CN107630697A - Based on the formation resistivity joint inversion method for boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging - Google Patents
Based on the formation resistivity joint inversion method for boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of based on the formation resistivity joint inversion method for boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging, this method obtains with brill electromagnetic wave resistivity logging Amplitude Ratio and phase data first；Summation, the inversion objective function of structure joint constraint are weighted further according to Amplitude Ratio and phase data；The inversion objective function of joint constraint is finally based on, formation resistivity is obtained using particle cluster algorithm inverting.The formation resistivity curve that formation resistivity inversion method provided by the present invention obtains has taken into account the advantage of the preferable radial depth of investigetion of traditional Amplitude Ratio resistivity curve and the preferable longitudinal frame of phase difference resistivity curve, more fully it make use of with brill electromagnetic wave resistivity logging information, and the more traditional inversion method of inverting workload reduces half.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Reservoir Development technical field, in particular to a kind of based on the ground for boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging
Layer resistivity joint inversion method, it is to utilize the phase signal and amplitude with boring measured by electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument
Than a kind of method of combined signal Solving The Resistivities of The Earth.
Background technology
As one of main logging while drilling technology, contain with electromagnetic wave resistivity logging is bored with brill geosteering and reservoir
Vital effect has been played in terms of oily saturation degree evaluation.Relative to the logger of other direct measurement formation resistivities,
It is two signals of Amplitude Ratio and phase difference with the actual measurement record of brill electromagnetic wave resistivity logging, therefore is carrying out formation resistivity
Rate is needed Amplitude Ratio and phase signal inverting when evaluating into formation resistivity.
At present, using with bore electromagnetic wave resistivity logging Data Inversion formation resistivity when, generally use least square and
Simulated annealing scheduling algorithm.Wherein, least-squares algorithm belongs to local search of algorithm, and efficiency of inverse process is largely dependent upon model
The initial precision of parameter, object function are easily trapped into local extremum, although and simulated annealing can carry out global optimizing,
The influence of original model parameter is not completely free of still.Because different regions wellbore formation change in resistance is larger, carrying out
During formation resistivity inverting, appropriate original model parameter can not be accurately obtained in many cases.
Except inversion algorithm, the way of restraint of inversion objective function also has considerable influence to inversion result.Using with brill electricity
During magnetic wave resistivity logging Data Inversion formation resistivity, to Amplitude Ratio or phase signal list generally in inversion objective function
Solely enter row constraint, so as to which inverting obtains Amplitude Ratio resistivity or phase difference resistivity.Theoretical research and result of practical application show,
Amplitude Ratio resistivity investigation depth is deeper, but longitudinal frame is poor and only has preferable precision on low-resistance stratum, and phase difference
Resistivity longitudinal frame is preferable, but radial depth is again relatively shallower.
Therefore stratum true resistance rate letter can not preferably be reacted using only Amplitude Ratio resistivity and phase difference resistivity
Longitudinal frame when ceasing, and combining using Amplitude Ratio resistivity and phase difference resistivity be present and radial depth of investigetion mismatches
The problem of, these problems have all seriously been fettered with the application effect for boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging.
The content of the invention
The defects of prior art of the present invention is present, there is provided a kind of based on the formation resistivity for boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging
Rate joint inversion method, the inversion method utilize anti-with brill electromagnetic wave resistivity logging Amplitude Ratio and phase signal joint constraint
Object function is drilled, this method has global optimizing characteristic, it is not necessary to initial value or prior information.
To achieve the above object, it is provided by the invention a kind of based on the formation resistivity connection for boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging
Inversion method is closed, is comprised the following steps：
1) obtain with brill electromagnetic wave resistivity logging Amplitude Ratio and phase data；
2) summation, the inversion objective function E of structure joint constraint are weighted according to Amplitude Ratio and phase data；Its
In, due to often being differed more than an order of magnitude with brill electromagnetic wave logging Amplitude Ratio and phase signal amplitude, so if
Directly joint constraint inverting, the larger data of amplitude can account for leading role in object function, so as to not reach joint constraint inverting
Purpose.
3) inversion objective function based on joint constraint, formation resistivity is obtained using particle cluster algorithm inverting.
Further see, in the step 1), Amplitude Ratio and phase data are actual measurement data and forward simulation number
According to, wherein, Amplitude Ratio and phase data include forward model Amplitude Ratio signal, actual measurement Amplitude Ratio signal, forward model phase
Difference signal and measured phase difference signal.
Yet further, in the step 2), the inversion objective function for combining constraint is：
E=| | EATTS-EATTM||2+||ΔφS-ΔφM||2·cor2
Wherein, EATTSFor forward model Amplitude Ratio signal, EATTMTo survey Amplitude Ratio signal, Δ φSFor forward model phase
Potentiometer signal, Δ φMFor measured phase difference signal,
Cor is Amplitude Ratio and phase signal weight coefficient, expression formula are：
Yet further, in the step 3), the step of obtaining formation resistivity using particle cluster algorithm inverting：
Step S1, inversion objective function E, setting number of particles Num, particle distribution F, maximum iteration are obtained
itermaxAnd object function threshold epsilon；
Step S2, equally distributed particle initial position and the particle initial motion of random distribution speed in given range are obtained
Degree；
Step S3, primary group's individual extreme value P is calculated0bestAnd global extremum N0best, original model parameter X0=
N0best；
Step S4, according to Particles Moving speed and location updating expression formula, Particles Moving speed and the renewal of renewal are obtained
Position coordinates；
Step S5, the Particles Moving speed and more new position obtained with step 4), determines current location, population individual pole
Value PbestAnd global extremum Nbest, "current" model parameter X=Nbest；
Step S6, by original model parameter X0Brought into "current" model parameter X in inversion objective function E, respectively obtain mesh
Scalar functions E model parameter initial value E (X0) and currency E (X)；
Step S7, the model parameter initial value of object function and the difference DELTA E=E (X of currency are asked for0)-E (X), it is
Judge whether the model parameter initial value of object function and the difference of currency meet preset rules, when the currency of object function
Whether it is less than or equal to object function threshold epsilon, if so, then performing step S8, otherwise, returns and perform step S4 reacquisition renewals
Particles Moving speed and position；
Step S8, "current" model parameter X is assigned to original model parameter X0, then perform step S9；
Step S9, judge iterations iter whether with the maximum iteration itermaxIt is equal, if equal, then hold
Row step S10, otherwise, return to step S2；
Step S10, original model parameter X is exported0, the formation resistivity values that are obtained as inverting.
Repeatedly joint constraint inverting is carried out to the Amplitude Ratio and phase data of acquisition using particle cluster algorithm, inverting is obtained
The formation resistivity average value arrived is as final inversion result.
Particle cluster algorithm (Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO) is by Kennedy and Eberhar (1995
Year) looked for food by flock of birds during individual and colony between information transmission inspiration propose.When flock of birds is searched in specific region
During unique food, all birds do not know food there, and the optimal policy for finding food is exactly to search at present from food
The peripheral region of the nearest bird of thing.
Looked for food process based on above-mentioned flock of birds, particle cluster algorithm regards the solution of each optimization problem in institute's search space as
A bird, be referred to as " particle ".Each particle also have a speed to determine them iteration is circled in the air each time direction and distance,
And in each iteration, particle updates oneself by tracking individual extreme value and global extremum, and final obtain makes target letter
The optimal solution of number global minima.
Yet further, the step S4) in, Particles Moving speed and location updating expression formula are respectively：
Wherein,Respectively i-th of Particles Moving speed before and after iteration renewal；WithRespectively iteration is more
New front and rear i-th of particle position；c1=2 and c2=2 be accelerate constant, be respectively used to regulation to global optimum's particle and individual most
The maximum step-length of excellent particle direction motion；ω is weight coefficient, and it is according to following formula from ωmaxTo ωminIt is linear to reduce：
Wherein, itermaxIt is maximum iteration, iter is current iteration number, ωmax=1, ωmin=0.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1) in the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, the formation resistivity inversion method that is provided according to
With electromagnetic wave resistivity logging apparatus measures data are bored, establish Amplitude Ratio and the anti-of constraint is combined in phase difference weighting
Object function is drilled, and formation resistivity is obtained by particle cluster algorithm inverting.
2) compared with traditional inversion method individually constrained using Amplitude Ratio and phase difference, stratum provided by the present invention
The formation resistivity curve that resistivity inversion methods obtain has taken into account traditional Amplitude Ratio resistivity curve, and preferably radially detection is deep
The advantage of degree and the preferable longitudinal frame of phase difference resistivity curve, it more fully make use of and surveyed with brill electromagnetic resistivity
Well information, and the more traditional inversion method of inverting workload reduces half.
3) particle cluster algorithm is different from usual used least square method or simulated annealing, and it does not search only for part
Optimal value, global optimum is also searched for, thus local extremum can be jumped out.In addition, it is not necessary that formation resistivity prior information,
Initial precision independent of model parameter, it is only necessary to set and relatively reasonable search scope, you can inverting obtains degree of precision
Formation resistivity.
Brief description of the drawings
The formation resistivity inverting flow process schematic diagram that Fig. 1 is provided by embodiment of the present invention；
The schematic flow sheet for the particle cluster algorithm that Fig. 2 is provided by embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 by embodiment of the present invention provide with bore electromagnetic wave logging structure of coil system schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 a are 500kHz tranmitting frequency 0.8m sources in model 1 away from coil array radial investigation characteristics schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 b are 500kHz tranmitting frequency 1m sources in model 1 away from coil array radial investigation characteristics schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 c are 2MHz tranmitting frequency 0.8m sources in model 1 away from coil array radial investigation characteristics schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 d are 2MHz tranmitting frequency 1m sources in model 1 away from coil array radial investigation characteristics schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 a are 500kHz tranmitting frequency 0.8m sources in model 2 away from coil array longitudinal frame schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 b are 500kHz tranmitting frequency 1m sources in model 2 away from coil array longitudinal frame schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 c are 2MHz tranmitting frequency 0.8m sources in model 2 away from coil array longitudinal frame schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 d are 2MHz tranmitting frequency 1m sources in model 2 away from coil array longitudinal frame schematic diagram.
Embodiment
In order to preferably explain the present invention, below in conjunction with the specific embodiment main contents that the present invention is furture elucidated, but
Present disclosure is not limited solely to following examples.
Embodiment 1
Model 1 is invaded formation model, by STRATIGRAPHIC DIVISION is radially axially invaded zone and undisturbed formation from instrument,
In order to calculate under different intrusion situations with brill electromagnetic wave logging instrument response, model invaded zone resistivity RinWith undisturbed formation resistance
Rate RtRespectively 2.5 Ω .m and 10 Ω .m, depth of invasion computer capacity are 0.1 to 6m.In order to which inverting obtains invaded formation model
Resistivity value, as shown in Fig. 1~2：Specific formation resistivity inversion step is as follows：
S1) using in above-mentioned invaded formation model with bore electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrumental response value as number of actual measurements
According to, and using uniform stratigraphic model Instrumental response as forward model data.
S2 summation, the inversion objective function E of structure joint constraint) are weighted according to Amplitude Ratio and phase data；
E=| | EATTS-EATTM||2+||ΔφS-ΔφM||2·cor2
Wherein, EATTSFor forward model Amplitude Ratio signal, EATTMTo survey Amplitude Ratio signal, EΔφFor phase difference inverting mesh
Scalar functions, Δ φSFor forward model phase signal, Δ φMFor measured phase difference signal,
Cor is Amplitude Ratio and phase signal weight coefficient, expression formula are：
S3 the inversion objective function) based on joint constraint, formation resistivity is obtained using particle cluster algorithm inverting；Its is specific
Step is as follows：
Step S301, inversion objective function E, setting number of particles Num, particle distribution F, maximum iteration are obtained
itermaxAnd object function threshold epsilon；
Step S302, equally distributed particle initial position and the particle initial motion of random distribution in given range are obtained
Speed；
Step S303, primary group's individual extreme value P is calculated0bestAnd global extremum N0best, original model parameter X0=
N0best；
Step S304, according to Particles Moving speed and location updating expression formula, the Particles Moving speed and more of renewal is obtained
New position coordinate；Particles Moving speed and location updating expression formula are respectively：
Wherein,Respectively i-th of Particles Moving speed before and after iteration renewal；WithRespectively iteration is more
New front and rear i-th of particle position；c1=2 and c2=2 be accelerate constant, be respectively used to regulation to global optimum's particle and individual most
The maximum step-length of excellent particle direction motion；ω is weight coefficient, and it is according to following formula from ωmaxTo ωminIt is linear to reduce：
Wherein, itermaxIt is maximum iteration, iter is current iteration number, ωmax=1, ωmin=0；
Step S305, the Particles Moving speed and more new position obtained with step 4), current location, population individual are determined
Extreme value PbestAnd global extremum Nbest, "current" model parameter X=Nbest；
Step S306, by original model parameter X0Brought into "current" model parameter X in object function, respectively obtain inverting mesh
Scalar functions E model parameter initial value E (X0) and currency E (X)；
Step S307, the model parameter initial value of object function and the difference DELTA E=E (X of currency are asked for0)-E (X), i.e.,
It is current when object function to judge whether the difference of the model parameter initial value of object function and currency meets preset rules
Whether value is less than or equal to object function threshold epsilon, if so, then performing step S308, otherwise, returns to execution step S304 and obtains again
Take Particles Moving speed and the position of renewal；
Step S308, "current" model parameter X is assigned to original model parameter X0, then perform step S309；
Step S309, judge iterations iter whether with the maximum iteration itermaxIt is equal, if equal, then
Perform step S310, otherwise, return to step S2；
Step S310, original model parameter X is exported0, the formation resistivity values R that is obtained as invertinga。
Defined according to integrated radial geometric factor Gr, it is with brill that Gr, which is equal to radial direction depth of invasion value corresponding when 0.5,
Electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument radial depth of investigetion, its calculation expression are as follows：
In formula, RaFor the formation resistivity values obtained by with brill electromagnetic wave logging inverting, the width that traditional inversion method is obtained
Joint inversion method obtains joint resistance rate and brings above formula into respectively in degree ratio resistance rate and phase difference resistivity and the present invention,
Different integrated radial geometric factor curves is calculated.As shown in figure 4, for different structure of coil system and tranmitting frequency,
It is equal to the radial depth of investigetion value corresponding to 0.5 using integrated radial geometric factor Gr, finds coil source away from bigger and transmitting frequency
When rate is lower, instrument investigation depth is bigger；Fixed coil array source away from and tranmitting frequency under, footpath corresponding to Amplitude Ratio resistivity
Maximum to investigation depth, radial depth of investigetion corresponding to joint inversion resistivity is taken second place, and corresponding to phase difference resistivity radially
Investigation depth is most shallow.As a result show, the radial depth that the apparent resistivity curve that joint inversion method obtains in the present invention is detected
Occupy between Amplitude Ratio resistivity and phase difference resistivity radial depth of investigetion that traditional inversion method is obtained, have preferable
Radial investigation characteristics.
Embodiment 2：Longitudinal frame is analyzed
The method of the method for the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is essentially identical, and difference is：
Model 2 is longitudinal layered stratigraphic model, and background formation resistivity and interlayer resistivity are respectively 10 Ω .m and 1
Ω .m, background formation is alternately present with interlayer in model, and formation thickness scope is 0.2 to 2m, is obtained according to traditional inversion method
Amplitude Ratio and phase difference resistivity curve and the present invention in the obtained apparent resistivity curve of joint inversion method it is as shown in Figure 5.
As illustrated, dividing the method for formation thickness according to conventional curvature half range point, it is found that coil source is higher away from smaller and tranmitting frequency
When, apparent conductivity curve longitudinal frame is better；Fixed coil array source away from and tranmitting frequency under, traditional phase difference inverting
Obtained apparent conductivity curve longitudinal frame is best, the apparent conductivity curve longitudinal frame and phase difference that joint inversion obtains
The apparent conductivity curve longitudinal frame that inverting obtains is sufficiently close to, and the apparent conductivity curve that traditional Amplitude Ratio inverting obtains
Then obvious two methods earlier above are poor for longitudinal frame.
As a result show, the stratum apparent conductivity curve that the joint inversion method proposed in the present embodiment is obtained is taken into account
The advantage of traditional Amplitude Ratio resistivity radial depth of investigetion and phase difference resistivity longitudinal frame, single it can be regarded than traditional
Resistivity curve preferably evaluates stratum.
Other unspecified parts are prior art.Although above-described embodiment is made that to the present invention and retouched in detail
State, but it is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments, people can also according to the present embodiment without
Other embodiment is obtained under the premise of creativeness, these embodiments belong to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
- It is 1. a kind of based on the formation resistivity joint inversion method for boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging, it is characterised in that：Including with Lower step：1) obtain with brill electromagnetic wave resistivity logging Amplitude Ratio and phase data；2) summation, the inversion objective function E of structure joint constraint are weighted according to Amplitude Ratio and phase data；3) inversion objective function based on joint constraint, formation resistivity is obtained using particle cluster algorithm inverting.
- 2. according to claim 1 based on the formation resistivity joint inversion method for boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging, it is special Sign is：In the step 1), Amplitude Ratio and phase data are actual measurement data and forward simulation data, wherein, amplitude Than including forward model Amplitude Ratio signal, actual measurement Amplitude Ratio signal, forward model phase signal with phase data, phase is surveyed Potentiometer signal.
- 3. according to claim 1 based on the formation resistivity joint inversion method for boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging, it is special Sign is：In the step 2), the inversion objective function E for combining constraint is：E=| | EATTS-EATTM||2+||△φS-△φM||2·cor2Wherein, EATTSFor forward model Amplitude Ratio signal, EATTMTo survey Amplitude Ratio signal, E△φFor phase difference inverting target letter Number, △ φSFor forward model phase signal, △ φMFor measured phase difference signal,Cor is Amplitude Ratio and phase signal weight coefficient, expression formula are：
- 4. according to claim 1 based on the formation resistivity joint inversion method for boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging, it is special Sign is：In the step 3), the step of obtaining formation resistivity using particle cluster algorithm inverting：Step S1, inversion objective function E, setting number of particles Num, particle distribution F, maximum iteration iter are obtainedmax And object function threshold epsilon；Step S2, the particle initial motion speed of equally distributed particle initial position and random distribution in given range is obtained；Step S3, primary group's individual extreme value P is calculated0bestAnd global extremum N0best, original model parameter X0=N0best；Step S4, according to Particles Moving speed and location updating expression formula, the Particles Moving speed and more new position of renewal are obtained Coordinate；Step S5, the Particles Moving speed and more new position obtained with step 4), determines current location, population individual extreme value PbestAnd global extremum Nbest, "current" model parameter X=Nbest；Step S6, by original model parameter X0Brought into "current" model parameter X in object function, respectively obtain inversion objective function E Model parameter initial value E (X0) and currency E (X)；Step S7, the model parameter initial value of object function and the difference △ E=E (X of currency are asked for0)-E (X), as judge Whether the model parameter initial value of object function and the difference of currency meet preset rules, when object function currency whether Less than or equal to object function threshold epsilon, if so, then performing step S8, otherwise, return and perform the grain that step S4 reacquires renewal Sub- movement velocity and position；Step S8, "current" model parameter X is assigned to original model parameter X0, then perform step S9；Step S9, judge iterations iter whether with the maximum iteration itermaxIt is equal, if equal, then perform step Rapid S10, otherwise, return to step S2；Step S10, original model parameter X is exported0, the parameter value that is obtained as inverting.
- 5. according to claim 4 based on the formation resistivity joint inversion method for boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging, it is special Sign is：The step S4) in,Particles Moving speed and location updating expression formula are respectively：Wherein,WithRespectively i-th of Particles Moving speed before and after iteration renewal；WithRespectively before iteration renewal I-th of particle position afterwards；c1=2 and c2=2 be to accelerate constant, is respectively used to regulation to global optimum's particle and the optimal grain of individual The maximum step-length of sub- direction motion；ω is weight coefficient, and it is according to following formula from ωmaxTo ωminIt is linear to reduce：Wherein, itermaxIt is maximum iteration, iter is current iteration number, ωmax=1 ωmin=0.
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