CN107667595A - A kind of heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method - Google Patents
A kind of heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107667595A CN107667595A CN201711033572.XA CN201711033572A CN107667595A CN 107667595 A CN107667595 A CN 107667595A CN 201711033572 A CN201711033572 A CN 201711033572A CN 107667595 A CN107667595 A CN 107667595A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method.This method is to carry out ditching in plantation plot, forms discharge conduit and growing area；Metalling is laid in growing area, salt discharging pipe is laid on metalling top, backfill is covered on salt discharging pipe top, plantation layer is formed, then carries out the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching；Then soil deeptillage, flatten, fertilising, First Year plantation Sophora alopecuroide, Second Year carries out oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers multiple cropping corn, salt-soda soil is improved together by physics, chemistry and bioanalysis, reaches alkaline land improving and increase economic benefit dual purpose.The inventive method improves salt-soda soil process green pollution-free, and improved effect protrudes；The salt-soda soil of improvement can produce economic benefit then, there is preferable economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to alkaline land improvement technical field, more particularly to a kind of heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method.
Background technology
At present, alkaline land improvement mainly has following several technical measures：
1st, water conservancy improves, the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching：Suitable for the higher well-drained region of physical features.
2nd, biological modification：Improve salt-soda soil micro-ecological environment, using bio-organic fertilizer, while supplementing organic matter, increase
Add soil beneficial microorganism quantity, make to establish new microecological balance between alkaline land soil, plant and microorganism, reach raw
The target of thing control.
3rd, chemical modifying：Per hectare applies 15 tons or so of gypsum, makees base manure and once applies, and can also combine local actual arable land
In the conditioned soil of alkaline spot and grassland alkaline spot.
4th, ground is ploughed deeply, at least to descend to dig more than 70 centimeters, continuously plough deeply 2 years to 3 years, it is general when could solve to pour substantially
The problem of alkali.
5th, soil moved in improve the original is improved：In weight alkaline spot plot, alkaline spot is dug into deep 40cm, backfilling new soil.
But each of the above method all there is it is more or less the shortcomings that, each method be used alone when it is basic
On all cure the symptoms, not the disease, be also usually to take one of them small aspect to carry out part improvement in the prior art；So need
A kind of effective comprehensive processing method of science is improved to salt-soda soil, fundamentally improves salt-soda soil, then utilizes improvement
Corresponding industrial crops are planted in salt-soda soil afterwards, maintain and improve improved effect and bring economic benefit.
By the way that different ameliorative measures is combined, coordinate and plant corresponding plant, can be rapidly in varieties in saline-alkali areas shape
Into vegetation, then by artificial and natural regulation process, it is maximally effective approach to carry out improvement to the soil in salt-soda soil.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：A kind of heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method is provided.This method is
Ditching is carried out in plantation plot, forms discharge conduit and growing area；Metalling is laid in growing area, lays and arranges on metalling top
Salt pipe, backfill is covered on salt discharging pipe top, form plantation layer, then carry out the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching；Then soil deeptillage, leveling, is applied
Fertilizer, First Year plantation Sophora alopecuroide, Second Year carry out oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers multiple cropping corn, improved together by physics, chemistry and bioanalysis saline and alkaline
Ground, reach alkaline land improving and increase economic benefit dual purpose.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method, comprises the following steps：
A. ditching is carried out in the plot chosen, forms discharge conduit and growing area；Metalling is laid in growing area, in rubble
Layer top laying salt discharging pipe, backfill is covered on salt discharging pipe top, is formed plantation layer, is then carried out the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching；Then plough deeply
Soil, every mu is applied 3000 to 5000 kilograms of improving fertilizer, leveling；
B. Sophora alopecuroide is planted：Including 1) seed treatment：With 98% sulfuric acid treatment Sophora alopecuroide seed, the seed water after processing
Rinse, be placed in ventilation dry it is standby；2) sow：Sowing uses drilling, sows 1~2cm of furrow width, 1.0~1.5cm of ditch depth,
45~50cm of line-spacing.After planting earthing；3) field management：Including final singling, irrigation, top dressing, weeding etc.；4) harvest：Seed collection
Carried out when early November, pod was changed into yellowish-brown, remaining branches and leaves return field after crushing；
C. the plantation of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers：1) plot is arranged：First apply 2000 to 4000 kilograms of improving fertilizer before sowing, by ploughing and rotation
Leveling earth after ploughing, and cover mulch film；20~25 centimetres are ploughed deeply, ground is harrowed neat and well spaced flat；2) begin sowing in good time：Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers date of seeding, is preferably 3
The last ten-days period to the early April moon is sowed, and sets implantation hole on mulch film, program request is carried out in implantation hole, per two to five, cave；Program request kind
Measure as 0.5 kilogram every mu, sowing is preferably shallow unsuitable deep, 3~5 centimetres, want moisture creating sowing during soil moisture content difference；Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers Planting Row Distance 60
~65 centimetres, 25~30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, there is the plot of irrigation conditions, can suitably increase line-spacing, reduce spacing in the rows, improve illumination shape
Condition, increase yield；3) seedling management：Seedling is looked into fill the gaps with seedlings, it is ensured that full stand, when being short of seedling in a pair of true leaves timely balled transplanting, be not easy
Reseed；Thinning is carried out when first pair of true leaf deploys, second or the 3rd pair of true leaf carry out final singling when deploying；4) field management：Bag
Include rich water quality management, tillage and weeding, prune ventilation, bee pollination and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；5) harvest in good time：Usually late June is to 7
The first tenday period of a month moon harvest, and can manually be harvested during physiological maturity；
D. corn planting：Including 1) choosing seeds：From the kind that breeding time is relatively short；2) sow：After oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers harvest, use
Seeding and fertilizing integrated seeder iron stubble is sowed, while applies improving fertilizer；Mu application rate is 2~2.5 kilograms during sowing, spacing in the rows
0.3 meter, 0.5 meter of line-spacing；
3) field management：Mainly rich water quality management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Corn top dressing requires that application attacks ear manuer, adds and attack grain
Fertilizer, the corn typhon mouth phase is nutrient growth and reproductive growth is gone forward side by side period, needs fertilizer, water requirement maximum, impose attack ear manuer can be with
Every mu of 10~20 kilograms of urea of application during watering；It is the top dressing from blooming pollinated stage to attack granulated fertilizer, typically regard corn growing way and
It is fixed, every mu of additional 8~10 kilograms of urea if needing top dressing；Pest and disease damage mainly prevents and treats corn borer, aphid；4) harvest in proper late：It is beautiful
Rice harvest should be after corn kernel stops grouting, and its bract bleaches withered, and seed milk-line disappears, and black layer occurs in seed base portion, this
When crop highest.
The improving fertilizer, including A fertilizer and B fertilizer, it is 30~40 that wherein A fertilizer, which includes weight ratio,:8~12:20~30:8~12:
6~10:6~10:3~5 desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite, urea, ammonium phosphate and calcium chloride；B fertilizer includes weight
Than for 45~55:20~30:10~20:6~10:1~3 seawood meal, cow dung, dregs of beans, stalk and microorganism composite powder；Micro- life
It is 1 that thing composite powder, which includes weight ratio,:2:1:1:1 azotobacter chroococcum, trichodermaharzianum, butyric acid clostruidium, withered grass gemma
Bacillus and German-style lactic acid bacteria.
Preferably, in described step a every mu apply 3~5 tons of improving fertilizer；Every mu of 1~3 ton of improving fertilizer of application in step c；Step
Every mu of 0.5~1.5 ton of improving fertilizer of application in rapid d.
Preferably, the implantation hole sand seal lid in described step c after program request.
Preferably, in tillage and weeding, cleaning removes mulch film in described step c.
Preferably, 5~7 kilograms of urea can be imposed in described step c every mu of seedling stage, florescence top dressing combines watering, often
Mu applies 15~20 kilograms of urea, 10~15 kilograms of potassium sulfate, the cm of fertilization depth 10.
Preferably, harvest need to become yellowish-brown by 8~10 days floral discs using mechanical harvest after physiological maturity in described step c
During color.
Preferably, in described step c after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers harvest, its oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers stalk returning to the field after crushing.
Preferably, every mu of 10~20 kilograms of urea of application of ear manuer is attacked in described step d.
Preferably, desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite, urea, ammonium phosphate and chlorine in A fertilizer in described improving fertilizer
The weight ratio for changing calcium is 35:10:25:10:8:8:Seawood meal in 4, B fertilizer, cow dung, dregs of beans, the weight of stalk and microorganism composite powder
Amount is than being 50:25:15:8:2.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The present invention takes the filling row desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, separation layer to prevent the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, chemistry from changing the measure comprehensive improvement severes such as salt, biology control salt
Salt-soda soil, realize the effect of quick improvement；Root system of the Sophora alopecuroide in the growth of First Year acts synergistically to salt with improving fertilizer
Carry out reinforcing improvement alkali；Second Year starts first to plant the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of strong stress resistance on the basis of continuing using improving fertilizer, substantially
On just reach the requirement of improvement, then further improve planting common crop plants corn, because containing different work(in improving fertilizer
The microorganism component of effect, can also effectively prevent pest and disease damage and weeds；It is cultivated so to improve wasteland by 2 years cans
Ground, more than 5 years can be shifted to an earlier date than conventional method.
The improving fertilizer of the present invention, the desulfurated plaster in A fertilizer can effectively improve salt affected soil, sodium ion and stone in soil
Calcium ion-exchanged caused by cream dissolving, supplement calcium ion can eliminate toxic action of the carbonate to plant, reduce the alkalization of soil
The pH value of degree, regulation soil, improves the dispersiveness of soil sticking grain, soil water permeability is improved, while also contain in desulfurated plaster
The mineral elements such as the necessary sulphur of plant growth, silicon, useful crop plants growth；The main oxides of flyash form:SiO2、
Al2O3、FeO、Fe2O3、CaO、TiO2、MgO、K2O、Na2O、SO3、MnO2Deng in addition with P2O5Deng content of mineral substances enriches, can
Effectively to provide mineral matter element, and the unburned carbon granule in flyash is loose porous, can effectively improve salt-soda soil soil
The structure of earth；On the one hand bentonite also has mineral matter, on the one hand also act as the effect of binding agent；Zeolite is enhydrite, is inside had
Cavity, suction-operated can be played, improve soil texture situation, maintain the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer；Urea, ammonium phosphate and calcium chloride are corresponding
The necessary element of offer plant growth.
Seawood meal, cow dung, dregs of beans and stalk in B fertilizer are the higher organic fertilizer of carbon nitrogen content, can be persistently effective
Keep soil in fertility, there is provided plant growth, after the spontaneous fermentation of microbial germ powder, nutrient is more easy to absorb
Utilize, also, the microorganism component added also advantageously improves the resistance of plant, promotes plant growth.
Improving fertilizer and Sophora alopecuroide, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, the collective effect of corn increase soil fertility, improve soil texture；
Using ploughing again after rotary tillage, it can more effectively improve soil texture, beneficial to salinity with deposit of moisture；
Plant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and use mulch film and sand seal implantation hole technology, emergence rate, survival rate and the yield of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers can be improved.
The pionner Sophora alopecuroide in First Year plantation improvement salt-soda soil, is tentatively improved to salt-soda soil；Second Year passes through
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and corn are planted simultaneously, not only adds land utilization ratio, receives good economic benefit, while structure to soil,
Component etc. has carried out effective improvement.The operable row of the inventive method is strong, and the salt-soda soil of improvement can produce economic benefit then,
Long-term benefit is combined preferably with short run effect, is once put into and is benefited for many years.
The inventive method improves the process green pollution-free in salt-soda soil, and improved effect protrudes；Work as in the salt-soda soil of improvement
Year can produce economic benefit, there is preferable economic benefit and social benefit.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment one, improving fertilizer production one
A. it is 40 by weight:8:30:8:6:6:3 prepare desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite, urea, phosphoric acid
Ammonium and calcium chloride, desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite and calcium chloride are added to and crushes and mixes in pulverizer, and will
Urea and ammonium phosphate are dissolved in the water of corresponding weight, are added in above-mentioned pulverizer and are sufficiently mixed with above-mentioned mixture；
B. it is 50 by weight:20:20:10 deployed seawood meals, cow dung, dregs of beans and stalk, it is 1~3 to add weight ratio
Microorganism composite powder (weight ratio be 1:2:1:1:1 azotobacter chroococcum, trichodermaharzianum, butyric acid clostruidium, withered grass bud
Spore bacillus and German-style lactic acid bacteria), it is well mixed, and deployed humidity carries out compost, spontaneous fermentation 5~7 days, during which turning 1~2
It is secondary；
C. the product that step a is obtained and the obtained products of step b are respectively fed to comminutor be granulated, then dried
Shaping, obtain A fertilizer or B fertilizer；
D. A fertilizer and B fertilizer are pressed 2:1 ratio mixing, then packing, which preserves, produces improving fertilizer.
Embodiment two, improving fertilizer production two
A. it is 30 by weight:12:20:12:10:10:5 prepare desulfurated plasters, flyash, bentonite, zeolite, urea,
Ammonium phosphate and calcium chloride, desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite and calcium chloride are added to and crushes and mixes in pulverizer,
And be dissolved in urea and ammonium phosphate in the water of corresponding weight, it is added in above-mentioned pulverizer and fully mixed with above-mentioned mixture
Close；
B. it is 45 by weight:30:10:6 deployed seawood meals, cow dung, dregs of beans and stalk, add weight than for 3 it is micro-
(weight ratio is 1 to biological composite powder:2:1:1:1 azotobacter chroococcum, trichodermaharzianum, butyric acid clostruidium, bacillus subtilis
Bacterium and German-style lactic acid bacteria), it is well mixed, and deployed humidity carries out compost, spontaneous fermentation 5~7 days, during which turning 1~2 time；
C. the product that step a is obtained and the obtained products of step b are respectively fed to comminutor be granulated, then dried
Shaping, obtain A fertilizer or B fertilizer；
D. A fertilizer and B fertilizer are pressed 2:1 ratio mixing, then packing, which preserves, produces improving fertilizer.
Embodiment three, improving fertilizer production three
A. it is 35 by weight:10:25:10:8:8:4 prepare desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite, urea, phosphorus
Sour ammonium and calcium chloride, desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite and calcium chloride are added to and crushes and mixes in pulverizer, and
Urea and ammonium phosphate are dissolved in the water of corresponding weight, are added in above-mentioned pulverizer and fully mixed with above-mentioned mixture
Close；
B. it is 50 by weight:25:815:8 deployed seawood meals, cow dung, dregs of beans and stalk, add weight than for 2 it is micro-
(weight ratio is 1 to biological composite powder:2:1:1:1 azotobacter chroococcum, trichodermaharzianum, butyric acid clostruidium, bacillus subtilis
Bacterium and German-style lactic acid bacteria), it is well mixed, and deployed humidity carries out compost, spontaneous fermentation 5~7 days, during which turning 1~2 time；
C. the product that product step a obtained obtains with step b is by 2:1 is made than being sent to comminutor after row mixing
Grain, then dry forming, obtains improving fertilizer.
Example IV, Sophora alopecuroide, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and corn cultivation
Plot is handled：The salt-soda soil of desalination is being treated every long 500 meters, wide 5 meters of progress ditching, depth of drainage ditch is 2~3
Rice, 1.5~2 meters of bottom width, 3~4 meters of top width, the gutter side slope after excavation makes real, to prevent collapsing；Form discharge conduit and plantation
Area；10 centimetres of metallings are laid among growing area prevents the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, and salt discharging pipe is laid on metalling top, on metalling top and
One layer 3~5 centimetres of stalk layer is laid between salt discharging pipe, backfill is covered on salt discharging pipe top, and carries out the fresh water irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching,
The improving fertilizer suitable for salt-soda soil is applied after the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, the improving fertilizer of every mu of addition is 3~5 tons, forms plantation layer, then leveling ground
Block.
First Year, Sophora alopecuroide plantation：Including a. seed treatments：With 98% sulfuric acid treatment Sophora alopecuroide seed, the kind after processing
Son rinsed with water, be placed in ventilation dry it is standby；B. sow：Sow and use drilling, sowing 1~2cm of furrow width, ditch depth 1.0~
1.5cm, 45~50cm of line-spacing.After planting earthing；C. field management：1) final singling：After emergence, final singling is carried out according to spacing in the rows 10cm,
And suitably filled the gaps with seedlings at the place of being short of seedling；2) irrigate：June, Sophora alopecuroide growth mid-July animated period combination soil moisture content timely and appropriate discovery are poured water
2 times；3) top dressing：Mid-July, per hectare applied 200 kilograms of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer；4) weeding：June, July carry out weeding, artificial or five fluorine
Sulphur grass amine is watered spraying；D. harvest：Herb harvesting is carried out in late August, and seed collection is changed into yellowish-brown in early November pod
Shi Jinhang；Wherein dry, clean after herb harvesting；By the decomposed beyond seed, crushing, pack.Will after the harvesting of seed
Seed sieves, and is classified by particle size.
Second Year, the multiple cropping of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and corn：A. plot is arranged：First apply improving fertilizer before sowing, by ploughing and rotary tillage
Leveling earth afterwards, and cover mulch film；20~25 centimetres are ploughed deeply, ground is harrowed neat and well spaced flat, improving fertilizer 1.5 is applied for every mu according to soil fertility situation
Ton；
B. begin sowing in good time：Date of seeding, is preferably sowed in late March to early April, and implantation hole is set on mulch film, enterprising in implantation hole
Row program request, per two, cave；Program request sowing quantity is 0.5 kilogram every mu, and sowing is preferably shallow unsuitable deep, 3~5 centimetres, during soil moisture content difference
Moisture creating is wanted to sow；Oily 60~65 centimetres of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers Planting Row Distance, 25~30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, has the plot of irrigation conditions, can suitably increase
Line-spacing, spacing in the rows is reduced, improve Irradiance, increase yield；
C. seedling management：Seedling is looked into fill the gaps with seedlings, it is ensured that full stand, when being short of seedling in a pair of true leaves timely balled transplanting, be not easy to reseed；
Thinning is carried out when first pair of true leaf deploys, second or the 3rd pair of true leaf carry out final singling when deploying.
D. field management：1) rich water quality management：Absorption of the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers to fertilizer is less early stage, and the later stage is more；Need potassium more, need nitrogen
Take second place, need phosphorus minimum.In seedling stage, every mu can impose 5~7 kilograms of urea, and florescence top dressing combines watering and ditched, and every mu is applied urea 15
~20 kilograms, 10~15 kilograms of potassium sulfate, the cm of fertilization depth 10.Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth water requirement early stage is small, and excessive rainfall is also
It can cause excessive growth, during surface pond, answer timely draining, prevent rotten death.Buddingging to the pustulation period, such as running into damage caused by a drought, should and
When water；2) tillage and weeding：2~3 intertillages are carried out in oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers breeding time, intertillage for the first time combines thinning and carried out, second
Intertillage final singling is carried out after one week, and third time intertillage is carried out before buddingging, and combines ridging, and ridging height is more than 10 centimetres, with
Promote oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers well established and vigorously developing, prevent from lodging, while clear up removing mulch film；3) prune ventilation：Some kinds form phase, oil in floral disc
The axillary bud of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers middle and upper part can grow branch, although can also form floral disc, usual floral disc is small, hollow kernels, also affects
The development of stem floral disc.Branch is extractd in time, promote the growth of stem floral disc.There is scab for excessively in great numbers or blade
, and the strong yellow leaf of bottom will extract in time, in favor of ventilation and penetrating light；4) bee pollination：Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is entomophilous flower crop, by elder brother
Worm pollination could be solid；General use puts honeybee pollination in a suitable place to breed, and a hive bee can bear 5~6 mu of ground pollinations；, must such as without honeybee source
Artificial supplementary pollination, method be by a pair of floral discs to, lightly rubbing with the hands together, the time should since when spending in full bloom,
Carried out once every 1~2 day, general 2~3 times；Pollination is best to 11 effects of the morning after dew is done in the morning every time；
E. harvest in good time：Usually late June to early July harvests, and physiological maturity standard turns yellow for plant stem, leaf
Piece is largely withered and yellow, sagging or come off, and the floral disc back side becomes yellowish-brown pericarp and become hard manually to harvest, the field of mechanical harvest
Block, to become optimal during yellowish-brown by 8~10 days floral discs after physiological maturity.
F. corn is chosen seeds：From the kind that breeding time is relatively short；
G. sow：After oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers harvest, sowed using seeding and fertilizing integrated seeder iron stubble, while apply every mu of improving fertilizer
1 ton；Pay attention to the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers stalk in time in cleaning field, mu application rate is 2~2.5 kilograms during sowing, 0.3 meter of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 0.5
Rice；
H. field management：Mainly rich water quality management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Corn top dressing requires that application attacks ear manuer, adds and attack grain
Fertilizer, the corn typhon mouth phase is nutrient growth and reproductive growth is gone forward side by side period, needs fertilizer, water requirement maximum, impose attack ear manuer can be with
Every mu of 10~20 kilograms of urea of application during watering；It is the top dressing from blooming pollinated stage to attack granulated fertilizer, typically regard corn growing way and
It is fixed, every mu of additional 8~10 kilograms of urea if needing top dressing；Pest and disease damage mainly prevents and treats corn borer, aphid；
I. harvest in proper late：Harvest corn should be after corn kernel stops grouting, and its bract bleaches withered, and seed milk-line disappears
Lose, black layer occurs in seed base portion, at this moment crop highest.
Embodiment five, application effect
From in March, 2015 in October, 2016, Sophora alopecuroide is first planted in the saline and alkaline plot in Shaanxi with this fertilizer, is first applied before cultivation
Base fertilizer is made with 3 ton/mu improving fertilizers, centre supplements appropriate inorganic fertilizer；Meanwhile control field is set, existed using general planting method
The salt-soda soil plot of unprocessed mistake and do not add improving fertilizer, do not use ground membrane technology plantation as control 1.Second Year, it is multiple
The oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of kind and corn, base fertilizer first is made using 1.5 ton/mu improving fertilizers before oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers plantation, centre supplements appropriate inorganic fertilizer；Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is received
Returning to the field after stalk is crushed after obtaining, while apply 1.0 tons of every mu of improving fertilizer.During plantation, to the plant height of plant, root system, growth
Etc. detected, the plot plant for finding to handle by the present invention increases obvious, and root system is more flourishing, and yield substantially increases.
By the transformation of 2 years, pH decreased in 0~30cm soil layers 1.3~1.8, electrical conductivity (EC) have dropped
0.98~1.20ms/cm, basicity (ESP) have dropped 33~65 percentage points, and total salt quantity have dropped 0.3~0.7 percentage point,
Total nitrogen content increase by 48.7% in soil, edaphon content improves 33.5%, and the saline and alkaline degree of soil is got over before improvement
Serious improved effect is better.
As can be seen here, the present invention is notable to the improved effect in salt-soda soil.
It should be understood that these embodiments are only illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.In addition, it is to be understood that
After the content of the invention lectured has been read, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, these
The equivalent form of value equally falls within the application appended claims limited range.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：A. ditching is carried out in the plot chosen, forms discharge conduit and growing area；Metalling is laid in growing area, on metalling Salt discharging pipe is laid in portion, and backfill is covered on salt discharging pipe top, is formed plantation layer, is then carried out the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching；Then soil deeptillage, Every mu is applied 3000 to 5000 kilograms of improving fertilizer, leveling；B. Sophora alopecuroide is planted：Including 1) seed treatment；2) sow；3) field management；4) harvest：Seed collection is in early November pod Fruit is changed into carrying out during yellowish-brown, and remaining branches and leaves return field after crushing；C. the plantation of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers：Including 1) arranging plot：First apply 2000 to 4000 kilograms of improving fertilizer before sowing, by ploughing and rotation Leveling earth after ploughing, and cover mulch film；20~25 centimetres are ploughed deeply, ground is harrowed neat and well spaced flat；2) begin sowing in good time；3) seedling management：Look into Seedling is filled the gaps with seedlings, it is ensured that full stand；4) field management；5) harvest in good time；D. corn planting：Including 1) choosing seeds；2) sow：After oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers harvest, sowed using seeding and fertilizing integrated seeder iron stubble, Apply improving fertilizer simultaneously；3) field management；4) harvest in proper late；The improving fertilizer, including A fertilizer and B fertilizer, it is 30~40 that wherein A fertilizer, which includes weight ratio,:8~12:20~30:8~12:6~ 10:6~10:3~5 desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite, urea, ammonium phosphate and calcium chloride；B fertilizer includes weight ratio For 45~55:20~30:10~20:6~10:1~3 seawood meal, cow dung, dregs of beans, stalk and microorganism composite powder；Microorganism It is 1 that composite powder, which includes weight ratio,:2:1:1:1 azotobacter chroococcum, trichodermaharzianum, butyric acid clostruidium, bacillus subtilis Bacterium and German-style lactic acid bacteria.
- 2. heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Applied for every mu in the step a 3~5 tons of improving fertilizer；Every mu of 1~3 ton of improving fertilizer of application in step c；Every mu of 0.5~1.5 ton of improving fertilizer of application in step d.
- 3. heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step c after program request Implantation hole sand seal lid.
- 4. heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Intertilled in the step c Cleaning removes mulch film during weeding.
- 5. heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In seedling stage in the step c Every mu can impose 5~7 kilograms of urea, and florescence top dressing combines watering, and every mu is applied 15~20 kilograms of urea, the public affairs of potassium sulfate 10~15 Jin, the cm of fertilization depth 10.
- 6. heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Harvest and adopt in the step c With mechanical harvest need to floral disc becomes yellowish-brown within 8~10 days after physiological maturity when.
- 7. heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is received in the step c After obtaining, its oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers stalk returning to the field after crushing.
- 8. heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Ear manuer is attacked in the step d Every mu of 10~20 kilograms of urea of application.
- 9. heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the improving fertilizer in A fertilizer Desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite, urea, the weight ratio of ammonium phosphate and calcium chloride are 35:10:25:10:8:8:4, B Seawood meal in fertilizer, cow dung, dregs of beans, the weight ratio of stalk and microorganism composite powder are 50:25:15:8:2.
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| CN108191568A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-06-22 | 单娜娜 | A kind of salt resistance alkali "Hami" melon fertilizer special for organic and preparation and application |
| CN108738457A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of synthesis improvement method suitable for inland pole arid area salt-soda soil |
| CN108934259A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-07 | 苏州金螳螂园林绿化景观有限公司 | A kind of impaired method for recovering vegetation of saline-alkali wetland |
| CN113068570A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-06 | 西北农林科技大学 | Vegetation configuration method for controlling water and soil loss of alpine slope |
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| CN113068570A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-06 | 西北农林科技大学 | Vegetation configuration method for controlling water and soil loss of alpine slope |
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