CN107727671A - A kind of lack of penetration detecting system of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging - Google Patents
A kind of lack of penetration detecting system of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging Download PDFInfo
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- CN107727671A CN107727671A CN201710150708.9A CN201710150708A CN107727671A CN 107727671 A CN107727671 A CN 107727671A CN 201710150708 A CN201710150708 A CN 201710150708A CN 107727671 A CN107727671 A CN 107727671A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lack of penetration detecting system of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging, including radiographic source, imaging detector, detector controller, imaging and control centre, detecting and controlling system and ray controller；The imaging and control centre electrically connect with detector controller, detecting and controlling system and ray controller respectively；The detector controller electrically connects with the imaging detector, and the ray controller electrically connects with the radiographic source.The lack of penetration detecting system of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging of the present invention can be judged by the image of imaging immediately, can value immediately, lack of penetration depth is measured by " pressure pipeline ray digital imaging is lack of penetration sounding system "；It repeatedly can quickly be imaged, without waiting for the time of developing a film, not only save the time, also save substantial amounts of film and drug expenditure, therefore, the advantage in terms of environmental protection is also that film is incomparable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pipe detection field, is more particularly, to a kind of lack of penetration detection of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging
System.
Background technology
Because China's industrial stresses pipe safety management is started late, according to census statistics wherein incomplete penetration defect proportion
It is very big, it about account for generally investigating 2/3 at total hidden danger.Therefore, for this long-term, generally existing common problem, carry out in-service pressure
Hydraulic piping defects detection and security evaluation key technology research, it is to effectively improve the in-service pressure pipeline safe condition in China and science
The key problem in technology of managerial skills.And lack of penetration depth survey is evaluated in the key point with industrial pressure pipeline grade.It is existing
The lack of penetration depth survey having mainly together utilizes film imaging using test block with fault location, then is surveyed using densitometer
Amount, due to being difficult to compare out identical blackness value, and incomplete penetration defect imaging is narrow, it is impossible to is accurately positioned blackness with densitometer
, there is the problem of " indeterminacy " in value, then be unable to accurate judgement its depth.
For this problem, using ray digital imaging technology.Ray digital imaging technology indicates X-ray detection technology
It will enter without the film epoch, and be the revolution of non-destructive testing technology.As X ray digital collection, computer store on a small quantity
With the development of broadband internet, the detection of following industrial X-ray will be provided with following features：Image digitazation, computer storage, net
Network transmission, long-range evaluation.Image is compared on computers, by the difference of gray value at different-thickness, utilizes this
One principle obtains thickness difference, and then obtains lack of penetration depth.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose a kind of lack of penetration detecting system of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging, can be solved
Certainly above mentioned problem.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
A kind of lack of penetration detecting system of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging, including radiographic source, imaging detector, detector control
Device, imaging and control centre processed, detecting and controlling system and ray controller；
The imaging and control centre electrically connect with detector controller, detecting and controlling system and ray controller respectively；
The detector controller electrically connects with the imaging detector, and the ray controller is electrically connected with the radiographic source
Connect.
Detecting system that pressure pipeline ray digital imaging is lack of penetration, in addition to supporting table, the supporting table are penetrated positioned at described
Among line source and the imaging detector.
The supporting table electrically connects with the detecting and controlling system.
The imaging and control centre include display.
The detecting and controlling system includes gray scale detection computing module.
Ray digital imaging detection system by radiographic source, examined workpiece, digital imaging device, mechanical support with transmission and
Control forms with processing system, as shown in figure 1, under radiographic source controller action, the high speed being accelerated in radiographic source electric field is electric
Son hits plate target, produces a series of electromagnetic wave of wavelength, i.e. X rays：X ray passes through object to be detected, with object atom phase
Interaction, under the effect such as photoelectric effect, Compton effect and pair effect, change partial photonic energy and direction
Become, commonly referred to as secondary photon：They enter imaging detector with the photon that direction does not change, in the sudden strain of a muscle of detector
Transformation of the X ray to visible ray to electronic signal is completed in the bright integrated-optic device such as body screen and photodiode；Finally pass through
The data signal of discretization completes the display of image in computer.
Film during image device in ray digital imaging detection system is taken a picture from radiographic film is different, its using
Digital detector system.
Pr8Fe86B6 amorphous alloy is researched and developed based on extensive amorphous silicon photodiodes high density, large scale integrated technology
X ray digital detector.It is a kind of to be imaged in a manner of light, electron accumulation as in general low-light level imaging device.Amorphous
Silicon detector includes three parts：
1) the scintillator screen of submillimeter level thickness, generally Gd2O2ST and CsI materials form；
2) photodiode array detector of the large-scale integrated coupled with scintillator screen, i.e. pixel, material are α-Si；
3) pixel reading and amplifying circuit.Fig. 2 is its ray digital imaging photoelectric conversion process.The non-crystalline silicon of this type is put down
Partitioned detector is to apply most flat panel detectors in the market.
Operation principle：X ray transillumination detector, ray photons are converted to visible ray by scintillator screen, then by the pole of photoelectricity two
Pipe array is converted to electric signal, changes and exports through A/D.Picture element signal is read line by line, and each pixel is connected to non-on TFT by one
Crystal silicon photoelectric diode forms.Each column pixel signal line is connected on general offset line jointly, towards reading circuit (amplifier)；
One-row pixels share TFT control line, are expert under the control of driving (gating circuit), open or close together, read in a line
The electric charge of all diode electric capacity storages, the charge amplifier arranged by multidiameter delay are accumulated and amplify these electric charges, digitize
The internal memory of computer is passed to afterwards.Then next line is carried out, until data row is all read.
The general principle of X-ray Testing Technology is, when the beam of even intensity irradiates object, if object partial zones
Domain existing defects or structure have differences, and it will change decay of the object to ray so that different parts transmitted ray intensity is not
Together, so, transmitted ray intensity is detected using certain radiation detector, it is possible to the defects of inside judgment object and material point
Cloth etc..
If the thickness difference for having a very little on ladder block carries out Cleaning Principle discussion, as shown in figure 3,
If：The line attenuation coefficient of μ-ladder block material；
I0- incident ray intensity；
ID, I 'DThe transmitted intensity that different parts transmit on-ladder block；
IS, I 'SThe scattered ray intensity that different parts transmit on-ladder block；
Different parts transmitted ray overall strength on I, I '-ladder block.
Due to
I=ID+IS；I'=I'D+I'S
And because Δ T is much smaller than T, it can thus be assumed that
IS=I'S
So have
Δ I=I'-I=I'D-ID
There is scattered rays to compare n in wide beam ray attenuation law
Then have
Have by monochromatic narrow beam ray attenuation law
ID=I0e-μT
I'D=I0e-μ(T+ΔT)
The line attenuation coefficient of μ in formula -- workpiece；
I0-- incident ray intensity.
Therefore have
Quote approximate formula
ex=1+x (| x | ＜ 1)
Then have
e-μΔT=1- μ Δs T
Substitute into Δ I/I expression (3-1), then have
Formula (3-2) is referred to as " object contrast ", and it constitutes the signal that X-ray Testing Technology needs to detect.Formula (3-2) is i.e.
It is the general principle relational expression of X-ray Testing Technology, it gives a small thickness difference and corresponding ray detection object contrast
Between relation.From the formula, ray is to the detectability of defect, and the ray energy, defect with use are in sensitivity of film side
The correlations such as the upward control situation of size, scattered rays.
X-ray Testing Technology is based on object contrast, and this object contrasting signal is picked up using radiation detector, and will
It is converted into ray detection image, and conclusion is judged from image information.Different types of digital radial detection technique, use
Radiation detector is different, and it is different to complete the transfer process of object contrasting signal to ray detection image, but jointly the characteristics of be,
What is finally obtained is digitized ray detection image.
Relative to prior art, the lack of penetration detecting system of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging of the present invention can be immediately
Judged by the image of imaging, can value immediately, by " pressure pipeline ray digital imaging is lack of penetration sounding system "
Measure lack of penetration depth；It repeatedly can quickly be imaged, without waiting for the time of developing a film, not only save the time, also saved
Substantial amounts of film and drug expenditure, therefore, the advantage in terms of environmental protection is also that film is incomparable.
Brief description of the drawings
The accompanying drawing for forming the part of the present invention is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Apply example and its illustrate to be used to explain the present invention, do not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the ray digital imaging detection system structure chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is X ray digital imaging process schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is ray detection basic principle schematic；
Fig. 4 is ring defect and mother metal gray scale difference trend graph；
Fig. 5 is voltage and gray scale difference trend graph；
Fig. 6 is electric current and gray scale difference trend graph；
Fig. 7 is focal length and gray scale difference trend graph；
Fig. 8 is gray scale difference trend graph under voltage 130KV；
Fig. 9 is gray scale difference trend graph under electric current 160KV.
Embodiment
It should be noted that in the case where not conflicting, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
In the description of the invention, it is to be understood that term " " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " on ", " under ",
The orientation or position relationship of the instruction such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", " vertical ", " level ", " top ", " bottom ", " interior ", " outer " are
Based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, it is for only for ease of the description present invention and simplifies description, rather than instruction or dark
Show that the device of meaning or element there must be specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, thus it is it is not intended that right
The limitation of the present invention.In addition, term " first ", " second " etc. are only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that instruction or hint phase
To importance or the implicit quantity for indicating indicated technical characteristic.Thus, the feature for defining " first ", " second " etc. can
To express or implicitly include one or more this feature.In the description of the invention, unless otherwise indicated, " multiple "
It is meant that two or more.
In the description of the invention, it is necessary to illustrate, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase
Even ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be being fixedly connected or being detachably connected, or be integrally connected；Can
To be mechanical connection or electrical connection；Can be joined directly together, can also be indirectly connected by intermediary, Ke Yishi
The connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood by concrete condition
Concrete meaning in the present invention.
Describe the present invention in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
A kind of lack of penetration detecting system of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging, including radiographic source, imaging detector, detector control
Device, imaging and control centre processed, detecting and controlling system and ray controller；
The imaging and control centre electrically connect with detector controller, detecting and controlling system and ray controller respectively；
The detector controller electrically connects with the imaging detector, and the ray controller is electrically connected with the radiographic source
Connect.
Detecting system that pressure pipeline ray digital imaging is lack of penetration, in addition to supporting table, the supporting table are penetrated positioned at described
Among line source and the imaging detector.
The supporting table electrically connects with the detecting and controlling system.
The imaging and control centre include display.
The detecting and controlling system includes gray scale detection computing module.
Specific embodiment is that the cutting that the technical program opens different depth from the steel plate that test block thickness is 3.2mm comes
Comparing test block, groove depth is respectively 15%, 25%, 50% and the 75% of specimen thickness, i.e. 0.48mm, 0.8mm,
1.6mm、2.4mm.Meanwhile one of carve also is taken respectively from 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm steel plate respectively
Groove, the depth of cutting are respectively 15%, 25%, 50% and the 75% of steel plate thickness.By the gray value for studying different-thickness
Difference, depth the defects of to judge fault location, and then study the detection method for measuring lack of penetration depth.
When digital radial (DR) detects, with the reduction of ray penetration thickness under the same terms, gray scale increase, using not welding
Saturating position gray scale incrementss can calculate lack of penetration depth.Conventional film detection usually calculates lack of penetration depth using contrast,
In digital radial detection technique, for the contrast of digital picture as the contrast of film radiography, expression is also figure
As the ability of identification thickness difference.The general provision percentage table of △ T/T (△ T are recognizable thickness difference, and T is scanning thickness)
Show.For digital radial detection technique, picture contrast typically refers to the image intensity contrast's degree being visually observed.Although from entering
Ray passes through multiple links to gray level image is changed out, is generally believed that, the image observed on indicator screen is bright
Degree is linear with transmitted intensity.That is the relation of the brightness L and transmitted intensity I of screen can be written as:
L=KI
Wherein K is a constant coefficient.Because the absorption contrast of object is:
Therefore, to the luminance contrast as caused by a small thickness difference Δ T, can write out:
Compared with conventional film detects, digital radial (DR) detection can also directly read image ash without using contrast
Degree, and digital radial (DR) detection typically has the tolerance of 14 or 16, can be to the thick position and thin section position of workpiece
It is imaged simultaneously, this is that traditional radiographic detection can not be realized.In digital radial (DR) detection, suitable exposure parameter is selected,
While being imaged to traditional radiographic detection position, also the thicker position at edge is imaged, so as to measure to obtain true wall thickness
And residual thickness, lack of penetration depth is calculated.Likewise, this method can also quantitative measurment pipeline residual wall thickness.
Numbering 1 is one of groove of inwall and the most thin exemplar of wall thickness, and numbering 2 is inwall twice groove exemplar,；Numbering 3 is interior
The groove exemplar of wall three, numbering 4 are the groove of inwall four and the smaller exemplar of wall thickness, numbering 5 be the groove of inwall four and wall thickness compared with
Thick one；Numbering 6 is tape welding tailor's part.
Ring defect gray scale is different from surrounding mother metal, ring defect centre gray scale and surrounding mother metal gray scale difference such as Fig. 4
It is shown.
It can be seen from the figure that, ring defect centre gray scale is with surrounding mother metal gray scale difference with ring defect depth into just
Than, therefore in routine testing, can be by measure annular defect center position gray scale and surrounding mother metal gray scale, quantitative anti-throw-out collar
Shape depth of defect.
The ring defect pipeline containing different depth is made, certain defect is under different voltages, electric current, focal length, gray scale difference
As shown in Figure 7.
It can be seen from the figure that, with voltage increase gray scale difference increase, with electric current increase gray scale difference increase, as focal length increases
Gray scale difference is added to reduce.
In the case of 500mm focal lengths, during different electric currents under voltage 130KV and 160KV, ring defect centre gray scale
With mother metal gray scale difference around as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9.
It can be seen from the figure that, with voltage increase gray scale difference increase, with electric current increase gray scale difference increase, as groove depth increases
Gray scale difference is added to increase.
When actually detected, lack of penetration depth can be calculated by the gray scale difference at lack of penetration position and mother metal position, for multiple
Miscellaneous welding line structure (including reinforcement inside and outside weld seam), the thickness containing reinforcement should be used to calculate lack of penetration depth as mother metal thickness.
This technology utilizes ray digital imaging principle, and digital imagery detection and film camera are one in sensitivity of film principle
Cause, be that sensitivity of film examined workpiece is sent by X-ray machine X, decay, the ray photons for absorbing and scattering are connect by image device
Receive.Difference is image device for the treatment technology of the information received：Film camera is ray photons shape in film
Into latent image, by the processing in darkroom, piece personnel are commented by viewbox to judge defect；And digital imagery is then soft using computer
Part controls digital imaging device, realizes that ray photons arrive the transfer process of digital picture to data signal again, finally in display
On observed and handled defect.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
God any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the scope of the protection with principle.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. lack of penetration detecting system of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging, it is characterised in that：Including radiographic source, imaging detection Device, detector controller, imaging and control centre, detecting and controlling system and ray controller；The imaging and control centre electrically connect with detector controller, detecting and controlling system and ray controller respectively；The detector controller electrically connects with the imaging detector, and the ray controller electrically connects with the radiographic source.
- 2. the lack of penetration detecting system of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Also include Supporting table, the supporting table are located among the radiographic source and the imaging detector.
- 3. the lack of penetration detecting system of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The branch Support platform electrically connects with the detecting and controlling system.
- 4. the lack of penetration detecting system of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described into Picture and control centre include display.
- 5. the lack of penetration detecting system of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The inspection Surveying control system includes gray scale detection computing module.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN108872277A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-11-23 | 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 | X-ray non-destructive detection device based on lobster eye lens |
| CN114720490A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-07-08 | 绍兴市特种设备检测院 | Pipeline incomplete penetration depth quantitative detection method based on digital rays |
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