CN107167479A - A kind of method of using pressure pipe digital radiography defect quantitative research - Google Patents
A kind of method of using pressure pipe digital radiography defect quantitative research Download PDFInfo
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- CN107167479A CN107167479A CN201710151232.0A CN201710151232A CN107167479A CN 107167479 A CN107167479 A CN 107167479A CN 201710151232 A CN201710151232 A CN 201710151232A CN 107167479 A CN107167479 A CN 107167479A
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- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of using pressure pipe digital radiography defect quantitative research, including step S1：Workpiece to be checked is selected, sensitivity of film is carried out to workpiece；Step S2：According to the ray density distribution signal of the absorbing rule formation reflection workpiece information of ray；Step S3：Digital detector is detected to this signal, changed, digitized sampling and quantization, forms detection digital picture；Step S4：Send image to show and processing unit, evaluated for testing staff.The lack of penetration detection method of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging of the present invention can be judged by the image of imaging immediately, can value immediately, lack of penetration depth is measured by " pressure pipeline ray digital imaging is lack of penetration sounding system "；It repeatedly can quickly be imaged, without waiting for the time of developing a film, not only save the time, also save substantial amounts of film and drug expenditure, therefore, the advantage in terms of environmental protection is also that film is incomparable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pipe detection field, more particularly, to a kind of using pressure pipe digital radiography defect
The method of quantitative study.
Background technology
Because China's industrial stresses pipe safety management is started late, according to census statistics wherein incomplete penetration defect proportion
It is very big, it about account for generally investigating 2/3 at total hidden danger.Therefore, for the common problem of this long-term, generally existing, carry out in-service pressure
Hydraulic piping defects detection and security evaluation key technology research, are to effectively improve the in-service pressure pipeline safe condition of China and science
The key problem in technology of managerial skills.And lack of penetration depth survey is evaluated in the key point with industrial pressure pipeline grade.It is existing
The lack of penetration depth survey having mainly together utilizes film imaging using test block with fault location, then is surveyed using densitometer
Amount, due to being difficult to compare out identical blackness value, and incomplete penetration defect imaging is narrow, it is impossible to be accurately positioned blackness with densitometer
Value, the problem of there is " indeterminacy " then can not accurately judge its depth.
For this problem, using ray digital imaging technology.Ray digital imaging technology indicates X-ray detection technology
It will enter without the film epoch, and be the revolution of non-destructive testing technology.As X-ray digital collection, computer are stored on a small quantity
With the development of broadband internet, following industrial X-ray detection will be provided with following features：Image digitazation, computer storage, net
Network transmission, long-range evaluation.Image is compared on computers, by the difference of gray value at different-thickness, this is utilized
One principle obtains thickness difference, and then obtains lack of penetration depth.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose what a kind of using pressure pipe digital radiography defect quantitative was studied
Method, can solve the above problems.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
A kind of method of using pressure pipe digital radiography defect quantitative research, including
Step S1：Workpiece to be checked is selected, sensitivity of film is carried out to workpiece；
Step S2：According to the ray density distribution signal of the absorbing rule formation reflection workpiece information of ray；
Step S3：Digital detector is detected to this signal, changed, digitized sampling and quantization, forms detection numeral
Image；
Step S4：Send image to show and processing unit, evaluated for testing staff.
Further, the image formed in the step S3 is digital picture.
Further, digital picture observes image on indicator screen, it is necessary to control display condition for images and observation
Condition.Display condition for images primarily with regard to display performance requirement, the basic performance of display include brightness, resolution ratio,
Display brightness ratio, gray level, response time.
Further, the principle of the research method is when the beam of even intensity irradiates object, if object
Regional area existing defects or structure have differences, and it will change decay of the object to ray so that different parts transmitted ray
Intensity is different, so, and transmitted ray intensity is detected using certain radiation detector, it is possible to defect inside judgment object and
Material is distributed.
Further, the step S2 includes X-ray Testing Technology based on object contrast, is picked up using radiation detector
This object contrasting signal.
Further, step S4 is shown and processing unit including sending image to, the tendency formed under different testing conditions
Comparison diagram, is evaluated for testing staff.
Ray digital imaging detection system by radiographic source, examined workpiece, digital imaging device, mechanical support with transmission and
Control is constituted with processing system, as shown in figure 1, under radiographic source controller action, the high speed electricity being accelerated in radiographic source electric field
Son hits plate target, produces a series of electromagnetic wave of wavelength, i.e. X-ray：X-ray passes through object to be detected, with object atom phase
Interaction, under the effect such as photoelectric effect, Compton effect and pair effect, changes partial photonic energy and direction
Become, commonly referred to as secondary photon：They enter imaging detector with the photon that direction does not change, in the sudden strain of a muscle of detector
Transformation of the X-ray to visible ray to electronic signal is completed in the bright integrated-optic device such as body screen and photodiode；Eventually pass
The data signal of discretization completes the display of image in computer.
Film during image device in ray digital imaging detection system is taken a picture from radiographic film is different, and it is used
Digital detector system.
Pr8Fe86B6 amorphous alloy is researched and developed based on extensive amorphous silicon photodiodes high density, large scale integrated technology
X-ray digital detector.It is a kind of to be imaged in the way of light, electron accumulation as general low-light level imaging device.Amorphous
Silicon detector includes three parts：
1) the scintillator screen of submillimeter level thickness, generally Gd2O2ST and CsI materials are constituted；
2) photodiode array of the large-scale integrated coupled with scintillator screen, i.e. pixel, material are α-Si；
3) pixel is read and amplifying circuit.Fig. 2 is its ray digital imaging photoelectric conversion process.The non-crystalline silicon of this type is put down
Partitioned detector is to apply most flat panel detectors in the market.
Operation principle：X-ray transillumination detector, ray photons are converted to visible ray by scintillator screen, then by the pole of photoelectricity two
Pipe array is converted to electric signal, changes and exports through A/D.Picture element signal is read line by line, and it is non-that each pixel is connected on TFT by one
Crystal silicon photodiode is constituted.Each column pixel signal line is connected on general offset line jointly, towards reading circuit (amplifier)；
One-row pixels share TFT control line, are expert under the control of driving (gating circuit), open or close together, read in a line
The electric charge of all diode capacitance storages, the charge amplifier arranged by multidiameter delay is accumulated and amplifies these electric charges, digitizes
The internal memory of computer is passed to afterwards.Then next line is carried out, until data row is all read.
The general principle of X-ray Testing Technology is, when the beam of even intensity irradiates object, if object partial zones
Domain existing defects or structure have differences, and it will change decay of the object to ray so that different parts transmitted ray intensity is not
Together, so, transmitted ray intensity is detected using certain radiation detector, it is possible to defect and material point inside judgment object
Cloth etc..
If the thickness difference for having a very little on ladder block carries out Cleaning Principle discussion, as shown in figure 3,
If：The line attenuation coefficient of μ-ladder block material；
I0- incident ray intensity；
ID, I 'DThe transmitted intensity that different parts are transmitted on-ladder block；
IS, I 'SThe scattered ray intensity that different parts are transmitted on-ladder block；
Different parts transmitted ray overall strength on I, I '-ladder block.
Due to
I=ID+IS；I'=I'D+I'S
And because Δ T is much smaller than T, it can thus be assumed that
IS=I'S
So having
Δ I=I'-I=I'D-ID
There is scattered rays to compare n in wide beam ray attenuation law
Then have
Have by monochromatic narrow beam ray attenuation law
ID=I0e-μT
I'D=I0e-μ(T+ΔT)
The line attenuation coefficient of μ in formula -- workpiece；
I0-- incident ray intensity.
Therefore have
Quote approximate formula
ex=1+x (| x |<1)
Then have
e-μΔT=1- μ Δs T
In the expression (3-1) for substituting into Δ I/I, then have
Formula (3-2) is referred to as " object contrast ", and it constitutes the signal that X-ray Testing Technology needs to detect.Formula (3-2) is
It is the general principle relational expression of X-ray Testing Technology, it gives a small thickness difference and corresponding ray detection object contrast
Between relation.From the formula, ray is to the detectability of defect, and the ray energy, defect with use are in sensitivity of film side
The correlations such as the upward control situation of size, scattered rays.
X-ray Testing Technology is based on object contrast, and this object contrasting signal is picked up using radiation detector, and will
It is converted into ray detection image, and conclusion is judged from image information.Different types of digital radial detection technique, use
Radiation detector is different, and the transfer process for completing object contrasting signal to ray detection image is different, but jointly the characteristics of be,
What is finally obtained is digitized ray detection image.
Relative to prior art, using pressure pipe digital radiography defect quantitative research of the present invention
Method can be judged by the image of imaging immediately, can value immediately, by the way that " pressure pipeline ray digital imaging is not welded
Saturating sounding system " measures lack of penetration depth；Repeatedly can quickly it be imaged, without waiting for the time of developing a film, when not only having saved
Between, substantial amounts of film and drug expenditure are also saved, therefore, the advantage in terms of environmental protection is also that film is incomparable.
Brief description of the drawings
The accompanying drawing for constituting the part of the present invention is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Apply example and its illustrate to be used to explain the present invention, do not constitute inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is ray digital imaging detection system structure chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is X-ray digital imaging process schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is ray detection basic principle schematic；
Fig. 4 is ring defect and mother metal gray scale difference trend graph；
Fig. 5 is voltage and gray scale difference trend graph；
Fig. 6 is electric current and gray scale difference trend graph；
Fig. 7 is focal length and gray scale difference trend graph；
Fig. 8 is gray scale difference trend graph under voltage 130KV；
Fig. 9 is gray scale difference trend graph under electric current 160KV.
Embodiment
It should be noted that in the case where not conflicting, the embodiment in the present invention and the feature in embodiment can phases
Mutually combination.
In the description of the invention, it is to be understood that term " " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " on ", " under ",
The orientation or position relationship of the instruction such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", " vertical ", " level ", " top ", " bottom ", " interior ", " outer " are
Based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, it is for only for ease of the description present invention and simplifies description, rather than indicate or dark
Specific orientation must be had, with specific azimuth configuration and operation by showing the device or element of meaning, therefore it is not intended that right
The limitation of the present invention.In addition, term " first ", " second " etc. are only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that indicating or implying phase
To importance or the implicit quantity for indicating indicated technical characteristic.Thus, the feature for defining " first ", " second " etc. can
To express or implicitly include one or more this feature.In the description of the invention, unless otherwise indicated, " multiple "
It is meant that two or more.
In the description of the invention, it is necessary to illustrate, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase
Even ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be being fixedly connected or being detachably connected, or be integrally connected；Can
To be mechanical connection or electrical connection；Can be joined directly together, can also be indirectly connected to by intermediary, Ke Yishi
The connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood by concrete condition
Concrete meaning in the present invention.
Describe the present invention in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
A kind of method of using pressure pipe digital radiography defect quantitative research, including
Step S1：Workpiece to be checked is selected, sensitivity of film is carried out to workpiece；
Step S2：According to the ray density distribution signal of the absorbing rule formation reflection workpiece information of ray；
Step S3：Digital detector is detected to this signal, changed, digitized sampling and quantization, forms detection numeral
Image；
Step S4：Send image to show and processing unit, evaluated for testing staff.
The image formed in the step S3 is digital picture.
Digital picture observes image on indicator screen, it is necessary to control display condition for images and observation condition.Image
Display condition is primarily with regard to the requirement of display performance, and the basic performance of display includes brightness, resolution ratio, display brightness
Than, gray level, response time.
The principle of the research method is when the beam of even intensity irradiates object, if object regional area is deposited
Had differences in defect or structure, it will change decay of the object to ray so that different parts transmitted ray intensity is different, this
Sample, transmitted ray intensity is detected using certain radiation detector, it is possible to defect and material distribution inside judgment object.
The step S2 includes X-ray Testing Technology and is based on object contrast, and this object pair is picked up using radiation detector
Than degree signal.
Step S4 shows and processing unit that the tendency comparison diagram formed under different testing conditions is supplied including sending image to
Testing staff evaluates.
Specific embodiment is that the technical program is come from test block thickness for the cutting that 3.2mm steel plate opens different depth
Compare test block, groove depth is respectively 15%, 25%, 50% and the 75% of specimen thickness, i.e. 0.48mm, 0.8mm,
1.6mm、2.4mm.Meanwhile, the steel plate from 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm also takes one of carve respectively respectively
Groove, the depth of cutting is respectively 15%, 25%, 50% and the 75% of steel plate thickness.By the gray value for studying different-thickness
Difference, to judge the depth of defect of fault location, and then studies the detection method of the lack of penetration depth of measurement.
When digital radial (DR) is detected, with the reduction of ray penetration thickness under the same terms, gray scale increase, using not welding
Saturating position gray scale incrementss can calculate lack of penetration depth.Conventional film detection usually calculates lack of penetration depth using contrast,
In digital radial detection technique, the contrast of digital picture is as the contrast of film radiography, and expression is also figure
As the ability of identification thickness difference.The general provision percentage table of △ T/T (△ T are recognizable thickness difference, and T is scanning thickness)
Show.For digital radial detection technique, picture contrast typically refers to the image intensity contrast's degree being visually observed.Although from entering
Ray is generally believed that the image observed on indicator screen is bright to gray level image is changed out by multiple links
Degree is linear with transmitted intensity.That is the relation of the brightness L and transmitted intensity I of screen can be written as:
L=KI
Wherein K is a constant coefficient.Because the absorption contrast of object is:
Therefore, to the luminance contrast as caused by a small thickness difference Δ T, it can write out:
Compared with conventional film is detected, digital radial (DR) detection can also directly read image ash without using contrast
Degree, and digital radial (DR) detection is general with the tolerance of 14 or 16, can be to the thick position of workpiece and thin section position
It is imaged simultaneously, this is that traditional radiographic detection can not be realized.In digital radial (DR) detection, suitable exposure parameter is selected,
While being imaged to traditional radiographic detection position, also the thicker position at edge is imaged, true wall thickness is obtained so as to measure
And residual thickness, calculate and obtain lack of penetration depth.Likewise, this method can also quantitative measurment pipeline residual wall thickness.
Numbering 1 is one of groove of inwall and the most thin exemplar of wall thickness, and numbering 2 is inwall twice groove exemplar,；Numbering 3 is interior
The road groove exemplar of wall three, numbering 4 is the road groove of inwall four and the smaller exemplar of wall thickness, numbering 5 for the road groove of inwall four and wall thickness compared with
Thick one；Numbering 6 is tape welding tailor's part.
Ring defect gray scale is different from surrounding mother metal, ring defect centre gray scale and surrounding mother metal gray scale difference such as Fig. 4
It is shown.
It can be seen from the figure that, ring defect centre gray scale is with surrounding mother metal gray scale difference with ring defect depth into just
Than, therefore in routine testing, can be by measure annular defect center position gray scale and surrounding mother metal gray scale, quantitative anti-throw-out collar
Shape depth of defect.
The ring defect pipeline containing different depth is made, certain defect is under different voltages, electric current, focal length, gray scale difference
As shown in Figure 7.
It can be seen from the figure that, with voltage increase gray scale difference increase, with electric current increase gray scale difference increase, as focal length increases
Plus gray scale difference reduces.
In the case of 500mm focal lengths, during different electric currents under voltage 130KV and 160KV, ring defect centre gray scale
With mother metal gray scale difference around as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9.
It can be seen from the figure that, with voltage increase gray scale difference increase, with electric current increase gray scale difference increase, as groove depth increases
Plus gray scale difference increase.
When actually detected, lack of penetration depth can be calculated by the gray scale difference at lack of penetration position and mother metal position, for multiple
Miscellaneous welding line structure (including reinforcement inside and outside weld seam), should use the thickness containing reinforcement as mother metal thickness and calculate lack of penetration depth.
This technology utilizes ray digital imaging principle, and digital imagery detection and film camera are one in sensitivity of film principle
Cause, be that sensitivity of film examined workpiece is sent by X-ray machine X, decay, the ray photons for absorbing and scattering are connect by image device
Receive.Difference is image device for the treatment technology of the information received：Film camera is ray photons shape in film
Into latent image, by the processing in darkroom, comment piece personnel by viewbox to judge defect；And digital imagery is then soft using computer
Part controls digital imaging device, realizes that ray photons arrive the transfer process of digital picture to data signal again, finally in display
It is upper to be observed and handled defect.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
God is with principle, and any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of lack of penetration detection method of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging, it is characterised in that：Including
Step S1：Workpiece to be checked is selected, sensitivity of film is carried out to workpiece；
Step S2：According to the ray density distribution signal of the absorbing rule formation reflection workpiece information of ray；
Step S3：Digital detector is detected to this signal, changed, digitized sampling and quantization, forms detection digital picture；
Step S4：Send image to show and processing unit, evaluated for testing staff.
2. the lack of penetration detection method of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
The image formed in rapid S3 is digital picture.
3. the lack of penetration detection method of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Digitized map
As observing image on indicator screen, it is necessary to control display condition for images and observation condition.Display condition for images is mainly
On the requirement of display performance, when the basic performance of display includes brightness, resolution ratio, display brightness ratio, gray level, response
Between.
4. the lack of penetration detection method of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described to grind
The principle for studying carefully method is when the beam of even intensity irradiates object, if object regional area existing defects or structure are deposited
In difference, it will change decay of the object to ray so that different parts transmitted ray intensity is different, so, using certain
Radiation detector detects transmitted ray intensity, it is possible to defect and material distribution inside judgment object.
5. the lack of penetration detection method of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
Rapid S2 includes X-ray Testing Technology and is based on object contrast, and this object contrasting signal is picked up using radiation detector.
6. the lack of penetration detection method of pressure pipeline ray digital imaging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step S4
Show and processing unit that the tendency comparison diagram formed under different testing conditions is evaluated for testing staff including sending image to.
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| CN109147414A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-04 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of Virtual Reality Training System and method can be used for ray DR image checking |
| CN110618147A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2019-12-27 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | System and method for measuring height of incomplete penetration defect of tube-tube plate fillet weld |
| CN111521626A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-11 | 南京华宝工程检测有限公司 | X-ray detection method for welding quality of pressure pipeline |
| CN112033984A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-04 | 中设（深圳）设备检验检测技术有限公司 | Method for detecting non-metal pressure pipeline based on DR |
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| CN114720490A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-07-08 | 绍兴市特种设备检测院 | Pipeline incomplete penetration depth quantitative detection method based on digital rays |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109147414A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-04 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of Virtual Reality Training System and method can be used for ray DR image checking |
| CN109147414B (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2024-03-12 | 南昌航空大学 | Virtual reality training system and method for ray DR imaging detection |
| CN110618147A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2019-12-27 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | System and method for measuring height of incomplete penetration defect of tube-tube plate fillet weld |
| CN111521626A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-11 | 南京华宝工程检测有限公司 | X-ray detection method for welding quality of pressure pipeline |
| CN112033984A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-04 | 中设（深圳）设备检验检测技术有限公司 | Method for detecting non-metal pressure pipeline based on DR |
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| CN112924478B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-12-06 | 上海科技大学 | Overhead cable detection system based on dual-energy digital X-ray imaging |
| CN113843172A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-12-28 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Multi-mode image-based nondestructive testing device and testing method thereof |
| CN114720490A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-07-08 | 绍兴市特种设备检测院 | Pipeline incomplete penetration depth quantitative detection method based on digital rays |
| CN114720490B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2024-04-30 | 绍兴市特种设备检测院 | Quantitative detection method for depth of incomplete penetration of pipeline based on digital rays |
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