10.8% of high-efficiency Geranium emulsifiable concentrate and 15% of fine stabilized herbicide emulsifiable concentrate or 5% of Secale graminearum are added with water for spraying in the 2-4 leaf period of weeds, so that the weeding composition has a good control effect on 1-year and perennial gramineous weeds (Roxburgh reevesii et al, 2014; Guanoliyun, 2013). So far, sesame weeds are mainly controlled from preemergence to seedling stage (Zhangxianmei, 2009; Wangyixue, 2014), and the herbicide suitable for controlling broadleaf weeds in sesame fields is few, most of the herbicides easily cause phytotoxicity to sesame, and the herbicide is applied carefully.

Because the prior art lacks suitable seedling thinning agent, herbicide and weeding technology for sesame production, the seedling thinning and weeding always depend on manual operation. Labor cost for artificial thinning and weeding in the whole growth period accounts for about one third of the total production cost, the labor cost per mu is 120-200 yuan, physical labor is heavy, seedling wasteland and grass wasteland are easy to cause in case of continuous rainy weather in the seedling period, even heavy plowing and heavy planting are caused, and loss is serious.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a sesame thinning agent and an application method thereof in sesame planting, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the efficient thinning and the simple operation can replace manual mechanical operation, and the labor cost is saved.

The invention provides a sesame thinning agent which comprises, by weight, 0.17% -0.25% of glyphosate ammonium salt, 0.5-1% of 2,4-D and 99.65% -99.78% of water.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the sesame thinning agent, which comprises the following steps: and mixing the ammonium glyphosate, the 2,4-D and the water to obtain the sesame thinning agent.

The invention also provides a sesame field seedling method, wherein the sesame thinning agent is applied to a thinning area of a sesame field in the 2-3 pairs of true leaf period of sesame.

Preferably, the using amount of the sesame thinning agent in the thinning zone is 40-50L/mu.

Preferably, the row spacing of the sesame field divided into thinning areas without seedlings is 50-60 cm; the row spacing of the remaining seedlings in the non-thinning area is 20-30 cm.

Preferably, the sesame field is subjected to soil preparation and grass pressing and soil sealing before sowing.

Preferably, the sesame field is a broadcast sowing field with the seedling number of 4-5 ten thousand plants/mu.

The invention also provides a planting method of the broadcast sowing field sesame, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) performing land preparation and grass pressing before sowing the sesame seeds;

(2) sowing seeds in the sesame field after land preparation and grass pressing;

(3) sealing the soil of the sesame field after sowing and before emergence of seedlings;

(4) 2-3 thinning the sesame seeds in the true leaf stage by adopting the method of any one of claims 2-5;

(5) after the thinning, weeding before encapsulation.

Preferably, the sesame variety resistant to close planting is selected for seeding in the step (2).

Preferably, the sowing in the step (2) adopts double-layer sowing.

Preferably, metolachlor or acetochlor is selected as a sealing treatment agent for soil sealing in the step (3).

Preferably, the weeding of step (5) comprises: the new weed growing in the thinning stage after thinning and before capsule is killed by using the sesame thinning agent.

The invention also provides a planting method of the sesame in the drill seeding field, which comprises the following steps:

(a) preparing soil before sowing sesame;

(b) carrying out wide-narrow row drill seeding in the land-prepared sesame field;

(c) sealing the soil of the drill seeding field after sowing and before emergence of seedlings;

(d) in the 3-5 leaf stage of weeds, the sesame thinning agent of claim 1 is used for removing weeds among broad rows

(e) And (6) harvesting.

Preferably, the land preparation in the step (a) further comprises ditching and ridging (ridging), and the ridge height is 15-20 cm.

Preferably, the wide row spacing of the wide-narrow row drill in the step (b) is 60-65 cm, and the narrow row spacing is 15-20 cm.

Has the advantages that:

the invention provides a sesame thinning agent compounded by glyphosate ammonium salt and 2, 4-D. The glyphosate ammonium salt has strong systemic conductivity, can be absorbed by green parts of plants and conducted to roots till the whole plants, prevents the photosynthesis of the plants from causing death, and can be mutually synergistic by being compounded with high-concentration 2, 4-D. The sesame thinning agent disclosed by the invention is used for broadcasting field thinning, chemical thinning is realized, deep weeding can be realized, the regeneration of weeds in a thinning area is avoided, the operation is simple and convenient, manual mechanical operation can be replaced, and the labor cost is saved.

The sesame thinning agent provided by the invention has safe and efficient sesame field thinning and weeding functions. The sesame thinning agent has strong systemic property, is used for weeding in the early growth stage of sesame, can be absorbed by green tissues of stems and leaves and conducted to stems and roots, can prevent and remove perennial deep-rooted weeds and roots, can prevent and remove annual and perennial gramineous weeds, cyperaceae and broad-leaved weeds, and is thorough in thinning and weeding without re-spraying.

In the invention, the sesame thinning agent is applied to a broadcast sowing field for 2-3 directional pesticide spraying in the true leaf period, and sesame seedlings and weeds in thinning lines treated by the agent are all dead; the drill field is sprayed with the pesticide in a directional mode in the middle of a wide row, and all the weeds treated by the pesticide die, so that the effects of thinning and weeding are achieved. By using the sesame planting method provided by the invention, 2-3 thinning-out weeding workers can be saved per mu on average, and the production cost is saved by more than 100 yuan per mu.

The invention adopts high-quality, high-yield, close planting-resistant and lodging-resistant sesame varieties, is suitable for thinning by glyphosate and 2,4-D compound reagent, has high seedling density and elasticity, basically has no influence on the yield within the range of 1-2 ten thousand plants per mu density, is beneficial to high and stable yield, and is also beneficial to mechanized field management and harvest in the middle and later periods.

The technology used by the invention is simple and convenient, and has wide adaptability; the method is a bold innovation in the thinking and the method, overcomes the technical difficulty of the thinning and weeding of the sesame, and opens up a new way for simplifying thinning and weeding of the sesame.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the method for broadcasting sesame seeds to field seedlings according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a route chart of the sesame thinning agent and the application method thereof in sesame planting according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The sesame thinning agent provided by the invention comprises 0.17-0.25% of glyphosate ammonium salt by mass, preferably 0.18-0.22%, and more preferably 0.20%. In the invention, the ammonium glyphosate can kill sesame seedlings in a thinning area 2-3 pairs of main leaf stages. Under the condition of directional spraying, the fertilizer can be absorbed by green tissues of sesame and weed stems and leaves and conducted to stems and roots, and the aim of killing various weeds with roots simultaneously during thinning is achieved. The glyphosate ammonium salt can prevent and kill annual and perennial grassy weeds, cyperaceae and broadleaf weeds, and the thinning and weeding are thorough without re-spraying. Because the glyphosate ammonium salt acts in a systemic mode, the glyphosate ammonium salt cannot transversely diffuse to the loss of sesame seedlings in other areas after directional anti-floating spraying.

The sesame thinning agent provided by the invention comprises 2,4-D with the mass percentage of 0.5-1 per mill, preferably 0.7-0.9 per mill, and more preferably 0.8 per mill. In the invention, the 2,4-D is a phytohormone herbicide which is compounded with ammonium glyphosate in the selected concentration range of the invention, so that the synergistic effect of killing the seedlings and various broadleaf weeds in the thinning zone can be achieved.

The sesame thinning agent provided by the invention comprises 99.65-99.78 wt% of water, preferably 99.67-99.77 wt%, wherein the water can be tap water, preferably deionized water. In the present invention, the water functions to effectively disperse the components of the sesame thinning agent so that the effective components in the sesame thinning agent reach a suitable concentration. Meanwhile, the sesame thinning agent is used as a liquid medicament and is convenient to directionally spray.

The sources of the ammonium glyphosate, the 2,4-D and the water are not particularly limited, and the glyphosate and the water can be obtained by conventional commercial products. The preparation method of the sesame thinning agent is not particularly limited, and the sesame thinning agent can be prepared by mixing the ammonium glyphosate, the 2,4-D and the water.

The invention provides a field seedling method for sesame, which is characterized in that the sesame thinning agent is applied to a thinning area in the 2-3 pairs of true leaf periods of sesame. Preferably, thinning is carried out on sesame 2 in the true leaf stage (12-15 days after sowing). At the moment, sesame seedlings are small, weeds are also in the 5-leaf stage, the drug resistance is weak, and the sesame seedlings and the weeds can be easily absorbed and killed after the pesticide is sprayed.

In the invention, the using amount of the sesame thinning agent in the thinning zone is preferably 40-50L/mu, and more preferably 45L/mu. The using amount can achieve good thinning effect, and the thinning agent cannot be transversely diffused underground, so that the seedlings in the seedling remaining area are prevented from being damaged.

In the invention, the row spacing of the sesame field seedling area is preferably 50-60cm, and more preferably 55 cm; the row spacing of the non-thinning zone is 20-30 cm, and more preferably 25 cm. The method sprays the thinning agent in the thinning area, and the spraying width is preferably 40-50 cm, and more preferably 45 cm. After spraying for 5-7 days, grass-free thinning areas with the width of 50-60cm can be formed on thinning lines. In a more specific embodiment of the present invention, the thinning zone is also called thinning row or thinning weeding row; the non-thinning area is also called a seedling-remaining row or a seedling-remaining belt.

In the invention, before sowing, the sesame field is preferably subjected to soil preparation and grass pressing and pre-emergence soil sealing. Soil sealing refers to the inhibition or killing of germinating weeds in a field by applying a soil treatment herbicide. Preferably, the soil treatment herbicide is metolachlor or acetochlor. More preferably, the invention uses 50% acetochlor or 96% metolachlor in the amount of 0.1-0.2 liter/mu, adds 45-55 liters of water, and sprays the mixture on the soil surface uniformly, thus preventing and killing most weeds in the seedling stage.

In the invention, the sesame field is preferably a broadcast sowing field with the seedling number of 4-5 ten thousand plants/mu, and more preferably 4.5 ten thousand plants/mu. Under the planting density, the survival space of weeds among sesame plants can be effectively reduced and compressed.

The sesame thinning agent is used for thinning and weeding sesame broadcasting fields, and the number of seedlings per mu is required to reach 1.5-2.0 ten thousand; after spraying the pesticide, timely performing field management such as topdressing, pest control and artificial removal of weeds at the roots of sesame plants, and the number of remained seedlings per mu reaches 1.0-2.0 ten thousand. The invention has simple operation, can replace manual work to carry out mechanical operation, and saves labor cost. The land-saving weeding machine saves 2-3 labors for thinning and weeding per mu averagely, saves the production cost by more than 100 yuan per mu, and can effectively control weeds in the 'seedling wasteland' and the whole growth period.

In the invention, the anti-drift pesticide spraying machine with the cover is preferably adopted for precise pesticide spraying, and the pesticide spraying direction, the width and the dosage are controlled. In 6-7 days before thinning out the seedlings in large area and weeding, the invention preferably carries out small-area pre-spraying within 0.3 mu, so as to fully master the spraying range, height, pesticide dosage, concentration and the like suitable for local weather, soil, variety and cultivation mode, and strictly prevent seedling injury caused by improper pesticide spraying. The sesame thinning agent provided by the invention can not be diffused to the seedling-remaining row to damage sesame seedlings under the condition of reasonable spraying amount and spraying method, but can also be diffused to a certain degree if being sprayed excessively in moist soil. Therefore, the invention preferably sprays the pesticide when the soil is dry and windless to prevent seedling damage; strict protection against phytotoxicity on humans, livestock and other crops; spraying and thinning are not suitable when wind is strong and the ground surface is wet.

The invention also provides a planting method of the broadcast sowing field sesame, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing soil and pressing grass before sowing;

(2) sowing after seed selection;

(3) sealing the soil after sowing and before emergence of seedlings;

(4) thinning the sesame field by adopting the thinning method;

(5) weeding;

(6) and (6) harvesting.

In the method for planting sesame in the broadcast sowing field, the whole land and grass pressing before sowing refers to the following steps: the root stalks and other weeds after the previous stubble is harvested are ploughed or rotary-tilled and buried in the soil. The soil preparation and grass pressing before sowing provides convenience for sesame sowing on one hand, and is favorable for decomposing rhizomes and other weeds after previous stubble harvesting by microorganisms on the other hand. As the preferred scheme, the invention selects the land with high terrain and deep soil layer, is convenient for irrigation and drainage and is planted in non-continuous cropping land; the previous crops can be wheat, rape and the like, and mechanical stubble cleaning is carried out after the previous crops are harvested; the rotary tillage depth is 20cm to turn over and press weeds. Soil preparation and seeding are preferably carried out in the morning or at the evening, so as to avoid soil moisture leakage during operation in the burning sun. The soil preparation requires that a furrow (compartment, ridge) ditch, a waist ditch, a gutter and a headland ditch are matched with a four-ditch; and (3) planting the land in a large area, and excavating an underground rat channel (a blind ditch) every 10-15 m before sowing to drain water and reduce stains. And preferably applying a compound fertilizer during land preparation, wherein the compound fertilizer is preferably 25-30 kg/mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer, and more preferably 28 kg/mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer. In the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is preferably 10-20% respectively, and more preferably 15% respectively.

In the method for planting sesame in the broadcast sowing field, before sowing, seed selection is also included. The seed selection selects a sesame variety with close planting resistance, and more preferably a sesame variety with high yield, high quality, close planting resistance, medium and short stalk and lodging resistance: in southern areas, sesame varieties such as golden jute, Ganzhi No. 5 and Zhongzhi No. 9 are selected, and the suitable sowing period is from 4 to 7 in the middle of the month; sesame varieties such as Anhui sesame No. 2, Yuzhi Dw607, Yuzhi Ds899 and Anhui sesame No. 5 are selected in Jianghuai regions, and the sowing period is from the first ten days of 5 months to the middle ten days of 6 months. The sesame variety which is resistant to close planting is selected, so that the per mu yield of the sesame can be ensured; on the other hand, the seedling-remaining land space can be fully occupied at a larger density, and the growth of other weeds is reduced or avoided by the competitive power of the seedlings.

In the broadcast sowing field sesame planting method, the sowing is carried out after the grass is pressed in the whole field. The sowing amount of the sesame variety with more than two levels of national standard is 0.4-0.6 kg/mu, and preferably 0.5 kg/mu. The sesame seedling emergence density under the seeding rate is high, on one hand, enough seedlings are reserved in a non-thinning area after thinning control, and on the other hand, the growth of weeds is inhibited through biological competition. Before sowing, seeds are preferably dressed with the carbendazim pesticide, the ratio of the pesticide to the seeds is preferably (0.8-1.2): 1000, more preferably 1:1000, and the seeds are sowed while being mixed. The carbendazim is adopted for seed dressing, so that diseases such as stem blight, blight and the like of sesame at the seedling stage can be relieved, and the whole seedling can be ensured to be sown once.

In the method for planting sesame in the broadcast sowing field, the sowing preferably adopts double-layer broadcasting: and (3) directly broadcasting seeds for the first time when the weeds are less after the previous crops are harvested and the seeds for the first time are in the ground tide, wherein the seed consumption of the first time of broadcasting accounts for 45-55% of the total seed consumption, and the preferred seed consumption is 50%. After the first sowing, shallow rotation is carried out, then the rest seeds are all sowed, and the seeds are raked lightly to preserve soil moisture. If the weeds are more, the ground surface is dry and hard, the stubble is high or the rape stubble is in the land, deep spinning grass is carried out once, the seeds are sowed for the first time through soil moisture digging, the seed consumption of the first time of sowing accounts for 45-55% of the total seed consumption, and the preferable seed consumption is 50%; after the first sowing, ditching, ridging (compartment and ridge) and shallow rotation are carried out, then the second manual sowing is carried out, namely, all the remaining seeds are sowed, and after the sowing, the shallow harrow is covered with soil, and the sowing amount is properly increased. On one hand, the double-layer broadcast sowing method can avoid seedling shortage and ridge breaking caused by uneven sowing, uneven covering soil or inconsistent sowing depth and the like; on the other hand, the seedlings of the seeds under the first-time moisture-digging sowing are favorable to emerge when the seeds encounter drought after sowing, thereby ensuring the full seedlings are sowed at one time.

In the method for planting sesame in the broadcast sowing field, soil sealing is carried out after sowing and before emergence of seedlings. The broadcast sowing sesame field is preferably subjected to soil preparation and grass pressing and soil sealing before sowing. Soil sealing refers to the inhibition or killing of germinating weeds in a field by applying a soil treatment herbicide. Preferably, the soil treatment herbicide is metolachlor or acetochlor. More preferably, the invention uses 50% acetochlor or 96% metolachlor in the amount of 0.1-0.2 liter/mu, adds 45-55 liters of water, and sprays the mixture on the soil surface uniformly, thus preventing and killing most weeds in the seedling stage.

In the broadcast sowing field sesame planting method, after emergence of seedlings, thinning is carried out by adopting the sesame broadcast sowing field thinning method.

The method for planting the sesame in the broadcast sowing field further comprises a weeding step. The weeding comprises killing weeds newly growing in the thinning row after thinning and before capsulizing, monocotyledonous weeds growing in the root of the seedling-remaining row plants, and broadleaf weeds such as dayflower.

The sesame thinning agent is preferably used for killing weeds in thinning lines, has strong systemic property and long lasting period, can prevent and kill annual and perennial deep-rooted weeds, cyperaceae and broadleaf weeds, and can thoroughly weed thinning and weed removal without re-spraying.

According to the invention, preferably, 40 ml/mu of 12.5% of Geranium cyrtonema emulsifiable concentrate or 40kg of 5% of quizalofop-p-ethyl 100 ml/mu of water is added to prevent and kill monocotyledonous weeds at the roots of plants in seedling rows; the direct manual clearing mode is adopted for broadleaf weeds such as dayflower and the like.

As a preferred embodiment, the method provided by the invention additionally applies 3-5 kg of urea per mu after thinning and spraying; and (3) preventing diseases and insects in the full-bloom stage, and spraying 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% of borax liquid on the leaf surfaces for 1-2 times. The prevention and control of diseases, insect stains and drought damages are enhanced, water is drained in time after rain, and the stain damages caused after rain and shade rain are strictly prevented; the bactericide is used for preventing and treating diseases such as stem blight and blight, carbendazim and thiophanate methyl are selected at the early stage of disease occurrence, and the whole field plant is sprayed for 2-3 times at intervals of 5-7 days. The imidacloprid and deltamethrin are sprayed to kill three-instar larvae for 2 times in the evening, so that the insecticidal effect is good.

And finally, harvesting timely.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the chemical control thinning method for sesame broadcasting field according to the present invention, wherein a 'broadcasting field furrow' is reserved for soil preparation and is used for drainage, field operation walkways, etc.; the 'thinning weeding row after spraying' and 'seedling remaining belt after spraying' are the grass-free thinning area with the width of 50-60cm and the non-thinning area with the width of 20-30 cm formed on the spraying thinning row after spraying 5-7 days on the sesame field.

The invention also provides a planting method of the sesame in the drill seeding field, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(a) preparing soil before sowing;

(c) sealing the soil after sowing and before emergence of seedlings;

(d) in the 3-5 leaf stage of weeds, the sesame thinning agent is used for removing weeds in wide rows;

(e) and (6) harvesting.

In the method for planting sesame in the drill seeding field, the land preparation in the step (a) further comprises ditching and ridging (ridging), and the height of each ridge is 15-20 cm. The ridge height is set to be beneficial to field drainage and prevent sesame from being stained after heavy rain. The row spacing of the wide rows of the wide-and-narrow-row drill in the step (b) is preferably 60-65 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is preferably 15-20 cm. The row spacing arrangement is beneficial to the field mechanical operation of spraying, mechanical intertillage, harvesting and the like.

In the method for planting sesame in the drill seeding field, the seed consumption per mu of the seeding in the step (b) is 0.3-0.4 kg, and the seedling number per mu is 2-3 ten thousand.

In the method for planting sesame in a drill seeding field of the present invention, the seeding in step (b) is preferably machine drill (hole) seeding. As a more specific implementation mode, after previous stubbles are harvested in Jianghuai and Huanghuai areas, the first deep-rotation sowing-free process is carried out, and the second shallow-rotation sowing process is carried out, so that synchronous completion of rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing, ditching and pressing is realized. In northwest area, mechanical film spreading wide and narrow row hill seeding can be adopted, and in northeast and northChina area, ridge forming wide and narrow row (hill) seeding can be adopted.

In the method for planting the sesame in the drill seeding field, soil sealing is carried out after seeding and before emergence of seedlings. The soil sealing employs a sealing treatment agent to inhibit or kill germinating weeds in the field. Preferably, the blocking treatment agent is metolachlor and/or acetochlor. More preferably, the invention uses 50% acetochlor or 96% metolachlor in the dosage of 0.1-0.2 liter/mu, adds 45-55 liters of water, and sprays the mixture on the soil surface evenly, and can prevent and kill most weeds in the seedling stage.

The method for planting sesame in the drill seeding field comprises a step of weeding in a growing period. The weed removal in the growing period is preferably performed in the 3-5 leaf period of the weeds, and the sesame thinning agent is used for removing the weeds in the wide rows. . Specifically, the method comprises the steps of spraying ammonium glyphosate and a 2,4-D compound reagent in the middle of wide rows and in a ditch in a directional mode by using a shrouded anti-floating pesticide spraying machine on weeds appearing 20 days after emergence of seedlings in a strip-planted field, spraying the herbicide with the width of 40-50 cm, and killing weeds in the wide rows and the ditch as long as the herbicide is not sprayed on sesame stems and leaves.

Fig. 2 is a route chart of the sesame thinning agent and the application method thereof in sesame planting according to the present invention. The method comprises the steps of firstly developing chemical thinning and weeding reagents (thinning agents) and screening a density-resistant planted sesame variety; carrying out soil preparation and grass pressing treatment on the planted sesame field; the sowing field adopts double-layer sowing, the drill sowing field adopts wide-narrow row sowing, and soil sealing treatment is carried out before seedlings are sowed; in the sowing field, 2-3 main leaf periods are sprayed with a thinning agent in an interlaced and directional mode for thinning, and the growing period of the drill field is sprayed with a directional pesticide in a wide row for weeding; and field management such as additional fertilization, pest control and the like is enhanced in the middle and later periods, and timely harvest is carried out.

The following will explain in detail a sesame thinning agent and its application method in sesame planting provided by the present invention with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Taking 515.2ml of 33% ammonium glyphosate aqua (the pure content of the ammonium glyphosate is 170.0g) and 58.8g of 85% 2,4-D powder (the pure content of the 2,4-D is 50.0g), adding water to dilute by 5 times to prepare mother liquor, and then adding water to dilute to 100L to prepare the sesame thinning agent.

Example 2

757.6ml of 33% ammonium glyphosate aqua (the pure content of ammonium glyphosate is 250.0g) and 117.4g of 85% 2,4-D powder (the pure content of 2,4-D is 100.0g) are taken, water is added for dilution by 5 times to prepare mother liquor, and then water is added for dilution to 100L, so that the sesame thinning agent is prepared.

Example 3

606.1ml of 33% ammonium glyphosate aqua (the pure content of ammonium glyphosate is 200.0g) and 94.1g of 85% 2,4-D powder (the pure content of 2,4-D is 80.0g) are diluted by 5 times by adding water to prepare mother liquor, and then the mother liquor is diluted to 100L by adding water to prepare the sesame thinning agent.

Example 4

Harvesting the previous stubble and then rotary tillage and grass pressing; selecting a Wanzhi No. 2 sesame variety with high quality, high yield, close planting resistance and lodging resistance; sowing in the sowing field in a double-layer sowing mode, wherein 4 ten thousand seedlings are sowed per mu;

after sowing, before seedling, 50% acetochlor is added with 50 liters of water in an amount of 0.5 liter/mu, and the mixture is uniformly sprayed on the soil surface to seal the soil;

and (3) spraying the sesame thinning agent prepared in the embodiment 1-3 every 80cm by using a sprayer with a cover when the sesame grows to 2-3 pairs of true leaves, spraying the sesame thinning agent with the width of 45cm, and forming a grass-free thinning row with the width of 50-60cm and a seedling-remaining belt with the width of 20-30 cm alternately after 5-7 days of spraying. The number of seedlings per mu reaches 1-2 ten thousand.

4kg of urea is topdressed per mu after spraying the seedlings; in the full-bloom stage, diseases and insects are prevented, and 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% of borax liquid are sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 2 times; draining water in time after rain, and strictly preventing waterlogging caused after continuous rainy days; preventing and treating diseases such as stem blight and wilt, selecting carbendazim and thiophanate methyl at the initial stage of disease occurrence, and spraying the whole plant of the whole field for 2 times at intervals of 6 days; the method is characterized in that the method is used for preventing and treating cutworm, aphid, sesamoid moth, lygus bugs and other insect pests, imidacloprid and deltamethrin are sprayed to kill three-instar larvae, and the spraying is carried out for 2 times in the evening.

Harvesting at proper time.

Table 1: dilution factor screening test questionnaire for broadcast sowing field sesame thinning agent

Note: the experiment was carried out in 2016, and the sesame seed variety used was Anhui Zhi No. 2.

The results show that: the sesame thinning agent provided by the invention is used for thinning, so that the seedling protecting rate is highest; compared with a glyphosate ammonium salt single agent, the sesame thinning agent provided by the invention has a wider control spectrum and better control effect on weeds (such as sparganium stoloniferum) which are difficult to control. The comparative results of the thinning agents described in examples 1-3 show that: the sesame thinning agent provided by the embodiment 3 of the invention has the best effect.

Example 5

Sowing the seeds in a field, harvesting the previous stubble, and then carrying out rotary tillage and grass pressing; the method is characterized in that wide and narrow rows are adopted, the wide row spacing is 63cm, and the narrow row spacing is 15 cm; selecting a Wanzhi No. 2 sesame variety with high quality, high yield, close planting resistance and lodging resistance; 2-3 thousands of seedlings per mu;

in the 3-5 leaf period of wide-row weeds, directionally spraying the sesame thinning agent prepared in the embodiment 1-3 in the middle of the wide rows and in the ditches by using a covered anti-floating pesticide sprayer, spraying the pesticide with the width of 45cm, and killing weeds in the rows and the ditches;

applying 4kg of urea per mu when the sesame seedlings are in the 2-3 leaf stage; in the full-bloom stage, diseases and insects are prevented, and 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% of borax liquid are sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 2 times; draining water in time after rain, and strictly preventing waterlogging caused after continuous rainy days; preventing and treating diseases such as stem blight and wilt, selecting carbendazim and thiophanate methyl at the initial stage of disease occurrence, and spraying the whole plant of the whole field for 2 times at intervals of 6 days; the method is characterized in that the method is used for preventing and treating cutworm, aphid, sesamoid moth, lygus bugs and other insect pests, imidacloprid and deltamethrin are sprayed to kill three-instar larvae, and the spraying is carried out for 2 times in the evening.

Harvesting at proper time.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sesame thinning agent comprises, by weight, 0.17-0.25% of glyphosate ammonium salt, 0.5-1% of 2,4-D and 99.65-99.78% of water.

2. A method of preparing a sesame thinning agent according to claim 1, wherein said ammonium glyphosate, said 2,4-D and said water are mixed to obtain a sesame thinning agent.

3. A method for field seedling of sesame, characterized in that the sesame thinning agent of claim 1 is applied to a thinning area of a sesame field at the 2-3 pairs of true leaf stage of sesame.

4. The sesame field seedling method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the amount of the sesame thinning agent used in the thinning zone is 40-50L/mu.

5. The field seedling method of sesame as claimed in claim 3, wherein the row spacing of the thinning zone without seedlings is 50-60 cm; the row spacing of the remaining seedlings in the non-thinning area is 20-30 cm.

6. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sesame field is land preparation and grass pressing and pre-emergence soil sealing before sowing.

7. The sesame field seedling method according to claim 3, wherein the sesame field is a broadcast sowing field with the seedling number of 4-5 ten thousand plants/mu.

8. The method for planting the broadcast-sown field sesame is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(2) sowing seeds in the sesame field after land preparation and grass pressing;

(4) 2-3 thinning the sesame seeds in the true leaf stage by adopting the method of any one of claims 3-5;

(5) after the thinning, weeding before encapsulation.

9. The method for planting sesame in a broadcast field according to claim 8, wherein the weeding in the step (5) comprises: the use of the sesame thinning agent according to claim 1 for exterminating weeds newly grown in post-thinning and pre-capsulizing thinning rows.

10. A method for planting sesame in drill seeding fields is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(a) preparing soil before sowing sesame;

(c) sealing the soil of the strip-sowing field after sowing and before emergence of seedlings;

(d) in the 3-5 leaf stage of weeds, the sesame thinning agent of claim 1 is used for removing weeds among broad rows.