Background
With the proposal of the heavy strategic targets such as 'ocean building, green building, building industrialization', and the like, various construction projects are rapidly developed, but the land available for construction is continuously reduced, so that projects for improving various special geology through foundation treatment are greatly increased. The soft soil has the special physical and mechanical characteristics of low strength, poor stability, large deformation and the like, so that the special engineering problems of high water content of soil body, very poor water permeability, rapid rise of pore water pressure after bearing strong load, remarkable reduction of compaction and consolidation performance of the foundation, and greater challenges to soft soil foundation treatment due to poor geological conditions, and serious safety problems of large-area foundation subsidence, uneven foundation subsidence, member collapse and the like are caused if the soft soil is poorly consolidated.
At present, the vertical reinforcement body which is commonly used for improving the geology of a weak soil layer is mainly a cement-soil mixing pile and a common prestressed concrete pipe pile, but the construction process of the cement-soil mixing pile is lagged and has large resource consumption, more serious, the process has large mud discharge and large environmental pollution, and some heavy metals (such as hexavalent chromium ions) can be released due to the abrasion of a drill bit in the drilling process to pollute the underground water quality; the common prestressed concrete pipe pile is smooth in pile body, cannot interact with the land to form a whole, frequently has the problems of matrix sedimentation or local sedimentation, and particularly when a weak interlayer is thicker, the phenomenon of uneven foundation stress, uneven sedimentation, lateral displacement or vertical uplift and the like are more likely to occur, and meanwhile, the problem of super pore water pressure is extremely easy to cause due to insignificant instant drainage consolidation effect, small volume compression deformation and the like during construction.
The invention patent number 201410653595.0 discloses a sand-filled bamboo joint pile and a construction method thereof aiming at soft soil foundation treatment, and the sand-filled bamboo joint pile can quickly dissipate ultra-static pore pressure generated during construction, quicken foundation soil consolidation and improve friction force on soil sides around the pile. However, the construction process of the sand filling bamboo joint pile is complex, the quality controllability is poor, meanwhile, in order to meet the requirement of sand filling and water draining in the construction process, the height of the pile body bamboo joint bulge is at least 100mm, the bamboo joint is too large, a gap is easily formed between the construction process and a soil body, the distance between the two piles is increased, the bearing capacity of a unit area of a foundation is reduced, and the construction process with higher bearing capacity requirement in the unit area cannot be applied to the foundation treatment engineering; and secondly, weak links exist at the junction of the filled sand and the soil layer, the friction force is small, the bearing force born by the pile body cannot be uniformly and effectively transferred to the surrounding soil of the pile through the bamboo joint part, and a pile-soil aggregate cannot be formed with the pile-soil aggregate. Therefore, improvement of the structure of the vertical reinforcement used in the foundation treatment works is required.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current state of the art, the invention provides the concrete pile which is reasonable in structure, reliable in quality, low in manufacturing cost, good in economic benefit and strong in practicability and is suitable for foundation treatment.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the concrete pile suitable for foundation treatment comprises a pile body, wherein the pile body is of an integrally formed variable cross-section structure, diameter-enlarging parts are arranged on the pile body at intervals, diameter-reducing parts are formed between adjacent diameter-enlarging parts, and the diameter-reducing parts and the diameter-enlarging parts are connected and reinforced through a necking structure; the diameter-expanding part is a closed circular ring or a non-closed circular ring formed by forming a notch, and the difference value of the radial width of the diameter-reducing part and the radial width of the diameter-expanding part is less than or equal to 60mm.
The optimized technical measures also comprise:
the diameter-expanding parts are arranged at equal intervals.
The clearance between the adjacent expanded diameter parts is 1.5 times to 3 times of the diameter of the expanded diameter parts.
The axial length of the diameter-expanding part is 60mm to 100mm.
The angle value of the included angle alpha between the loading surface of the necking structure and the horizontal plane is as follows: alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than 90 degrees
The joint of the load bearing surface and the diameter reducing part of the necking structure is provided with a round chamfer R1, and the radius of the round chamfer R1 is 10mm to 25mm.
And a circular chamfer R2 is arranged at the joint of the load bearing surface of the necking structure and the diameter expanding part, and the radius of the circular chamfer R2 is 20-45 mm.
When the diameter-expanding part is a non-closed ring, the positions of the notches of two adjacent diameter-expanding parts are staggered by rotating 180 degrees around the circle center of the diameter-expanding part along the radial plane.
One or both ends of the pile body are provided with pile end expanding parts, the pile end expanding parts are closed circular rings or non-closed circular rings, and the axial length of the pile end expanding parts is 350-650 mm.
The invention relates to a concrete pile suitable for foundation treatment engineering, wherein the pile body is of a variable cross-section structure and is of an integrally formed integral structure consisting of a plurality of diameter reduction parts and diameter expansion parts which are arranged at intervals continuously, in the soft soil foundation treatment process, the concrete pile is constructed into a soft soil layer by a static pressure construction method and a hammering construction method with relatively low construction cost, the construction method is simple and low in cost, and the diameter expansion parts of the pile body squeeze and vibrate soil bodies in the construction process, so that foundation soil is further compacted, and the bearing capacity and compression modulus of the foundation soil can be effectively improved; the pile body is directly contacted with the original soil body, weak links do not exist, meanwhile, the necking structure is further connected with the reinforced diameter-reducing part and the diameter-expanding part, the contact area between the pile body and the soil body is increased, after construction is completed, the load on the upper part of the foundation is directly and uniformly distributed into the solidified foundation soil through the diameter-expanding part and the loaded surface of the necking structure, and finally the foundation soil and the pile body interact to form an underground whole to jointly bear the load of the ground (pavement), so that the problems of foundation settlement or local settlement are greatly solved, and the stability of the whole foundation is improved.
The sectional area of the reduced diameter part is reduced, so that the concrete consumption of the pile body is reduced, and the consumption of prestressed reinforcement is reduced under the same pre-pressing stress condition, the manufacturing cost of the concrete pile is reduced, and the cost performance and the economic benefit are improved; in addition, the notch is formed in the diameter-expanding part, so that the problem of soil body ultra-static pore pressure generated in the construction process can be solved, groundwater precipitated in soft soil during the construction process and after the construction is completed flows out to the ground along a channel formed by the notch of the diameter-expanding part and the outer wall of the diameter-reducing part, the ultra-pore water pressure of the soil body is effectively relieved, meanwhile, the drainage consolidation of soft soil around the pile is accelerated, the bearing capacity and stability of foundation soil are improved, and the pile body and solidified soil around the pile are promoted to form a whole.
Therefore, the concrete pile suitable for foundation treatment is more reasonable in structure, stronger in practicability, lower in manufacturing cost and better in economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
The present invention is schematically illustrated in figures 1 to 5,
wherein the reference numerals are as follows: included angle alpha, round chamfer R1, round chamfer R2, pile body 1, reduced diameter part 11, expanded diameter part 12, necking structure 13, pile end expanded diameter part 14, notch 2.
In the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 2,
the concrete pile suitable for foundation treatment comprises a pile body 1, wherein the pile body 1 is of an integrally formed variable cross-section structure, the pile body 1 is provided with diameter-enlarging parts 12 at intervals, diameter-reducing parts 11 are formed between adjacent diameter-enlarging parts 12, and the diameter-reducing parts 11 and the diameter-enlarging parts 12 are connected and reinforced through necking structures 13; the diameter-enlarging part 12 is a closed circular ring, and the difference value between the radial width of the diameter-reducing part 11 and the radial width of the diameter-enlarging part 12 is less than or equal to 60mm.
In the embodiment, the expanded diameter portions 12 are arranged at equal intervals.
The concrete pile of the embodiment is mainly suitable for soft soil foundation treatment engineering under the conditions that the thickness of a soft soil layer is not too large or the soft soil layer contains more thin silt interlayers and the like, the concrete pile is constructed into the soft soil layer by a static pressure and hammering construction method with relatively low construction cost, and the diameter-expanding part 12 extrudes and vibrates soil in the construction process to further compact foundation soil, so that the bearing capacity and compression modulus of the foundation soil are effectively improved; the pile body 1 is directly contacted with the original soil body, weak links do not exist, meanwhile, the necking structure 13 is further connected with the reinforced diameter-reducing part 11 and the diameter-enlarging part 12, the contact area of the pile body and the soil body is increased, after construction is completed, load on the upper part of the foundation is directly and uniformly distributed into the solidified foundation soil through the loaded surfaces of the diameter-enlarging part 12 and the necking part 13, and finally the load and the foundation soil interact to form an underground whole to bear the load of the ground (road surface) together, so that the problems of foundation settlement or local settlement are greatly solved, and the integral stability of the foundation is improved.
The difference between the radial width of the diameter-reducing part 11 and the radial width of the diameter-enlarging part 12 is less than or equal to 60mm. Compared with the diameter-reduced part 11, the height of the bulge of the diameter-expanded part 12 is not more than 30mm, and the height of the bulge part on the surface of the pile body of the existing related ribbed prestressed special-shaped pile is at least 50mm, so that the concrete pile can adopt a static pressure and hammering construction method with relatively low construction cost in construction, the construction process is simpler, the soil compaction effect generated in the construction process can be improved, the bamboo joint bulge part is small, the soil body is compacted, and the phenomenon that the soil body is easy to generate gaps in the extrusion process due to overlarge bamboo joint bulge part is avoided; the sectional area of the expanded part 12 is consistent with that of a common prestressed concrete pipe pile of the same type, only the sectional area of the reduced part 11 is reduced, the concrete consumption of the pile body is reduced, and meanwhile, under the condition of the same pre-pressing stress, the consumption of prestressed reinforcement is also reduced, the manufacturing cost of the concrete pile is obviously reduced, and the cost performance and the economic benefit are improved; furthermore, the distance between two piles is not smaller than 4 times of pile diameter according to the specification of building foundation pile technical specification, so that the distance between two piles is not required to be increased in the use process, the number of pile foundations in unit area is unchanged, the bearing capacity of foundation soil in unit area is ensured, the bearing capacity of unit area is improved in a mode of increasing the number of foundation piles in unit area, the practicability is higher, and the applicability is wider.
In an embodiment, the net spacing between adjacent expanded diameter portions 12 is 1.5 to 3 times the diameter of the expanded diameter portion 12.
In an embodiment, the expanded diameter portion 12 has an axial length of 60mm to 100mm.
By the design, the economic benefit is better, the net distance between the expanded parts 12 is too long or too short, and good cost performance is difficult to obtain.
In the embodiment, the angle α between the loading surface of the necking structure 13 and the horizontal plane is: alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than 90 degrees.
In the embodiment, the connection part of the load bearing surface of the necking structure 13 and the diameter reducing part 11 is provided with a round chamfer R1, and the radius of the round chamfer R1 is 10mm to 25mm.
In the embodiment, a circular chamfer R2 is provided at the connection between the load-receiving surface of the necking structure 13 and the diameter-expanding portion 12, and the radius of the circular chamfer R2 is 20mm to 45mm.
The setting of round chamfer R1 and round chamfer R2 not only can avoid the hole enlargement position 12 to produce great stress concentration when drawing of patterns in the manufacturing process of concrete pile, ensures the foundation pile is complete, still reduces the manufacturing degree of difficulty and the cost of drawing of patterns degree of difficulty and stake mould simultaneously.
In the second embodiment, as shown in fig. 3,
the concrete pile in this embodiment is similar to the concrete pile in the first embodiment except that in this embodiment, the expanded diameter portion 12 is a non-closed circular ring formed by providing the notch 2.
In the embodiment, when the diameter-expanding parts 12 are non-closed circular rings, the positions of the notch 2 of two adjacent diameter-expanding parts 12 are staggered by rotating 180 degrees around the circle center of the diameter-expanding part 12 along the radial plane; the setting can reduce the drawing of patterns degree of difficulty in the manufacturing process of concrete pile.
The concrete pile in this embodiment is mainly suitable for the foundation treatment engineering that contains conditions such as deep soft clay, mucky soil in the foundation, and during and after the construction is accomplished, the groundwater that separates out in the weak soil gushes out to ground along the passageway that the notch 2 of expanded diameter position 12 and the outer wall of reducing position 11 constitute, has solved the super quiet pore pressure problem of the soil body that produces in the construction process, has effectively alleviated the super pore water pressure of soil body, has accelerated the drainage consolidation of stake week weak soil simultaneously, improves the bearing capacity and the stability of foundation soil, promotes stake body and stake week solidification soil to form a whole.
In the third embodiment, as shown in fig. 4,
the concrete pile in this embodiment has a similar structure to the concrete pile in the second embodiment, except that in this embodiment, a pile end diameter-enlarging portion 14 is added to one end of the concrete pile, and the axial length of the pile end diameter-enlarging portion 14 is 350mm to 650mm; when the foundation is filled with a hard shell or a hard cohesive soil layer and a deep silt or soft plastic clay layer (or the foundation is filled with the hard shell or the hard cohesive soil layer and the foundation is filled with the deep silt or soft plastic clay layer), the bearing capacity of the foundation soil cannot be improved obviously by increasing the pile length, the concrete pile in the embodiment can be used at the moment, and the diameter-expanded part 12 additionally arranged at the pile end is arranged in the hard shell or the hard cohesive soil layer according to the actual engineering condition, so that the diameter-expanded part 12 is tightly attached to the soil layer like a rivet, the contact area between the pile end and the peripheral soil body is increased, and the bearing capacity of the pile end is further improved.
In the fourth embodiment, as shown in fig. 5,
the concrete pile in this embodiment has a similar structure to the concrete pile in the third embodiment, except that in this embodiment, pile end expanded diameter portions 14 are provided at both ends of the pile body 1, and axial lengths of the pile end expanded diameter portions 14 at both ends are 350mm to 650mm; in the embodiment, the contact area between the two ends of the concrete pile and the surrounding soil body is increased, so that the bearing capacity of the pile end can be further improved.
In the concrete piles of the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, the pile end diameter-enlarging portion 14 adopts a non-closed circular ring structure provided with the notch 2, and the pile end diameter-enlarging portion 14 can also adopt a closed circular ring structure similar to the diameter-enlarging portion 12, and can be specifically selected according to the construction requirements.
The preferred embodiments of this invention have been described so far that various changes or modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of this invention.