CN107670635B - 一种污水处理填料、制备方法以及用途 - Google Patents

一种污水处理填料、制备方法以及用途 Download PDF

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CN107670635B
CN107670635B CN201711176392.7A CN201711176392A CN107670635B CN 107670635 B CN107670635 B CN 107670635B CN 201711176392 A CN201711176392 A CN 201711176392A CN 107670635 B CN107670635 B CN 107670635B
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种用于污水处理用的填料,以及填料的制备方法;此外,结合本发明制备的填料,可以对污水进行高效率的除磷处理;同时,本发明的填料在制备过程中就可以根据需要切分成相应大小的颗粒、块状或者柱状、球状,从而直接配合污水处理设备或者除磷设备使用,即直接将所述填料填装进污水处理设备或者除磷设备的吸附柱中或者相应吸附剂容器中。

Description

一种污水处理填料、制备方法以及用途
技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理领域,具体涉及一种污水处理填料、制备方法以及相关用途。
背景技术
污水处理是当前环境保护面临的重要课题之一。随着人类活动的不断增强,水体的氮磷污染日益严重,例如,水体的富营养化已经造成河流、湖泊的严重水体污染;其中,最主要的影响控制因素为磷和氮;氮磷元素进入水体直接导致水体富营养化,而磷是水体富营养化更为深层次的原因。此外,城市工业的发展,也会排放大量污水,而农村目前粗放式的养殖业现状,也会导致大量生活污水的产生。
目前,针对污水处理,主要采用生物滤池、人工湿地等常用技术,它们大多采用生物膜载体的填料。添加填料利用化学法去除污水中的氮磷等元素,效果好,不产生污泥。然而,现有的常见污水填料,其存在组成成分复杂、不好固定,除磷效果不佳等缺点。
此外,发明人发现,在实际应用中,现有的各种填料与相应的污水处理设备或者除磷/除氮设备无法直接配合使用,需要进一步切割或者处理,从而造成填料浪费;进一步的,目前的某些除磷填料,其组成成分包含铝粉,制备过程中用到的铝粉容易产生二次污染甚至***,并且铝粉成本较高,不易大规模推广。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提出了一种用于污水处理用的填料,以及填料的制备方法;此外,结合本发明制备的填料,可以对污水进行高效率的除磷处理;同时,本发明的填料在制备过程中就可以根据需要切分成相应大小的颗粒、块状或者柱状、球状,从而直接配合污水处理设备或者除磷设备使用,即直接将所述填料填装进污水处理设备或者除磷设备的吸附柱中或者相应吸附剂容器中。
在本发明的第一个方面,提供了一种填料,用于污水处理过程。
具体来说,所述填料按照如下重量组成成分组成:
粉煤灰50-60%、水泥10~15%、发泡剂5%、生石灰以及水分和硅藻土;
其中,所述填料的粒径为10~50mm;所述填料的比表面积为(50~60)×104cm2/g;
所述填料的磷吸附容量为6-6.5mgP/g,抗压强度为4.0-4.5Mpa;
所述填料的密度为1.0~1.2g/cm3,堆积密度为0.6~0.75g/cm3。
优选的,所述硅藻土的重量组分随着所述水分组分的重量变化而变化。
作为一个优选,其中,所述硅藻土的重量组分不低于10%。
作为另一个优选,其中,所述硅藻土的重量组分不低于5%。
其中,本发明抛弃了现有技术中填料常见的铝粉成分,采用常规的发泡剂组成,降低了成本的同时,也避免了二次污染。
在本发明的第二个方面,提供了一种填料的制备方法,
具体来说,提供了前述填料的具体制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将所述粉煤灰、硅藻土、生石灰、水泥、发泡剂以及水按配方比例计量后搅拌均匀制成料浆,料浆通蒸汽加热至45℃后进行模具浇注;
(2)浇注成的坯体在室温60~70℃条件下进行发气初凝,时间为1.5~2h;
(3)对坯体进行切割,按需要制成均匀颗粒,
(4)在175-180℃条件下,养护6h~12h以上形成含有大量均匀而细小气孔的除磷填料。
为了达到和现有技术包含铝粉成分的填料更好的效果,在步骤(2)之前,进一步包括:在浇注前0.5~1.5min加入发泡剂悬浮液;所述发泡剂悬浮液重量百分比浓度为5%,是在发泡剂中定量加水,搅拌1~2min制成。
此外,为了能够直接将所述填料应用于现有的污水处理设备或者除磷设备,在步骤(2)之后,还包括如下步骤:将所述坯体在常温下进行风干,制成球状、块状或者柱状。
此时,制成球状、块状或者柱状的坯体大小可以根据实际应用的污水处理设备或者除磷设备的填料容器大小确定。
为了实现更好的制备效果,粉煤灰、硅藻土、生石灰的块状原料须经破碎、磨粉使用;水泥粉状原料直接使用,发泡剂制成重量百分比浓度为5~6%的溶液。
此外,发明人研究发现,现有的填料制备方法通常只包括一次焙烧或者一次蒸汽加热步骤,其得到的坯体密度/区分度不高,吸附效果有待改进。发明人经过反复研究,还对所述制备进行了如下改进:将所述粉煤灰、硅藻土、生石灰、水泥、发泡剂进行焙烧后加入石膏筛分,然后和水分混合搅拌后得到坯体,再将所述坯体进行二次焙烧,冷却后得到所述浇筑成的坯体。
在本发明的其他方面,还提供了一种采用所述填料对污水进行处理的方法,所述方法包括:对污水进行预处理,滤除其中明显悬浮物,再将污水流经填装有所述填料的污水处理设备。
采用所述填料对污水进行处理后,处理后的水中污水磷含量低于0.04mg/L。
采用发明提出的填料,可以配合污水处理设备使用。一般污水处理设备可以包含中空的吸附柱,在所述吸附柱中直接填装所述的填料,可以使得填料充分利用,不浪费资源。
与现有技术相比,本发明提到了污水处理效率,提高了资源利用率,降低了除污成本。主要表现为
(1)避免采用铝粉吸附剂或者铝粉发泡剂。在本发明填料组分中不需要采用铝粉,制备过程不需要利用铝粉,因此,制备成本降低,避免二次污染;
(2)本发明提出的填料,组成成分简单,采用常规的原料即可制备,从而真正达到环保节能的目的;
(3)填料的制备过程中,采用二次烘焙以及处理,得到填料吸附性能更好,与污水接触面积更大,除磷效果明显提高;
(4)制备的填料可以直接与现有的污水处理设备或者除磷设备配合使用,填装容易,极大降低使用成本,避免资源浪费。
具体实施方式
在实际实现上,可以将粉煤灰、硅藻土、水泥、发泡剂按照重量比例55:10:10:5混合,同时加入生石灰以及水分。
具体制备时,作为另一个优选,可以将粉煤灰、硅藻土、生石灰的块状原料须经破碎、磨粉使用;水泥粉状原料直接使用,发泡剂制成重量百分比浓度为5~6%的溶液。
作为一个优选,所述填料的粒径为10~50mm;所述填料的比表面积为(50~60)×104cm2/g;
所述填料的磷吸附容量为6-6.5mgP/g,抗压强度为4.0-4.5Mpa;
所述填料的密度为1.0~1.2g/cm3,堆积密度为0.6~0.75g/cm3
具体制备方法流程如下:
(1)将所述粉煤灰、硅藻土、生石灰、水泥、发泡剂以及水按配方比例计量后搅拌均匀制成料浆,料浆通蒸汽加热至45℃后进行模具浇注;
(2)浇注成的坯体在室温60~70℃条件下进行发气初凝,时间为1.5~2h;
(3)对坯体进行切割,按需要制成均匀颗粒,
(4)在175-180℃条件下,养护6h~12h以上形成含有大量均匀而细小气孔的除磷填料。
优选的,在步骤(2)之前,进一步包括:在浇注前0.5~1.5min加入发泡剂悬浮液;
在步骤(2)之后,还包括如下步骤:
将所述坯体在常温下进行风干,制成球状、块状或者柱状。
优选的,所述发泡剂悬浮液重量百分比浓度为5%,是在发泡剂中定量加水,搅拌1~2min制成。
为了达到更好的效果,为得到所述坯体之前,提供如下更为优选的方案:将所述粉煤灰、硅藻土、生石灰、水泥、发泡剂进行焙烧后加入石膏筛分,然后和水分混合搅拌后得到坯体,再将所述坯体进行二次焙烧,冷却后得到所述浇筑成的坯体。
总之,本发明提出了一种用于污水处理用的填料,以及填料的制备方法;此外,结合本发明制备的填料,可以对污水进行高效率的除磷处理;同时,本发明的填料在制备过程中就可以根据需要切分成相应大小的颗粒、块状或者柱状、球状,从而直接配合污水处理设备或者除磷设备使用,即直接将所述填料填装进污水处理设备或者除磷设备的吸附柱中或者相应吸附剂容器中。
本发明未具体公开的内容,例如,发泡剂等,属于本领域的公知技术。

Claims (5)

1.一种填料,用于污水处理过程,其特征在于:所述填料按照如下重量组成成分组成:粉煤灰50-60%、水泥10~15%、发泡剂5%、生石灰以及水分和硅藻土;
所述发泡剂不包含铝粉;
其中,所述填料的粒径为10~50mm;所述填料的比表面积为(50~60)×104cm2/g;
所述填料的磷吸附容量为6-6.5mgP/g,抗压强度为4.0-4.5Mpa;
所述填料的密度为1.0~1.2g/cm3,堆积密度为0.6~0.75g/cm3
所述填料按照如下方法制备:
将所述粉煤灰、硅藻土、生石灰、水泥、发泡剂进行焙烧后加入石膏筛分,然后和水分混合搅拌后得到坯体,再将所述搅拌后得到的坯体进行二次焙烧,冷却后得到浇筑成的坯体;
将所述浇筑成的坯体在常温下进行风干,制成球状、块状或者柱状;
其中,水泥粉状原料直接使用。
2.如权利要求1所述的填料,其中,所述硅藻土的重量组分随着所述水分组分的重量变化而变化。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的填料,其中,所述硅藻土的重量组分不低于5%。
4.一种采用如权利要求1所述的填料对污水进行处理的方法,所述方法包括:对污水进行预处理,滤除其中明显悬浮物,再将污水流经填装有所述填料的污水处理设备。
5.一种污水处理设备,包括中空的吸附柱,其特征在于,所述吸附柱中填装如权利要求1所述的填料。
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