CN107628614A - A kind of calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode - Google Patents

A kind of calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode Download PDF

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CN107628614A
CN107628614A CN201610565814.9A CN201610565814A CN107628614A CN 107628614 A CN107628614 A CN 107628614A CN 201610565814 A CN201610565814 A CN 201610565814A CN 107628614 A CN107628614 A CN 107628614A
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flue gas
electrolytic aluminium
waste cathode
aluminium waste
disposal
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CN107628614B (en
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邹逢春
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HUAQI ENVIRONMENTAL CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd
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HUAQI ENVIRONMENTAL CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a kind of calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode, belong to field for the treatment of of solid waste, it includes:By the temperature control for calcining flue gas I caused by electrolytic aluminium waste cathode after 1200-1700 DEG C, flue gas I is mixed with ambient atmos and the temperature of flue gas is down to less than 800 DEG C, obtain flue gas II, the velocity ratio of wherein flue gas I and ambient atmos is 1:The volume ratio of 2-10, flue gas I and ambient atmos is 1:3-15.Carbon in useless negative electrode and fluoride, oxide and cyanide can be effectively separated by calcining electrolytic aluminium waste cathode, this method is advantageously implemented the cooling of flue gas, further coordinate selection by winnowing classification processing, be advantageous to the recovery of fluoride, oxide, and then realize the harmlessness disposing and recycling of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode.

Description

A kind of calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode
Technical field
The present invention relates to field for the treatment of of solid waste, in particular to a kind of calcining disposal side of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode Method.
Background technology
Electrolytic aluminium negative electrode with calcined anthracite, metallurgical coke, graphite etc. for aggregate, with coal tar pitch etc. be adhesive kneading after make Into, it is mainly used in making the block class of aluminium cell carbon lining or pastes class carbon product.In aluminium electrolysis process, occur on negative electrode Key reaction be to be fused to ice crystal (Na2AIFeNa2AIF6) in AI3+Liquid metal aluminium is reduced into, converges product in carbonaceous bottom land The conductive cathode of surface, aluminium liquid and carbonaceous bottom land collectively as electrolytic cell.Due to there is various fluorides, miscellaneous in electrolyte melt Matter, effect occurs to corrode and wash away etc. for fused salt cathode blocks caused by electrolysis in the presence of the electric field and long term high temperature, adds The effect of thermal stress, cathode material is deformed, swell, be broken, then damaged negative electrode is useless negative electrode.
Electrolytic aluminium waste cathode is containing 20-40% or so fluorides, the hazardous waste of micro cyanide, due to its fluorination Thing and cyanide easily hydrolyze, thus such as without effectively disposal, run into drench with rain, water logging easily causes serious environmental pollution. China's electrolytic aluminium yield in 2014 has reached more than 2,200 ten thousand tons, and world's electrolytic aluminium yield has reached more than 5,000 ten thousand tons.With electrolysis The increase of aluminium yield, useless negative electrode caused by electrolytic aluminium increasingly increase.At present, China's aluminum electrolysis industry has had more than 400 ten thousand tons Accumulation stockpiling, and with annual 200000 tons or so of amount sustainable growth.It is cloudy due to lacking advanced electrolytic aluminium waste both at home and abroad at present Pole harmlessness disposing and recycling reutilization technology, the burial processing method that aluminium electrolysis enterprise generally uses not only cause to environment It is very big to pollute the significant wastage for also creating resource.
China or even the interior disposal electrolytic aluminium waste cathode of world wide mainly using wet method and combustion method, landfill method and are built at present Warehouse is stored up, and the toner value that wherein wet method obtains is not high, and combustion method can not effectively reclaim fluoride therein.Therefore mainly adopt With the landfill method of high cost, but because most of enterprise can not carry out innoxious landfill according to the disposal options of hazardous waste, The mode cost that storehouse is stored up of opening a position is again high.Therefore the problem of environmental pollution of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode is never effectively solved Certainly.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode, this method provides a kind of new The mode to flue gas cool-down, and be advantageous to the particulate separations such as the dust in flue gas.In this way, realize in useless negative electrode Carbon and fluoride, oxide and cyanide efficiently separate, and by being mixed with ambient atmos to flue gas I caused by calcining Temperature control is carried out, further coordinates selection by winnowing classification processing, is advantageous to reclaim fluoride, oxide, and then realize electrolytic aluminium waste The harmlessness disposing and recycling of negative electrode.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy uses following technical scheme:
A kind of calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode, it includes:Flue gas I caused by electrolytic aluminium waste cathode will be calcined Flue gas I is mixed after 1200-1700 DEG C and the temperature of flue gas I is down into less than 800 DEG C, obtained by temperature control with ambient atmos To flue gas II, the velocity ratio of wherein flue gas I and ambient atmos is 1:The volume ratio of 2-10, flue gas I and ambient atmos is 1:3- 15。
The method of disposal electrolytic aluminium waste cathode relatively good at present is mainly to calcine the method that laggard water-filling mist is handled, the method It is using superhigh temperature stove calcining electrolytic aluminium waste cathode, makes fluoride, cyanide and oxide volatilization therein, cigarette caused by calcining Gas is discharged after being handled by the way of water smoke absorbs.Although this method can obtain the carbon of higher degree, using When the mode that water smoke absorbs is handled flue gas, it is impossible to efficiently separated the fluoride in flue gas, oxide etc., no Beneficial to the recycling of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) temperature is after 1200-1700 DEG C of flue gas I mixes with ambient atmos, because the temperature of ambient atmos is much smaller than The temperature of flue gas I, mixed with the quick of ambient atmos, the temperature decrease of flue gas I is to less than 800 DEG C, the flue gas after quenching In fluoride form the powdery of solid-state because temperature moment reduces, i.e. the fluoride containing solid-state powdery in flue gas II, then The means being classified using selection by winnowing are progressively separated to flue gas II, you can have effectively been reclaimed fluoride and oxide, be advantageous to Realize the harmlessness disposing and recycling of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode.
(2) when controlling the temperature of flue gas I, flue gas I is mixed with ambient atmos, flue gas I and ambient atmos during mixing Velocity ratio is 1:The volume ratio of 2-10, flue gas I and ambient atmos is 1:3-15, the two parameters are controlled to enable to flue gas I Temperature be reduced to less than 800 DEG C by 1200-1700 DEG C within the extremely short time, the rapid drawdown of the temperature of flue gas I is advantageous to make flue gas Fluoride in I is in instantaneous solidification into powder.
(3) this method can realize efficiently separating for carbon in useless negative electrode and fluoride, oxide and cyanide, enter One step coordinates selection by winnowing classification processing, is advantageous to reclaim fluoride, oxide, and then realize the harmlessness disposing of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode And recycling.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to be briefly described.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.It is unreceipted specific in embodiment Condition person, the condition suggested according to normal condition or manufacturer are carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, it is The conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
Present embodiment provides a kind of calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode, and it includes:Will calcining electrolytic aluminium waste the moon The temperature control of extremely caused flue gas I mixes flue gas I with ambient atmos and by the temperature of flue gas I after 1200-1700 DEG C Less than 800 DEG C are down to, obtains flue gas II, the velocity ratio of wherein flue gas I and ambient atmos is 1:2-10, flue gas I and ambient atmos Volume ratio be 1:3-15.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the condition for calcining electrolytic aluminium waste cathode is by granular electrolytic aluminium waste cathode Carbon block at 2200-3000 DEG C in calcining 30-90min;Preferably by granular electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon block in 2500- 50-70min is calcined at 2700 DEG C;Granular electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon block is most preferably calcined into 60min at 2600 DEG C. The temperature of calcining is 2200-3000 DEG C, is advantageous to make fluoride in electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon block and cyanide as complete as possible Evaporate, so as to obtain the carbon of high-purity.30-90min hours are calcined at 2200-3000 DEG C, height can be obtained The carbon of purity, and can control financial cost in relatively low scope, the cost performance highest of this scheme.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the particle diameter of above-mentioned granular electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon block is 1-100mm; Preferably 40-60mm;Most preferably 50mm.The good permeability of the electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon block of this particle diameter, be advantageous to calcining production Raw flue gas I quickly flows out from fire door.
This method uses calcination method to volatilize the fluoride in electrolytic aluminium waste cathode, oxide, decompose cyaniding therein Thing, and the amount of the burned volatilization of carbon material in useless negative electrode under conditions of basic vacuum is less than 3%, so as to realize useless negative electrode In carbon and fluoride, oxide and cyanide efficiently separate, and make the further graphitization of carbon, improve carbon materials Fixation carbon content, carbon after processing can be used as prebaked anode and cathode materials, carburant, graphite are broken and lithium battery is born Pole material etc..
Usual electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon block is calcined in calcining furnace, and electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon block is in 2200- Can scatter and disappear a part of heat when caused flue gas comes out from fire door after being calcined at 3000 DEG C, and its temperature is possible to that 1200 can be less than ℃.When the temperature for detecting flue gas I is less than 1200 DEG C, the modes such as electrical heating or gas heating can be used by flue gas I It is warming up in the range of 1200-1700 DEG C, is advantageous to further isolate and purify flue gas I.
Temperature is after 1200-1700 DEG C of flue gas I mixes with ambient atmos, because the temperature of ambient atmos is much smaller than cigarette The temperature of gas I, mixed with the quick of ambient atmos, the temperature decrease of flue gas I is to less than 800 DEG C, in the flue gas after quenching Fluoride due to temperature moment reduce and form the powdery of solid-state, i.e. the fluoride containing solid-state powdery in flue gas II, then adopt The means being classified with selection by winnowing are progressively separated to flue gas II, you can have effectively been reclaimed fluoride and oxide, be advantageous to reality The harmlessness disposing and recycling of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode are showed.
Can be normal here, it should be noted that ambient atmos in this application refer to that temperature is less than 40 DEG C of gas Gas after wet body or cooling.The ambient atmos can be air, N2、CO2In one or more combinations, at this In invention preferred embodiment, the ambient atmos are outside air, that is, form the gas of earth ambient atmosphere.Air is selected to cigarette Gas I is cooled down, and cost is low, easy realization.
When controlling the temperature of flue gas I, flue gas I is mixed with ambient atmos, the flow velocity of flue gas I and ambient atmos during mixing Than for 1:2-10, preferably 1:4-8, most preferably 1:5, the volume ratio of flue gas I and ambient atmos is 1:3-15, preferably For 1:7-11, most preferably 1:9.The two parameters are controlled to enable to the temperature of flue gas I within the extremely short time by 1200- 1700 DEG C are reduced to less than 800 DEG C, realize the rapid drawdown of the temperature of flue gas I, be advantageous to make fluoride in flue gas I instantaneous solidification into Powder.
By the temperature control of flue gas caused by calcining I at 1200-1700 DEG C, preferably 1400-1600 DEG C, it is most preferably 1500℃.At a temperature of 1200-1700 DEG C, fluoride is in gaseous state, if temperature is less than 1200 DEG C, fluoride can be in semi liquid state And heavy forge is come, it is unfavorable for isolating and purifying for fluoride.For example by taking NaF as an example, NaF fusing point is 993 DEG C, and boiling point is 1695 DEG C, after temperature is higher than 1695 DEG C, NaF is that gaseous state is blended in flue gas I;When the temperature decrease of flue gas I is to less than 800 DEG C, The NaF of gaseous state shape will instantaneous coagulation into the powder of solid-state, be advantageous to follow-up selection by winnowing grading purification.
Further, after flue gas II is obtained, flue gas II is isolated and purified by the way of selection by winnowing classification, and obtains Flue gas VI after gathering dust, then carries out qualified discharge by flue gas VI.During from flue gas II to flue gas VI, cigarette in constantly separating Fluoride, oxide in gas II, the pollutant load in flue gas VI is set to carry out qualified discharge after being preferably minimized.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mode of selection by winnowing classification is sedimentation, cyclonic separation method and bag-ty pe dust collection In any one or more combination.By using the method for this several dedusting, can effectively to the fluoride in flue gas II and Oxide is isolated and purified, and obtains clean air.
Further, the mode of selection by winnowing classification is preferably that flue gas II obtains flue gas III, flue gas after first using sedimentation dedusting III again using flue gas IV is obtained after cyclonic separation method dedusting, subsequent flue gas IV carries out dedusting using bag-ty pe dust collection, obtains flue gas Ⅵ。
By the way of the classification of this selection by winnowing, be advantageous to purify all kinds of fluorides and oxide in flue gas II.Specifically, When flue gas of the temperature below 800 DEG C passes through settling bin, the fluoride deposition of solid powder is in settling bin.Due to difference The fusing point of fluoride is different, for example NaF fusing point is 993 DEG C, and CaF fusing point is 1402 DEG C, and the two is changed into solid-state by gaseous state The speed and deposition velocity of powder are different, and the method settled after this control temperature is advantageous to different fluorides Isolate and purify out.
The fluoride in flue gas II, oxide etc. can not be isolated completely using sedimentation due to simple, this In scheme, continue to carry out dedusting to flue gas III using cyclonic separation method, obtain flue gas IV.Cyclonic separation method is for less than 50 μm The dust removing effects of Atmospheric particulates are bad, and dust collection rate reaches more than 50%.Therefore, then using bag-ty pe dust collection to flue gas IV carry out Dedusting, dust collection rate reach 99%, obtain the high flue gas VI of cleannes.During dedusting is carried out using this several ways, The higher fluoride of purity has been obtained, has been advantageously implemented the harmlessness disposing and recycling of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, flue gas IV using bag-ty pe dust collection before dedusting is carried out, first by flue gas IV Temperature is down to 100-150 DEG C, is advantageous to the sack cleaner for selecting sexual valence higher.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, flue gas VI after flue gas Water curtain filter by carrying out qualified discharge.Using flue gas After Water curtain filter processing, the air that is more cleaned has been advantageously implemented the harmlessness disposing of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode.
It is first that flue gas IV is cold by table before dedusting is carried out using bag-ty pe dust collection in preferred embodiments of the present invention Device is cooled.Surface cooler good cooling results, the temperature of flue gas IV quickly can be down to 100-150 DEG C.
This method can realize efficiently separating for carbon in useless negative electrode and fluoride, oxide and cyanide.By The process such as two-stage temperature control and selection by winnowing, obtained content of fluoride are more than 90%, and yield is about 32%, may apply to aluminium electricity Xie Zhong.The negative electrode carbon materials of high temperature furnace is drawn off after supercooling, it is fixed carbon content and reaches >=97%, can be used as prebake sun Pole and cathode materials, carburant, graphite is broken and lithium cell cathode material etc..This electrolytic aluminium provided as can be seen here in the present invention The calcining method of disposal of useless negative electrode, the harmlessness disposing and recycling for realizing electrolytic aluminium waste cathode recycle.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode, and it includes:
The granular electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon blocks of 1-20mm are calcined into 90min at 2200 DEG C, volatilize fluorination therein Thing, oxide etc., cyanide resolves into nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon.Flue gas mainly uses selection by winnowing point after two-stage temperature control Various materials in the mode separating flue of level, the graphitized charcoal element after calcining go out calcining furnace through supercooling heel row.
By the temperature control for calcining flue gas I caused by electrolytic aluminium waste cathode after 1200 DEG C, flue gas I is mixed with outside air Merge and the temperature of flue gas I is down to less than 800 DEG C, obtain flue gas II, the velocity ratio of wherein flue gas I and outside air is 1:2, cigarette The volume ratio of gas I and outside air is 1:3.
Flue gas II of the temperature below 800 DEG C obtains flue gas III after first using sedimentation dedusting, and flue gas III uses whirlwind again Flue gas IV is obtained after partition method dedusting, the dust collection rate of cyclonic separation method reaches more than 50%.Then, first the temperature of flue gas IV is dropped Dedusting is carried out using bag-ty pe dust collection to 100-150 DEG C, then by flue gas IV, obtains flue gas VI, the dust collection rate of bag-ty pe dust collection arrives Up to 99%.By multistage gather dust after flue gas VI further by flue gas Water curtain filter after, after flue gas VI is reached discharge standard Discharged.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode, and it is basically identical with embodiment 1, difference Be in:
The granular electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon blocks of 20-40mm are calcined into 70min at 2500 DEG C.Then, calcining is electrolysed Aluminium give up flue gas I caused by negative electrode temperature control after 1400 DEG C, flue gas I is mixed with outside air and by the temperature of flue gas I Less than 800 DEG C are down to, obtains flue gas II, the velocity ratio of wherein flue gas I and outside air is 1:4, the body of flue gas I and outside air Product is than being 1:7.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode, and it is basically identical with embodiment 1, difference Be in:
The granular electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon blocks of 40-60mm are calcined into 60min at 2600 DEG C.Then, calcining is electrolysed Aluminium give up flue gas I caused by negative electrode temperature control after 1500 DEG C, flue gas I is mixed with outside air and by the temperature of flue gas I Less than 800 DEG C are down to, obtains flue gas II, the velocity ratio of wherein flue gas I and outside air is 1:5, the body of flue gas I and outside air Product is than being 1:9.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment provides a kind of calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode, and it is basically identical with embodiment 1, difference Be in:
The granular electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon blocks of 60-80mm are calcined into 50min at 2700 DEG C.Then, calcining is electrolysed Aluminium give up flue gas I caused by negative electrode temperature control after 1600 DEG C, flue gas I is mixed with outside air and by the temperature of flue gas I Less than 800 DEG C are down to, obtains flue gas II, the velocity ratio of wherein flue gas I and outside air is 1:8, the body of flue gas I and outside air Product is than being 1:11.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment provides a kind of calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode, and it is basically identical with embodiment 1, difference Be in:
The granular electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon blocks of 80-100mm are calcined into 30min at 3000 DEG C, then, by calcining electricity Solve aluminium give up flue gas I caused by negative electrode temperature control after 1700 DEG C, flue gas I is mixed with outside air and by the temperature of flue gas I Degree is down to less than 800 DEG C, obtains flue gas II, the velocity ratio of wherein flue gas I and outside air is 1:10, flue gas I and outside air Volume ratio be 1:15.
Comparative example 1
Using method disclosed in patent of invention CN105642649A, height is carried out to the electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon block of phase homogenous quantities Temperature disposal.
The content of the fluoride of gained after being handled in comparative example 1-5 and comparative example 1, yield and carbon contain Amount, yield, as a result as shown in table 1:
The results contrast of the different disposal method of table 1.
As shown in Figure 1, compared to comparative example 1, calcining disposal is carried out to electrolytic aluminium waste cathode by the method provided by the present invention Afterwards, it (is respectively 90% He that the content (92-95%) of resulting fluoride and yield (32-34%), which are above comparative example 1, 30%) content of the content (97-98%) of fixed carbon also above fixed carbon in carbon in comparative example 1, while in resulting carbon (95%).
Thus illustrate, using the calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode provided by the invention, and in the prior art to cigarette The method that gas takes water smoke to handle is different, of the invention by the way of ambient atmos cool to flue gas, and by further Selection by winnowing classification, can either to flue gas carry out dust removal process reach discharge standard, and can enough reclaims to obtain the carbon of high-purity Element and fluoride, and yield is high, realizes the harmlessness disposing and recycling of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, but will be appreciated that without departing substantially from the present invention's Many other change and modification can be made in the case of spirit and scope.It is, therefore, intended that in the following claims Including belonging to all such changes and modifications in the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. the calcining method of disposal of a kind of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode, it is characterised in that it includes:Calcining electrolytic aluminium waste cathode is produced Flue gas I temperature control after 1200-1700 DEG C, the flue gas I is mixed with ambient atmos and by the temperature of the flue gas I Degree is down to less than 800 DEG C, obtains flue gas II, wherein the velocity ratio of the flue gas I and the ambient atmos is 1:2-10, it is described The volume ratio of flue gas I and the ambient atmos is 1:3-15.
2. the calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that calcine the electrolytic aluminium The condition of useless negative electrode is in calcining 30-90min at 2200-3000 DEG C by granular electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon block.
3. the calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the granular electricity The particle diameter for solving aluminium waste cathode carbon block is 1-100mm.
4. the calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the ambient atmos are Outside air.
5. the calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that obtaining the flue gas After II, the flue gas II is isolated and purified by the way of selection by winnowing classification, and the flue gas VI after being gathered dust, then by institute State flue gas VI and carry out qualified discharge.
6. the calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the selection by winnowing classification Mode is combinations any one or more in sedimentation, cyclonic separation method and bag-ty pe dust collection.
7. the calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the flue gas II is first adopted With flue gas III is obtained after sedimentation dedusting, the flue gas III obtains flue gas IV after using cyclonic separation method dedusting again, then described Flue gas IV carries out dedusting using bag-ty pe dust collection, obtains the flue gas VI.
8. the calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the flue gas IV is being adopted Before carrying out dedusting with the bag-ty pe dust collection, the temperature of the flue gas IV is first down to 100-150 DEG C.
9. the calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the flue gas VI passes through Qualified discharge is carried out after flue gas Water curtain filter.
10. the calcining method of disposal of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode according to claim 7, it is characterised in that using the cloth Before bag process of cleaning carries out dedusting, first the flue gas IV is cooled by surface cooler.
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