CN107759236A - 熔铸莫来石砖的生产工艺 - Google Patents

熔铸莫来石砖的生产工艺 Download PDF

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CN107759236A
CN107759236A CN201610690946.4A CN201610690946A CN107759236A CN 107759236 A CN107759236 A CN 107759236A CN 201610690946 A CN201610690946 A CN 201610690946A CN 107759236 A CN107759236 A CN 107759236A
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魏晓敏
王小东
魏银兴
董运昆
杨继伟
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ZHENGZHOU DONGFANG ANCAI REFRACTORY CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了熔铸莫来石砖的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:(1)、选取原料并配料;(2)、对原料进行熔融;(3)、浇注;(4)、热处理,分为结晶和退火两个阶段;①结晶,②退火,即铸件制品的冷却;(5)、对铸件制品进行机械加工。本发明为了解决制品的开裂问题,经多次试验,通过使用高纯原材料,调整熔融工艺,以及对模具制作工艺进行改良,并采取先进的保温退火办法,从而有效解决了制品产生的裂纹问题。

Description

熔铸莫来石砖的生产工艺
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料生产技术领域,尤其涉及熔铸莫来石砖的生产工艺。
背景技术
铸莫来石砖是以莫来石为主晶相的硅铝系耐火制品。由于莫来石砖的主晶相为莫来石,因此莫来石的耐火度在1850℃左右,荷重软化温度高,高温蠕变率低,抗热震性好,耐酸性腐蚀。用于很多窑炉的上部结构,供料机的上层结构。
熔铸莫来石砖主要由高铝矾土或工业氧化铝、粘土或硅石进行配料,在电弧炉内熔融,再浇铸成型及退火制成,其主要矿物成分是莫来石。莫来石组成为3Al2O3·2SiO2~2Al2O3·SiO2,熔融温度约为1827-1890℃间,硬度大。当其高温熔液冷却析晶时,会产生粗大不均匀的结晶倾向,使熔铸制品产生裂缝或裂纹。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术中的不足之处,提供一种充分降低甚至杜绝熔铸制品产生裂缝或裂纹的熔铸莫来石砖的生产工艺。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:熔铸莫来石砖的生产工艺,包括以下步骤,
(1)、选取原料并配料:选用优质高铝矾土、优质铁矾土、进口优质氧化铝及粘土为原料;确保原料中的铝硅系数,即配料中Al2O3和SiO2质量比为2.3-2.9;还原剂加入量视原料中Fe203含量而定,确保还原lkg的铁使用0.2-0.25kg的活性炭,即在配料中加入适量木屑;将原料加入到双螺旋混料机中搅拌均匀;
(2)、熔融:将搅拌均匀的原料加入全自动控制的三相电弧炉,采用低电压、高电流电力制度,一般电压为150~190V, 电流强度达1600~2000A,熔融温度在1900~2200℃之间;
(3)、浇注:将熔液注入预设定形状和尺寸的模型中,经冷却成为有一定形状和尺寸的结构致密、组织均一的铸件制品,铸件制品应具有精确的尺寸,以便使加工量最小;浇注用模型是以纯度较高的石英砂,即型砂SiO2的含量>98.5%,并加入占总重量5-8%的结合剂,混合成型后再干燥而成;
(4)、热处理,分为结晶和退火两个阶段;①结晶:对于熔铸莫来石制品,铸件制品内部的莫来石结晶呈纤维状或细小晶粒,均匀分布;决定晶粒大小的主要因素是冷却速度;从Al2O3-SiO2系平衡图的研究可知,莫来石为一致熔融化合物,从熔液中直接凝固析晶,并不预先析出刚玉;但是当熔液中含有一定数量的熔剂时,熔融物在冷却时首先析出刚玉,而莫来石晶体要在1750~1800℃以下才开始稳定地析出;应保持在熔融物开始析晶到1800℃之间的温度范围内迅速冷却,而在低于莫来石开始析晶的温度,给予适当的保温时间,充分的缓慢冷却,以使早期析出的刚玉晶粒有足够时间与熔液作用形成莫来石,从而使制品中的莫来石有最大的含量;
②退火,即铸件制品的冷却;析晶后铸件制品在冷却过程中,由于各部分散热不均匀,使铸件制品内部存在温度梯度,产生很大应力,会造成开裂或缺棱、缺角的废品;冷却速度越大,废品产生的倾向也越大;因此,铸件必须缓慢冷却,自然退火是依靠模型外部的良好隔热层,采用蛭石作隔热保温材料层;冷却速度由隔热层的厚度来调整;缓冷温度范围,主要是在1800~1100℃,缓冷速度一般控制在60~70℃/h。
(5)、对铸件制品进行机械加工:由于模型的形状不够精确,并且在浇铸时上下收缩不一致,会产生缩孔,以及铸口及表面皱折,均需进行切割加工,才能使用;但由于铸件硬度很大,加工很困难,通常采用酚醛树脂结合的粗粒金刚石砂轮进行切割。
所述步骤(1)中含有的Fe203、TiO2、CaO的重量百分比分别限定为:Fe203<1.5%,TiO2<3.0%,CaO<1.0%;高铝矾土和铁矾土原料在配料前进行预烧,排除结构水,以避免在电弧炉内因水蒸汽集中分解排出时,产生爆鸣并引起喷溅。
采用上述技术方案,正确选择配料组成是制取莫来石含量高,刚玉和玻璃相少的熔铸制品的重要工艺条件。配料的铝硅系数(Al2O3/SiO2质量比)表征配料中Al2O3和SiO2的相对含量。从理论上分析,应该采用莫来石固溶体临界组成时的铝硅系数(2.8~2.9)。但在高温熔融时,Si02的挥发和还原反应要消耗一部分SiO2,使配料中Al2O3的含量相对提高。因此,在实际配料中,铝硅系数的控制值比理论值低,一般可取2.5左右。还原剂加入量视原料中Fe203含量而定,不宜过多,还原lkg的铁约需0.225kg的活性炭。若加入量过多,必然会使SiO2被还原的数量过多,影响莫来石数量。为使熔融过程中产生的气体易于逸出,在配料中加入适量木屑。
综上所述,本发明为了解决制品的开裂问题,经多次试验,通过使用高纯原材料,调整熔融工艺,以及对模具制作工艺进行改良,并采取先进的保温退火办法,从而有效解决了制品产生的裂纹问题。
具体实施方式
本发明的熔铸莫来石砖的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)、选取原料并配料:选用优质高铝矾土、优质铁矾土、进口优质氧化铝及粘土为原料;确保原料中的铝硅系数,即配料中Al2O3和SiO2质量比为2.3-2.9;还原剂加入量视原料中Fe203含量而定,确保还原lkg的铁使用0.2-0.25kg的活性炭,即在配料中加入适量木屑;将原料加入到双螺旋混料机中搅拌均匀;
(2)、熔融:将搅拌均匀的原料加入全自动控制的三相电弧炉,采用低电压、高电流电力制度,一般电压为150~190V, 电流强度达1600~2000A,熔融温度在1900~2200℃之间;
(3)、浇注:将熔液注入预设定形状和尺寸的模型中,经冷却成为有一定形状和尺寸的结构致密、组织均一的铸件制品,铸件制品应具有精确的尺寸,以便使加工量最小;浇注用模型是以纯度较高的石英砂,即型砂SiO2的含量>98.5%,并加入占总重量5-8%的结合剂,混合成型后再干燥而成;
(4)、热处理,分为结晶和退火两个阶段;①结晶:对于熔铸莫来石制品,铸件制品内部的莫来石结晶呈纤维状或细小晶粒,均匀分布;决定晶粒大小的主要因素是冷却速度;从Al2O3-SiO2系平衡图的研究可知,莫来石为一致熔融化合物,从熔液中直接凝固析晶,并不预先析出刚玉;但是当熔液中含有一定数量的熔剂时,熔融物在冷却时首先析出刚玉,而莫来石晶体要在1750~1800℃以下才开始稳定地析出;应保持在熔融物开始析晶到1800℃之间的温度范围内迅速冷却,而在低于莫来石开始析晶的温度,给予适当的保温时间,充分的缓慢冷却,以使早期析出的刚玉晶粒有足够时间与熔液作用形成莫来石,从而使制品中的莫来石有最大的含量;
②退火,即铸件制品的冷却;析晶后铸件制品在冷却过程中,由于各部分散热不均匀,使铸件制品内部存在温度梯度,产生很大应力,会造成开裂或缺棱、缺角的废品;冷却速度越大,废品产生的倾向也越大;因此,铸件必须缓慢冷却,自然退火是依靠模型外部的良好隔热层,采用蛭石作隔热保温材料层;冷却速度由隔热层的厚度来调整;缓冷温度范围,主要是在1800~1100℃,缓冷速度一般控制在60~70℃/h。
(5)、对铸件制品进行机械加工:由于模型的形状不够精确,并且在浇铸时上下收缩不一致,会产生缩孔,以及铸口及表面皱折,均需进行切割加工,才能使用;但由于铸件硬度很大,加工很困难,通常采用酚醛树脂结合的粗粒金刚石砂轮进行切割。
所述步骤(1)中含有的Fe203、TiO2、CaO的重量百分比分别限定为:Fe203<1.5%,TiO2<3.0%,CaO<1.0%;高铝矾土和铁矾土原料在配料前进行预烧,排除结构水,以避免在电弧炉内因水蒸汽集中分解排出时,产生爆鸣并引起喷溅。

Claims (2)

1.熔铸莫来石砖的生产工艺,其特征在于:包括以下步骤,
(1)、选取原料并配料:选用优质高铝矾土、优质铁矾土、进口优质氧化铝及粘土为原料;确保原料中的铝硅系数,即配料中Al2O3和SiO2质量比为2.3-2.9;还原剂加入量视原料中Fe203含量而定,确保还原lkg的铁使用0.2-0.25kg的活性炭,即在配料中加入适量木屑;将原料加入到双螺旋混料机中搅拌均匀;
(2)、熔融:将搅拌均匀的原料加入全自动控制的三相电弧炉,采用低电压、高电流电力制度,一般电压为150~190V, 电流强度达1600~2000A,熔融温度在1900~2200℃之间;
(3)、浇注:将熔液注入预设定形状和尺寸的模型中,经冷却成为有一定形状和尺寸的结构致密、组织均一的铸件制品,铸件制品应具有精确的尺寸,以便使加工量最小;浇注用模型是以纯度较高的石英砂,即型砂SiO2的含量>98.5%,并加入占总重量5-8%的结合剂,混合成型后再干燥而成;
(4)、热处理,分为结晶和退火两个阶段;①结晶:对于熔铸莫来石制品,铸件制品内部的莫来石结晶呈纤维状或细小晶粒,均匀分布;决定晶粒大小的主要因素是冷却速度;从Al2O3-SiO2系平衡图的研究可知,莫来石为一致熔融化合物,从熔液中直接凝固析晶,并不预先析出刚玉;但是当熔液中含有一定数量的熔剂时,熔融物在冷却时首先析出刚玉,而莫来石晶体要在1750~1800℃以下才开始稳定地析出;应保持在熔融物开始析晶到1800℃之间的温度范围内迅速冷却,而在低于莫来石开始析晶的温度,给予适当的保温时间,充分的缓慢冷却,以使早期析出的刚玉晶粒有足够时间与熔液作用形成莫来石,从而使制品中的莫来石有最大的含量;
②退火,即铸件制品的冷却;析晶后铸件制品在冷却过程中,由于各部分散热不均匀,使铸件制品内部存在温度梯度,产生很大应力,会造成开裂或缺棱、缺角的废品;冷却速度越大,废品产生的倾向也越大;因此,铸件必须缓慢冷却,自然退火是依靠模型外部的良好隔热层,采用蛭石作隔热保温材料层;冷却速度由隔热层的厚度来调整;缓冷温度范围,主要是在1800~1100℃,缓冷速度一般控制在60~70℃/h;
(5)、对铸件制品进行机械加工:由于模型的形状不够精确,并且在浇铸时上下收缩不一致,会产生缩孔,以及铸口及表面皱折,均需进行切割加工,才能使用;但由于铸件硬度很大,加工很困难,通常采用酚醛树脂结合的粗粒金刚石砂轮进行切割。
2.根据权利要求1所述的熔铸莫来石砖的生产工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中含有的Fe203、TiO2、CaO的重量百分比分别限定为:Fe203<1.5%,TiO2<3.0%,CaO<1.0%;高铝矾土和铁矾土原料在配料前进行预烧,排除结构水,以避免在电弧炉内因水蒸汽集中分解排出时,产生爆鸣并引起喷溅。
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